Chapter 6
Geography of China
• China is a land of over
four 1)million square
miles.
• It is home to:
▫ 2)The Gobi Desert
▫ 3)Plateau of Tibet
▫ 4)Huang He River
▫ 5)Yangzi River
▫ 6)Qinling Shandi
The Gobi Desert
• It’s the 7)fifth largest desert
in the 8)world
• It’s the largest 9)arid region
on the Asian continent.
• The desert spans 10)two
countries.
▫ 11)China (north/northwest)
▫ 12)Mongolia (south)
The Gobi Desert
• Gobi means
“13)Waterless Place”
• The climate is very
14)cold
• It rarely 15)snows
• It is located 16)above
sea level
• 17)Rainfall is up to 7.6
inches per year.
The Gobi Desert
• Its a rain
18)shadow
desert
• It 19)suffers
from having
most of its rain
blocked by the
20)Himalayas.
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Gobi
Desert
• Use all the bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Plateau of Tibet
• Located in the
21)southwest of
China.
• It has several
mountain 22)peaks
that reach more than
23)26,000 feet.
Plateau of Tibet
• Sometimes called "the
24)roof of the world"
• It is the 25)highest
and biggest
26)plateau in the
world.
Huang He River
• Also known as the
27)Yellow River
• Its the second-longest
river in 28)China
• The sixth-longest in the
29)world
• It flows through nine
provinces of China and
empties into the
30)Bohai Sea.
Huang He River
• The Yellow River is
called "the 31)cradle
of Chinese
civilization"
• The name Huang He
means “32)river"
• It originates from the
33)Kunlun
Mountains and flows
into the Yellow
34)Sea
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Huang
He River
• Use four bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Yangzi River
• The longest river in 35)Asia
• The 36)third-longest in the
world.
• It flows for 37)3,988 miles
• It starts at the 38)Tibetan
Plateau and empties into the
39)East China Sea
• Its river basin is 40)home to
one-third of China's
41)population.
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Yangzi
River
• Use four bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Qinling Shandi
• This is a
42)mountain
range in the
43)western part
of China.
• It separates
44)northern
China from
45)South China.
Growth of Farming
• Farming began on
the two main rivers:
▫ 46)Huang He
▫ 47)Yangzi
• The major groups
include:
▫ 48)Rice
▫ 49)Wheat
▫ 50)Millet
Development of Other food
Sources
• The 51)Chinese people
developed several other forms
of capturing and
52)collecting food:
▫ 53)Fishing (bow and arrow)
▫ 54)Domesticated Pigs and
Sheep
• These help to 55)advance
and grow the country’s
56)population
Xia the First Dynasty
• Around 57)2200 BC
battles were frequent
between the 58)Xia tribe
and 59)Chi You's tribe.
• The Xia 60)won these
battles.
• 61)Yu the Great was
the first ruler and
founder of the Xia
62)Dynasty.
Xia the First Dynasty
• He is best
63)remembered
for teaching the
people 64)flood
control techniques
to tame China's
rivers and
65)lakes.
Xia Dynasty Achievements
• The dynasty was the first
to:
▫ 66)Irrigate
▫ 67)Cast bronze
▫ 68)Strong army
▫ 69)Created a
calendar
Xia Dynasty Achievements
• There were 13
70)generations and
16 71)kings in Xia
dynasty
• Xia 72)declined
over many years and
was replaced by
73)Shang dynasty
• It existed for 74)400
years
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Xia
Dynasty
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or less words or a
picture
Shang Dynasty
• Following the 75)Xia
Dynasty the Shang
Dynasty became the
second dynasty in
76)Chinese history
• From King 77)Tang to
King 78)Zhou, the Shang
Dynasty lasted:
▫ 79)600 years
▫ 80)30 emperors
Shang Dynasty
• The main crops of the
dynasty included:
▫ 81)Millet
▫ 82)Wheat
▫ 83)Rice
▫ 84)Mulberry
Shang Dynasty
• Industry included:
▫ 85)Bronze making
▫ 86)Large-scale
works
▫ 87)Invented
porcelain
▫ Improved 88)pottery
and 89)jade making
techniques
Shang Dynasty
• 90)Social order become more
organized under this dynasty.
• China’s first 91)writing system
• Created Jade items:
▫ 92)Axes
▫ 93)Knives
• They developed:
▫ 94)Bronze body armor
▫ 95)War Chariots
▫ 96)Calendar based on cycles of the
moon
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Shang Dynasty
• Use four bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
The New Ideas of the Zhou
• A people named the
97)Zhou came to
power in 98)1050 BC
• This dynasty became
known as the Zhou
99)Dynasty
• It lasted until 100)400
BC
• It’s the 101)longest
dynasty in Chinese
history.
The New Ideas of the Zhou
• The kings of the empire
claimed that 102)heaven
gave them their power
• They established a new
103)political order:
▫ 104)Kings
▫ 105)Lords and Warriors
▫ 106)Peasants
The New Ideas of the Zhou
• The system allowed
107)China to be under
control
• The 108)Lords would
help keep the far
reaching 109)areas
under the dynasty
Three parts of Zhou
• The Dynasty is
divided into three
periods:
▫ 110)Western Zhou
▫ 111)Eastern Zhou
▫ 112)Late Zhou
Western Zhou
• The period was the 113)first
half of the Zhou Dynasty
• It began when King 114)Wu
of Zhou overthrew the
115)Shang Dynasty
• The dynasty was successful
for about 116)seventy-five
years and then slowly lost
117)power
Western Zhou
• King Wu 118)died two or
three years after the
119)conquest.
• His son, King 120)Cheng
was young
• King Wu’s 121)brother
assisted the young and
122)inexperienced king
as 123)regent.
Western Zhou
• The young kings
124)brothers
concerned about the
growing 125)power
of the uncle formed
an 126)alliance with
other regional rulers
and remnants in a
127)rebellion
Confucius
• Born in 128)551 BC
• The most 129)influential
teacher is Chinese history
• The 130)philosophy of
Confucius emphasized:
▫ Personal and governmental
131)morality
▫ 132)Correctness of social
relationships
▫ 133)Justice
▫ 134)Sincerity
Confucianism
• His ideas become known
as 135)Confucianism
• He wanted 136)China to
return to ideas and
practices when people
knew their 137)roles in
society
• He 138)traveled China
teaching his ideas to the
139)people
Confucianism
• A 140)book was written
by his followers named
the 141)Analects sharing
his beliefs
• His 142)students would
use this book to teach
others about his
143)philosophy
Daoism
• The term Daoism
means “144)the
way”
• It is also spelled
145)Taoism
• 146)Laozi was the
most famous Daoist
147)teacher
Daoism
• This 148)belief stressed
living in harmony with
the 149)universe
• They believed that
150)people should
avoid interfering with
151)nature
Daoism
• They taught that the world
is a 152)balance of
opposites:
▫ 153)Female vs Male
▫ 154)Light vs Dark
▫ 155)Low vs High
• They both have to work
together to stay in
156)harmony with the
world
Legalism
• This is a Chinese
157)philosophy that
emphasizes the need for order
above all other 158)human
concerns
• Legalists believed that
159)government could only
work if rulers were not deceived
by 160)impossible ideals such
as:
▫ 161)Tradition
▫ 162)Humanity
Legalism
• They 163)believe that attempts to
improve the human 164)situation
by education and morals were
165)useless.
• Instead 166)people needed a
strong 167)government
• A carefully devised code of 168)law
• A 169)police force that would
stringently and 170)impartially
enforce these rules and 171)punish
harshly even the most 172)minor
infractions
Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• Several 173)states battled for
control of the country during
a period called 174)Warring
States
• The state of 175)Qin defeated
all of its 176)enemies
• The Qin united the
177)country under one
178)government
Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• The King was
179)Ying Zheng
• He changed his name
to 180)Shi Huangdi
which means “First
Emperor”
• He was a 181)legalist
• His government was
strong with 182)strict
laws and harsh
183)punishments
Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• He ordered 184)burning of
all writing that did not agree
with 185)Legalism
• He took away the power of
the 186)lords
• He required them to move to
the 187)capital city
• He used 188)force labor on
the citizens to get
189)projects done
Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• The 190)country was divided
into 191)districts
• Each one had a 192)governor
• The districts were divided into
193)counties
• Each one was ran by a appointed
194)official
• This was used to enforce
195)taxes and keep a tight
196)control of the districts
Qin Achievements
• Roads that
197)connected the
capital to every part of the
198)country
• Advanced 199)Canal
System
• Advanced 200)Irrigation
System
• Worked on the 201)Great
Wall
End of the Qin
• Shi Huangdi 202)died in
210 BC
• Within a few years the
country 203)fell into a civil
war ending the first dynasty
of 204)China
• His tomb was recovered in
205)1974
End of the Qin
• It was filled with an
206)army of soldiers
made of 207)terracotta
• They found over
208)6,000 life size
soldiers and another
1,400 figures of
209)cavalry and
210)chariots
Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
• 211)Liu Bang a peasant from
birth
• Takes over after the
212)collapse of the Qin’s in 207
BC
• He was the first 213)emperor
of the dynasty
• This dynasty will last for over
214)400 years
Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
• Liu Bang freed people
from the 215)legalism
of the past
• He lowered 216)taxes
and lessened
217)punishments for
crimes
• He relied on
218)education
officials to help
219)rule the region
Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
• He died in
220)195BC from
natural causes
• Liu Bang was
221)immortalized
as Emperor
222)Gao-Di.
Rise of Wudi
• 223)Wudi was the
seventh emperor of
the Han Dynasty
• He 224)ruled from
141 to 87 BC
• Wudi inherited
225)imperial power
when he was 226)15
Rule of Wudi
• Under Wudi
227)Confucianism
became an official
government
228)philosophy
• He started a Confucian
229)Academy
Rule of Wudi
• Those who 230)passed a
test about Confucian
political philosophy were
231)guaranteed a job in
government
• This test was
232)corrupt and only the
rich and 233)powerful
were allowed to even take
the 234)exam
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Wudi
• Use all of the
bubbles
• Make sure to use 4
or less words or a
picture
Han Social Classes
• Under the Confucian
system people were
divided into four groups:
▫ Shi – 235)Gentry
Scholars
▫ Nong – 236)Peasant
Farmers
▫ Gong – 237)Artisans
and Craftsmen
▫ Shang – 238)Merchants
and Traders
Shi-Gentry Scholars
• This class was made of
239)aristocratic
scholars
• They studied in order to
240)occupy positions of
rank
• Scholars were never very
241)rich, but they were
respected because of their
242)knowledge
Nong – Peasant Farmers
• Farmers were
243)second only to
gentry scholars
• They were
244)landholders
• 245)Agriculture
long played a key role
in the rise of Chinese
246)civilization
Nong – Peasant Farmers
• They paid land
247)tax, which was a
source of state
248)revenue for the
ruling dynasties
• Farmers were
therefore
249)valuable
members of society
even though they
weren’t 250)shi
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Nong
• Use all of the
bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• This class had
251)skills to make
useful objects
• Most of them did not
have 252)land of their
own and so did not
generate the
253)revenue
Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• They
254)commanded
more respect than
merchants because
the skills they had
were handed
255)down from
father to 256)son
Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• They could be
257)government
employed or 258)self
employed
• Those that were most
259)successful could
become wealthy enough
to hire 260)apprentices
or laborers
• The artisans formed their
own 261)guilds
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Gong
• Use all of the
bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Shang – Merchants and Traders
• Transported and
262)traded goods
made by others
• Sometimes
263)merchants
bought land in order
to be considered
264)farmers and
therefore command
more 265)respect in
society
Shang – Merchants and Traders
• Some would buy a good
266)education for their
children so that they
could attain the status of
267)scholars
• This class was the
268)lowest class in the
society
• People believed they
were 269)greedy and
270)immoral
Mind Map
• Your Topic is
Shang
• Use all of the
bubbles
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or less words or a
picture
Han Achievements
• Many works of art were
produced
▫ 271)Figure painting
▫ 272)Portraits
▫ 273)Nature scenes
• Han Literature included:
▫ 274)Poetry
▫ 275)Historical writings
Han Achievements
• Inventions of the
dynasty included:
▫ 276)Modern Paper
▫ 277)Books
• Innovations of the
dynasty included:
▫ 278)Sundial
▫ 279)Seismograph
▫ 280)Acupuncture
Mind Map
• Your Topic is Han
Achievements
• Use four bubbles
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or less words or a
picture