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Methods of Persuasive Speaking > Credibility Appeals
Credibility Appeals
• Defining Credibility
• Types and Elements of Credibility
• Building Credibility
• Ethical Usage
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking > Credibility Appeals
Defining Credibility
• Credibility is a composite of subjective and objective factors, so it relates to
feelings and opinions, as well as facts and evidence.
• The subjective component of a public speaker's credibility centers on the
speaker's self-presentation.
• The objective aspect of a public speaker's credibility is based on the speaker's
expertise.
Unmasking credibility
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking > Credibility Appeals
Types and Elements of Credibility
• Personal experience in the workplace, at home, in a hobby, or volunteering
situations can bolster your credibility. You can support the validity of your
experience with testimonials and personal recommendations.
• Formal or informal training that relates to your topic can also support your
credibility.
• If you connect yourself and your message to credible people, your own credibility
will benefit from the association.
Mountain climbing
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking > Credibility Appeals
Building Credibility
• Establishing your good character is a crucial part of winning the audience's trust.
• For a public speaker, character is not only about being a good person or a lawabiding citizen; speakers should also be looking out for the needs of their
listeners.
• To show your listeners that you care about their needs and interests, find
common ground with the audience, appeal to shared beliefs and goals, and
entertain potential objections.
Building Blocks
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking > Credibility Appeals
Ethical Usage
• There are three types of appeal techniques in persuasive speaking: logos, pathos
and ethos. Ethos is focused on the credibility appeal, that is, a rhetorical appeal to
an audience based on the speaker's credibility.
• It is unethical to lie to your audience about who you are and what you bring to the
table in terms of experience, credibility and authority.
• When it comes to ethical usage of credibility appeals, stick to authenticity and
speaking honestly about who you are.
Rhetorical
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Appendix
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Key terms
• character Moral strength; consistency of values and principles.
• credibility The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.
• credibility The objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message.
• ethos A rhetorical appeal to an audience based on the speaker/writer's credibility.
• Objective not influenced by irrational emotions or prejudices; based on facts or evidence.
• subjective formed, as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning; coming more
from within the observer than from observations of the external environment.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Building Blocks
The building blocks of credibility are: character, trustworthiness, experience, expertise, and associations/connections.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Mountain climbing
These mountaineers are scaling a sheer cliff in the Rhone-Alps of France, giving them credibility from experience.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Unmasking credibility
What is credibility? It combines believability, trustworthiness, expertise, experience, and ethics. Credibility is personal. In order to establish credibility,
unmask yourself and show the audience who you really are.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Rhetorical
Ethos is is the appeal to the ethics.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
A good way to earn subjective credibility is to
A) state your credentials.
B) reveal a personal connection to your topic.
C) speak loudly, clearly, and confidently.
D) establish common ground with your audience.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
A good way to earn subjective credibility is to
A) state your credentials.
B) reveal a personal connection to your topic.
C) speak loudly, clearly, and confidently.
D) establish common ground with your audience.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Eye-Oh-Key-Are. That’s spelled I-O-K-I-Y-A-R. Eye-Oh-Key-Are. It
means ‘It’s OK if you are a Republican’ and it’s one of many ways
opposing parties vilify each other in today’s political climate. The
problem is that each party spends so much time disparaging the
other party that voters rarely hear politicians presenting their
problem-solving ideas. Which of the following statements would
be the best one to insert after this passage to establish the
speaker’s credibility?
A) A poll sponsored by the Washington Times found that 1 in 3 registered
voters did not know how their current representative in Congress would
vote on infrastructure spending.
B) I’ve been voting since the day I turned 18 and have never seen politics
as dominated by misinformation as it is now.
C) To prepare for this speech, I examined several transcripts from recent
political speeches and found not a single one which went into detail about
any policy issues.
D) Elected officials may be politicians, but in my opinion, they have an
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copiesstand
and changes.on
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obligation to inform their constituents Free
oftowhere
they
issues.
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Eye-Oh-Key-Are. That’s spelled I-O-K-I-Y-A-R. Eye-Oh-Key-Are. It
means ‘It’s OK if you are a Republican’ and it’s one of many ways
opposing parties vilify each other in today’s political climate. The
problem is that each party spends so much time disparaging the
other party that voters rarely hear politicians presenting their
problem-solving ideas. Which of the following statements would
be the best one to insert after this passage to establish the
speaker’s credibility?
A) A poll sponsored by the Washington Times found that 1 in 3 registered
voters did not know how their current representative in Congress would
vote on infrastructure spending.
B) I’ve been voting since the day I turned 18 and have never seen politics
as dominated by misinformation as it is now.
C) To prepare for this speech, I examined several transcripts from recent
political speeches and found not a single one which went into detail about
any policy issues.
D) Elected officials may be politicians, but in my opinion, they have an
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OER. "Communication
« Saylor.orgon
– Freeissues.
Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY
obligation to inform their constituents ofSaylor
where
they stand
3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
You are giving a speech on Italian performance art. You spent a
month studying Commedia dell'Arte in Italy. You refer to your time
in Italy in your speech, boosting your credibility. This is an
example of
A) credibility from experience.
B) credibility by association.
C) credibility from intelligence.
D) credibility from training.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
You are giving a speech on Italian performance art. You spent a
month studying Commedia dell'Arte in Italy. You refer to your time
in Italy in your speech, boosting your credibility. This is an
example of
A) credibility from experience.
B) credibility by association.
C) credibility from intelligence.
D) credibility from training.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
In order to build credibility, you should
A) entertain potential objections.
B) walk the audience through opposing viewpoints.
C) listen to the needs of the audience.
D) All of these answers.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
In order to build credibility, you should
A) entertain potential objections.
B) walk the audience through opposing viewpoints.
C) listen to the needs of the audience.
D) All of these answers.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
You are government official speaking to an audience of senior
citizens about changes in their government-sponsored health care
benefits. Which of the following would be a good way to establish
your credibility with that audience?
A) Summarize what you know about the audience’s health care concerns
and provide information that addresses those concerns.
B) Begin your speech with a story about your grandmother
C) Describe what your job is and how you were trained to do it
D) Emphasize how the changes will not increase their out-of-pocket
expenses.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
You are government official speaking to an audience of senior
citizens about changes in their government-sponsored health care
benefits. Which of the following would be a good way to establish
your credibility with that audience?
A) Summarize what you know about the audience’s health care concerns
and provide information that addresses those concerns.
B) Begin your speech with a story about your grandmother
C) Describe what your job is and how you were trained to do it
D) Emphasize how the changes will not increase their out-of-pocket
expenses.
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Saylor OER. "Communication « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0
http://www.saylor.org/majors/Communication/
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Ethos is a type of appeal to an audience based on
A) the audience's emotional involvement in the argument.
B) logic and reason.
C) the audience's understanding of a universal morality.
D) the speaker's personal credibility.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Ethos is a type of appeal to an audience based on
A) the audience's emotional involvement in the argument.
B) logic and reason.
C) the audience's understanding of a universal morality.
D) the speaker's personal credibility.
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Methods of Persuasive Speaking
A politician gives a speech during a campaign in which she
misrepresents her past in order to appear more credible. This is
A) ethical. The politician has a right to freedom of speech.
B) unethical. The politician is likely to be found out, so it is too risky.
C) ethical. The audience is responsible for confirming the claims made by
the politician.
D) unethical. The audience should not be lied to about the politican's
experience.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
A politician gives a speech during a campaign in which she
misrepresents her past in order to appear more credible. This is
A) ethical. The politician has a right to freedom of speech.
B) unethical. The politician is likely to be found out, so it is too risky.
C) ethical. The audience is responsible for confirming the claims made by
the politician.
D) unethical. The audience should not be lied to about the politican's
experience.
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Methods of Persuasive Speaking
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Source credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_credibility
• Wikipedia. "credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility
• Wikipedia. "Charlatan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlatan
• Wikibooks. "Rhetoric and Composition/Rhetorical Analysis." CC BY-SA 3.0
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Rhetoric_and_Composition/Rhetorical_Analysis
• Wikipedia. "ethos." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethos
• Wikipedia. "Credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credibility
• Wiktionary. "subjective." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/subjective
• Wiktionary. "Objective." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Objective
• Wikipedia. "credibility." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/credibility
• Wikipedia. "Expertise." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expertise
• Wiktionary. "character." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/character
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