Chapter 2 Population
1.
2.
3.
4.
Key Issues
Where is the worlds population distributed?
Where has the worlds population increased
Why is population increasing at different rates in
different countries?
Why might the world face an over population
problem?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8dkWQ
VFAoA
Key Issue 1- Where is the
Population Distributed?
– Pg 40 cartogram
• demography - The study of population
characteristics
• Geographers look at
– where
– Why
– the scale of population in different regions,
– Why could this be a problem?
Three Reasons for Studying
Population
1. There is more people alive today then any
other time in history
2. The population rate has increased more then
any other time
3. Almost all population growth can be found in
LDC
Earth’s Population History
7 billion reached 2011 (12 years later)
6 billion reached 1999 (12 years later)
5 billion reached 1987 (13 years later)
4 billion reached 1974 (15 years later)
3 billion reached 1959 (29 years later)
2 billion reached 1930 (100 years later)
1 billion reached circa 1830
Source: Kuby, HGIA
Human Population
The collapse of the first civilization on earth, the Summerian, affected only a half a
million. The fall of Rome affected tens of millions. If ours were to fail... it would
bring catastrophe on billions. Directly or indirectly, the human species already
captures nearly 40% of the total biological productivity on land and 70% of the
productivity of the marine environment – the “net primary productivity” of the
planet – for its exclusive use. The rate of increase in human use is about 2% per
year.
•
http://www.greenbergart.com/.Toons/.Toons,%20Environ/PopulationTrain.html
The study of population is important for three
reasons
Population Equation
•
Scale of inquiry- size of your
investigation
– Global vs. Local- LDC’s vs. MDC’s
•
Demographic Accounting
Equation
– Global• P0– size at start
• P1- at end
• B- births during
• D- deaths during
P1=P0+B-D
– Sub- Global
• P0– size at start
• P1- at end
• B- births during
• D- deaths during
• I- Immigrants
• E-emigrants
P1=P0+B-D+I-E
• Immigrant- “I” for
coming in
• Emigrant- “E” for exit
• Why are these not
counted in the Global
Equation?
Population Distribution
• Distribution- the pattern of people across
the earths surface
– Unevenly and around water
• ¾ of the pop lives on 5% of the earths surface
• Ecumene- sustained population
One Billion per Region
World Population Cartogram
Fig. 2-1: This cartogram displays countries by the size of their population rather than
their land area. (Only countries with 50 million or more people are named.)
The World Today:
More Than Seven Billion People
Distribution by Latitude
Source: http://paul.kedrosky.com/archives/2010/08/world_populatio.html
19
Distribution by Longitude
Source: http://paul.kedrosky.com/archives/2010/08/world_populatio.html
20
Global Population:
2/ of the World in
3
4 Major Clusters
• East Asia
– More than 1.5 billion people
– More than 20% of humanity
– About 20% of humanity in
China
– About 50% rural
• South Asia
– More than 1.5 billion people
– About 20% of humanity
– Nearly 20% of humanity in
India
– About 60% rural
• Southeast Asia
– About ½ billion people
– 8% of humanity
– More than 2/3 rural
• Europe
– About ¾ billion people
– 11% of humanity
– About ¾ urban
22
• East Asia
– ¼ the earth population live here
• China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan
– Of this 5/6 of these people live in China
» Over 3/4ths of these inhabitants live in rural areas
– Japanese and Taiwanese 3/4ths live in urban areas
• South Asia
– 1/5th the population lives in India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
• Along the Indus River and the Ganges
– 3/4ths of these people live in rural settings
• Southeast Asia
– 4th largest area of population, Java, Sumatra, Borneo,
Papua New Guinea and the Philippines
– The three Asian regions consist of over half the
worlds population
• Europe
– 3rd largest population cluster, 18th the people on earth
• 3/4ths these people live in the cities
– England, Germany and Belgium hold the highest population
– They do not produce enough agriculture to support their
population where do they get their food?
• Eastern North America
– 2% of the population, located along the
eastern U.S.A. and the southeast Canada
• 95% of these people live in the cities
• Sparsely Populated Regions
– Ecumene- portion of the earth that
permanently populates an area
• People avoid certain areas, Why? What are some
examples?
ECUMENE
• Dry Lands
– 20% of the earth surface, the largest include the Sahara,
Arabian, Thar, Takla Makan, Gobi
• Lack of natural resources, such as what?
• What natural resource do they have?
• Wet Lands
– 50 inches of rain a year, high heat and rain deplete the soil
• Southeast Asia, South America
• Cold Lands
– North and South poles covered in Permafrost
• Cant grow right?
• High lands
– Steep snow covered, Mexico is an exception living about 7,360 ft
above sea level
World Population Distribution & Climate
Zones
Fig. 2-2: World population is unevenly distributed across the earth’s surface.
Climate is one factor that affects population density.
Arithmetic Population Density
Fig. 2-4: Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area.
The highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.
• Population Density
– Number of people occupying land
• Arithmetic Density
– Total # of people divided by land mass
• U.S. has 77 persons per sq. Mile
– This number adjust as you measure different
aspects, Manhattan has about 55,400 per sq.
mile, why?
– This explains the where question
Physiological
Density
Fig. 2-5: Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area. This
is a good measure of the relation between population and agricultural
resources in a society.
• Physiological Density
– Arable land- Farm Land
• # of people supported by Arable land
– U.S. 404 persons per sq mile, Egypt 9073 per sq, shows us
that Egypt must feed more people with this land
Agricultural
Density
• Agricultural Density
– Two places can be similar but their Farming Density
could be different
• The ratio between farmers and the amount of farms
– U.S. has 4 per sq kilo, Egypt has 1401 per sq Kilo
» What can this tell us about technology and where
production is being made