E2813 v4
Guo Huan Ping Zheng A [2702]
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical
Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Environmental Impact Report
(For Examination and Approval)
Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Protection
October 2011
Compiler:
Hunan Provincial Research Institute of Environmental Protection
Certificate No.:
Guo Huan Ping Zheng A [2702]
Legal Representative:
Ma Chao
Project Manager:
Xiang Renjun (Registered EIA Engineer A27020020300)
RegistrationCategory:
Textile and Light Industry
Compiling Team:
Name List of Compiling Team
Name
Post
License No.
Task Assigned
Xiang Renjun
Researcher
Registered EIA Engineer
(A2702020020300)
Engineering
analysis
Registered EIA Engineer
A27020261600
Final Report,
analysis of
atmosphere
environmental
impact
Peng Chao
Senior Engineer
Li Caiyan
Cheng Yi
Report examination:
Engineer
Engineer
Huang Ping Gang Zheng Zi
No.A27020075
Analysis of noise
environmental
impact, public
participation
Huang Ping Gang Zheng Zi
No.A27020067
Environmental
status, analysis of
water
environmental
impact
Liu Jiawen (Registered EIA Engineer A27020060400)
Signature
Table of Contents
1
OVERVIEW
1
1.1
Project Background
1
1.2
Compilation Basis
2
1.3
EIA Goals and Principles
5
1.4
EIA Classification and Scope
6
1.5
Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment
8
1.6
Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points
9
2
ANALYSIS OF SUBSTITUTION PLAN AND TECHNOLOGY REFORM PROJECT
18
2.1
Pre-Reform Overview
18
2.2
Analysis of Technology Reform Project
51
2.3
Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and after Technology Reform
70
2.4
Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental Protection
Policies
72
3
REGIONAL OVERVIEWS
74
3.1
Basic Facts of National Environment
74
3.2
Overview of Social Environment
80
4
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT
83
4.1
Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment
83
4.2
Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment
93
4.3
Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment
111
4.4
Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality
112
5
THE PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
115
5.1
The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction
115
5.2
The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation Stage
118
6
MEASURES TO MITIGATE IMPACT
125
6.1
Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period
125
6.2
Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water during Operation Period
127
6.3
Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during Operation Period
129
6.4
Mesures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation Period
129
6.5
Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation Period
130
7
ASSESSEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK
133
7.1
Risk Assessment Level
133
7.2
Environmental Risk Identification
135
7.3
Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences
150
7.4
Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk
154
7.5
Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents
160
7.6
Risk Assessment Conclusion
165
8
CLEANER PRODUCTION, STANDARDIZED EMISSION AND TOTAL AMOUNT CONTROL
167
8.1
Cleaner Production
167
8.2
Standardized Emission
172
9
ANALYSIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ECONOMIC COST BENEFIT
175
9.1
Analysis on Economic Benefits
175
9.2
Environmental Benefits Analysis
176
10
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
177
10.1
Purpose and Role of Public Participation
177
10.2
Mode and Content of Public Participation
177
10.3
Objects of the Investigation
182
10.4
Statistics of the Investigation Results
182
10.5
Analysis on Public Opinion
190
10.6
Statistics and Analysis of Group Opinions
190
11
PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
191
11.1
Enterprise Environmental Management
191
11.2
Monitoring Plan
191
12
ANALYSIS ON THE COMPATIBILITY WITH RELATED INDUSTRIAL POLICIES AND
RATIONALITY OF THE SITE SELECTION AND POSITION
195
12.1
Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Planning
195
12.2
Environmental State and Environmental Impact of the Project
198
12.3
Analysis on the Rationality of the Plan Layout
198
13
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
200
13.1
Survey of the Project
200
13.2
Analysis of the Project
200
13.3
State of the Environment
200
13.4
Environmental Feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction
201
13.5
Conclusion on Overall Assessment
203
13.6
Recommendations
204
Map 1: Location of the Project Site
Map 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites
Map 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
1 Overview
1.1 Project Background
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd was initially a plant named Hunan Yueyang Forest
& Paper Co., Ltd Plant established in 1958, and it was initiated and founded by Hunan
Tiger Forest & Paper (formerly Yueyang Forest & Paper) Group Co., Ltd in September
2009 as approved by Hunan Provincial People’s Government in The “Official Reply of
Hunan Provincial People’s Government Concerning the Consent of the Establishment of
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” (Xiang Zheng Han [2000] 149).
The Company is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, a place called
Sanjiangkou at Chenglingji, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River , also
next to two 5,000-T foreign trade docks. The land and water traffic is well developed with
the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the west corridor to the
vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway,
Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107.
The Company’s core business is the production and distribution of cultural and
printing paper, mainly including 30 types of products in five categories: light-weight
coating paper (LWC), pigment offset paper, colorful supercalender paper, light-weight
printing paper, etc. that are extensively used for the printing of high-end books and
magazines. The well-known brand has gained a reputation in China, the series products of
“Yueyanglou” pigment offset paper has won the “National Golden Prize” and the title of
“National Consumer Satisfaction Product”. “Tiger·Ya” LWC paper and “Tiger·Ya” offset
paper have won the title of “Hunan Famous Brand Product”. In 2000, the Company passed
the ISO9001-2000 International Quality System certification; in January 2006, the
Company succeeded in the “Triad System” certification, i.e., ISO9001-2000 Quality
System, ISO14001 Environmental Management System, GB/T28001 Occupational Health
and Safety Management System.
The area near Dongtinghu Lake, where Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located,
has abundant resources that may be used as raw material for paper making, such as
populus euramevicana, pinus massonoana, pinus elliottii engelm, dioscorea villosa and
bamboo. By implementing the State Council’s policy of “Conversion of Farmland to
Lakes and Forests” and adhering to the principle of “Forestry-Paper Integration”, the
Company has successfully realized 863,700mu forest plantation and developed a benign
circulation of “Mutual Development of Forestation and Papermaking”, which has won
itself the title of “Dragon Enterprise” of forest industry in Hunan Province. Based on its
strong capability of technology R&D, the Company has taken the lead in China in
developing a series of new products, such as 45g/m2 low-basis-weight high-quality color
printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating
paper, light-weight printing paper and pigment offset paper, in which high-quality color
printing newsprint, refined high-whiteness color printing newsprint, light-weight coating
paper and light-weight printing paper have respectively won the title of “National Key
New Product”. The Project of “Populus Euramevicana APMP New Technology of Pulp
Making and Application” won the second prize of “2003 National Science and
Technology Progress”; in recent years, a series of above-provincial-level key technology
invention programs have been implemented, by the end of 2006, the Company has
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
developed 3 national-level new products and 20 provincial-level new products; the
Company has applied for 26 patent rights, in which 15 have won national patent rights; the
Company has also won 1 national prize of science and technology progress and 6
provincial and ministerial prize of science and technology progress. The Company’s
current production capacity is 570,000t/a, including 7 production lines for producing 4
types of pulp: bleached wood pulp, bleached reed pulp, aspen bleached chemi-mechanical
pulp and deinked pulp. In addition, the Company is capable of producing 800,000t/a paper
by using the self-produced pulp and purchased pulp board, such as newsprint,
low-basis-weight coating paper and pigment offset paper, with corresponding facilities of
alkali recovery system and co-generation unit.
The productivity of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd’s reed pulp making unit is
180t/d, a traditional sulfate intermittent cooking process, and the bleaching system is an
outdated process of element-chlorine- containing bleaching that produces large amount of
wastewater containing chlorinated organic compounds (AOX), which has not only caused
high-volume wastewater discharge per unit product, the high content of inorganic and
organic substances is also a problem: much higher content of AOX than the index of
newly added pollutants control, a standard of environmental protection control that is to be
implemented in the near future. In order to meet the standard, the Company is planning to
conduct technology reform for the bleaching unit, i.e., to eliminate the existing production
line of chlorine gas bleaching and replace CEH bleaching by ECF bleaching. After the
Project construction, the concentration of organic compounds in the wastewater from the
pulp bleaching process shall be reduced significantly, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
shall realize the development in a way of high level, low consumption and small pollution.
The goal of the Project construction is to prevent and reduce the generation of pollutants
from the source and reduce the need of external treatment, so as to realize the reduction of
the production cost and cleaner production.
According to the “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”,
the “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the
“Regulation on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection” ,
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd consigned Hunan Provincial Research Institute of
Environmental Protection to fulfill the task of environmental impact assessment of the
“Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd” and compile the Environmental Impact Report. The
Institute accepted the consignment and conducted onsite investigation and collected data
related the Project’s technology reform. As required, the Task Force conducted
environmental quality survey and invited public participation in the investigation, the
Environmental Impact Report has been finished based on the relevant data collected by the
Task Force.
1.2 Compilation Basis
1.2.1 Applicable Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations
1. “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (December
26, 1989)
2. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Water Pollution” (revised on September 5, 2007)
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
3. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (December 29, 2004)
4. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000)
5. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Environmental Noise Pollution” (March 1, 1997)
6. “Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Nature Reserves” (October
9, 1994)
7. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Wild Animals”
(November 8, 1988)
8.
“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Land Administration” ( August 29,
1998)
9. “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil and Water Conservation”
(June 29, 1991)
10
“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Energy Conservation” (January 1,
1998)
11. “Implementation Rules of the ‘Law of the People’s Republic of China on
Prevention and Control of Water Pollution’” (State Council Order No. 284)
12 “Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PRC
President Order 72, June 29, 2002)
13. “Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China”
(PRC President Order No. 77, October 28, 2002)
14. “Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental
Protection” (State Council Order No. 253)
15. “Decision of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning Environmental
Protection” (GuoFa [1996] 31)
16. “Classified Catalogue for Construction Project Environmental Protection”
(SEPA Order No. 14, October 13, 2002)
17. “The ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2010 Special Plan for National Forestry-Paper
Integration Construction” (2004)
18. “The Outline of the ‘10th Five-Year Plan’ and 2015 Planning” by the State
Administration of Forestry
19. “The Overall Plan for Key Area Construction Project of Fast-Growing &
High-Yielding Forest Base” by the State Administration of Forestry
20. “Notification of Several Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Material
Forest Base for Paper Industry” (SPC General Office [2001] 141, State Planning
Commission, Ministry of Finance, State Administration of Forestry)
21. “Opinion on Strengthening the Work of Industry Water Conservation” by State
Economic and Trade Commission and other five ministries (SETC Resource [2000] 1015,
October 25, 2000)
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
22. “Guiding Catalogues for Adjustment of Industry Structure (2011)”
23. “Paper Industry Development Policy” (NDRC Bulletin [2007] 71)
24. The State Council’s “Decision on Implementing Scientific Outlook on
Development and Strengthening Environmental Protection” (GuoFa [2005] 39)
25. “The Notice on Strengthening EIA Management and Preventing
Environmental Risks” by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (HuanFa [2005] 152)
26. “The Notice on Printing and Distributing ‘Special Action Plan of Pollution
Control for Hunan Province Paper Industry’” (XiangZhengBanMingDian [2007]208)
27. “The Notice of Hunan Provincial Economic Commission on Printing and
Distributing the ‘11th Five-Year Plan of Structural Adjustment for Hunan Province Paper
Industry’” (HNEC Investment [2009] 12)
28. The Notification on the Publication of the Tenth Batch of Projects (Paper
Manufacturers) for Undertaking Environmental Pollution Treatment Within a Prescribed
Limitsof Time” (XiangHuanFa [2009] 37)
29. “Yueyang City Overall Urban Planning” (2003-2020)
30. “Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (State
Council Order No. 344, January 26, 2002)
31. “The Implementation Rules of the ‘Regulations on the Safety Administration
of Dangerous Chemicals’” (HuaLaoFa [1992] 6777)
32. “OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment for the World Bank Business Policies
and Procedures”
1.2.2 Technical Basis
1. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---General Rules”
(HJ/T2.1-1993)
2. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Atmospheric
Environment” (HJ/T2.2-2008)
3. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water
Environment (HJ/T2.1-1993)
4. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic
Environment (HJ/T2.4-2009)
5. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Ecological
Impact” (HJ19-2011)
6. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment of Construction
Project” (HJ/T169-2004)
7. “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Groundwater
Environment” (HJ610-2011)
8. “Provisional Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact
Assessment” (HuanFa [2006] 26)
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
9. “Assessment Index System of Cleaner Production for Paper Industry” (NDRC
[2006] 87)
10 “Papermaking Products---National Standard for Water Consumption Quota”
11. “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)
12 “Hunan Province Management Measures for Auto Monitoring of Pollution
Sources” (Hunan Provincial Government Order No. 203)
13. “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”, World Bank
Group
1.2.3 Relevant Documents
1. “Feasibility Research Report of the Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production
Technology Reform for Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry
Changsha Engineering Company;
2. “Official Reply to the Environmental Impact Report of the Project of
400,000t/a Mechanical-Pulp-Containing Offset Paper Production by Yueyang Forest &
Paper Co., Ltd”, Hunan EPB, XiangHuanPing [2008] 66);
3. “The Project of Reed Pulp Cleaner Production Technology Reform for
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd”, China Light Industry Changsha Engineering
Company”, China Light Industry Environmental Protection Research Institute, October
2006)
4. Official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau
concerning the standard for the Project’s environmental impact assessment;
5. Assessment Consignment Letter and Contract;
6. Other relevant documents provided by the construction contractor.
1.3 EIA Goals and Principles
1.3.1 EIA Goals
Based on the collected existing data and the current situation and the characteristics
of the environment of the Project area through onsite investigation and monitoring, as well
as the relevant techniques, pollutants generation points and the situation of pollutants
emission after commissioning obtained through data analysis and similar project survey,
the fundamental analysis on the Project’s environmental impact assessment shall be
conducted for predicting the degree and scope of environmental impact on the peripheral
environment caused by the production activities after the Project construction, so as to
certify whether the Project construction complies with the national environmental
protection policies and testify the environmental practicability of the Project and the
feasibility and reasonability of the environmental protection measures, based on which the
recommendations for pollution prevention, control and reduction shall be proposed and
the design of environmental protection measures and environmental management shall be
conducted.
1.3.2 EIA Principles
1. Implement the principles of “Cleaner Production”, “Source Control” and
“Environment Friendly” in conducting the Project analysis, so as to eliminate the
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
generation and emission of pollutants. Implement the principles of “Up-to-Standard
Emission” and “Aggregate Pollutants Control” based on the applicable regulations on the
management of engineering environmental protection;
2. Through Project analysis, material balance analysis and water balance analysis,
calculate the amount of pollutants emission and propose environmental protection
measures that are technically practical and economically reasonable, in addition, based on
up-to-standard emission and aggregate pollutants control, conduct prediction on
environmental impacts and analysis on the degree and scope of environmental impacts
caused by the technology reform engineering, so as to provide explicit EIA conclusions on
the Project’s offsite technology reform.
1.4 EIA Classification and Scope
1.4.1 Classification and Scope of Ambient Air Assessment
According to the Project analysis, the technology reform is to be conducted on the
bleaching process of the reed pulp making system without any need for increasing the
thermal load, since the Company’s Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the
thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, so there is no addition of
thermal supply and coal consumption. Meanwhile, the technology reform is to be
conducted on the existing Bleaching Unit of the Reed Pulp Making Room, the Project
construction will not cause generation of atmospheric pollutants, therefore, the assessment
on the ambient air shall be a general assessment.
The EIA scope of atmospheric environment is: an area of 3×3km2 around the Reed
Pulp Making Room with the dominating wind direction as the main axis.
1.4.2 Assessment Level and Scope of Water Environment
1. Surface Water
The wastewater generated is mainly from the Reed Pulp Making Room and Oxygen
Preparation Unit, after the technology reform of the Reed Pulp Making System, the
genertion of wastewater from the whole Plant shall be 85956.8m3/d, to be discharged after
being treated at the Sewage Treatmetn Station to remove the pollution factors such as
COD, BOD5 and SS. According to the regulations of the “Guidelines” (HJ/T2.3-93), the
impact assessment level of water environment is illustrated in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1
Classification of Impact Assessment Level of Water Environment
Item
Wastewater
Content
discharge
Qp
Pollution
wastewater
degree
Classification Result
85956.8m3/d
20000≤Qp
Pollutant type: Type 1
Simple
Yangtze River
Major river
of
(water
quality)
Size
pollutants-containing
of
water
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Quality requirement for
surface water
EIA level
Accorinding to GB3838-2002
Type III
Based on HJ/T2.3-93 Guidelines for
Level II
According to the principles for assessment level classification as specified in the
“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment---Surface Water
Environment”, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level II.
Assessment scope of water environment: 0.5km upstream and 10km downstream to the
wastewater outlets of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd along Yangtze River, 10.5km in
total.
2. Groundwater
According to the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact
Assessment---Groundwater Environment” (HJ610-2011), the Project is located in a
non-sensitive area of groundwater environment, The anti-pollution performance of the
unsaturated zone of the Project site is medium, the aquifer is not easy to get polluted, the
wastewater discharge ≥100,000,000m3/d, the volume of wastewater discharged is high and
the complexity of the water quality is medium, the Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.
1.4.3 Assessment Level and Scope of Acoustic Environment
The acoustic environment impact during the Project construction period is mainly
the noise caused by mechanical operation and vehicle driving, and the impact during the
Project commissioning is mainly from equipment noise. The acoustic function zone within
the scope of the Project impact is classified as Type 3 Zone according to the Standard of
GB3096-2008, the influenced population after the Project construction is minor, and the
increase of noise is less than 3dB(A) compared to the value monitored previous to the
construction. According to applicable regulations as specified in the “Technical Guideline
for Environmental Impact Assessment---Acoustic Environment” (HJ/T2.4-1995), the
Project’s EIA is classified as Level III.
Assessment scope of acoustic environment: within 1m along the Plant boundary.
1.4.4 Level and Scope of Risk Assessment
1.
Assessment Level
According to the method specified in the “Technical Guideline for Environmental
Risk Assessment of Construction Project” (HJ/T169-2004) and the “Identification of
Major Sources of Hazardous Chemicals” (GB18218-2009), the materials stored in the
storehouses and being used at the production lines have not reached the critical volume of
reserve, i.e., ∑qi/Qi=0.1<1, which means there is no major source of risks existing in the
production facilities. The Project is located within the Plant area and it is not a sensitive
zone, therefore the assessment of environmental risks is classified as Level II.
2.
Assessment Scope
The scope of risk assessment of atmospheric environment is defined as an area with a
radius of 3km centered around the Project construction.
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
1.5 Key Tasks and Methods for Environmental Impact Assessment
1.5.1 Key Tasks for Environmental Impact Assessment
According to the characteristics of pollutants emission caused by the Project
construction and the Plant area environment, the key tasks for the environmental impact
assessment include:
1. Investigate the situation of water pollutants discharge from the existing project and
define the relationship between the technology reform project and the existing project,
calculate the source intensity based on pulp-water balance. Based on the prediction of
water environment impact and the demand of cleaner production and regional aggregate
pollutants discharge, optimize the measures of water pollution control, so as to realize an
increase of production without causing pollution increase;
2. Conduct assessment of cleaner paper production;
3. Conduct analysis on the coordination between the Project construction and the
regional loading capacity of resources and environment.
1.5.2 Assessment Methods
The methods adopted in the Project’s environmental impact assessment include data
collection and analysis, onsite investigation and test and analogy analysis, the relevant
guidelines have been strictly followed for providing complete and detailed information
and making effective measures and feasible recommendations, so as to provide necessary
support, reference and guidance to the continuous and long term development of the
Industry Park. Specifically, the EIA methods used for the Project are as follows:
1. Conduct all-around investigation on the environmental situation and pay
attention to the universality and representativeness of the investigation content.
2. Conduct complete and deepening investigation on the existing project and
certify the situation of pollutants emission and treatment based on the monitoring of the
pollution sources, so as to discover and illustrate the existing problems.
3. Estimate the situation of pollutants emission from the Project construction
based on the data on similar projects and detailed project analysis and conduct
comparative analysis on the situation of pollutants emission related to the existing project
and the technology reform project.
4. Conduct prediction on the environmental impacts by using the mode
recommended in the “Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment” and
ensure the correct and reliable prediction results.
5. Based on the methods recommended in the Guidelines and the benchmark for
regionalization of environmental functions and environmental quality at concerned points,
define the environmental capacity and aggregate pollutants control needed for the
Company development and propose the pollution control plan.
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
1.6 Environmental Protection Goals and Sensitive Points
1.6.1 Environmental Protection Goals
Environmental protection goals for the Project of technology reform are listed in
Table 1-2.
Table 1-2
No.
Environmental Protection Goals
Item
Environmental Protection Goals
1
Eco-environment
Protect the ecological functions of the Project area as well as the
important targets of ecological protection, such as nature reserves and
biodiversity, etc., there is no existence of nature reserves within the
assessment scope.
2
Water environment
Ensure the water quality of the receiving water (Yangtze River) meet the
function requirement
3
Atmospheric
environment
Protect the residential areas, schools and villages inside the assessment
area
4
Acoustic
environment
Ensure the noise monitored at the Plant boundary meet the requirement
for functional zones
1.6.2 Environmental Sensitive Points
The environmental sensitive points of the technology reform Project are listed in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3
Item
Main Environmental Sensitive Points of the Project
Environmental
Protection Target
Relative Position
and Distance
Size
Remarks
Residential area of
Yueyang Forest &
Paper Co., Ltd
Residential area,
3,000 households,
14,000 people
S, 1km
Residential area of
Huaneng Yueyang
Ambient air Power Plant
Residential area,
1,500 households,
6,000 people
E, 1.5km
Songyanghu Farm
Residential area,
2,000 households,
10,000 people
NE, 6km
Yueyanglou
Scenic spot
SW, 9.5km
GB3095-96, Type I zone
Water
Yangtze River
environment
--
W, 100m
GB3838-2002, Type III
zone
Acoustic
Residential area of
environment Yueyang Forest &
Residential area,
3,000 households,
S, 1km
GB3096-93, Type III zone
9
GB3095-96, Type II zone
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Item
Environmental
Protection Target
Paper Co., Ltd
Relative Position
and Distance
14,000 people
Residential area of
Huaneng Yueyang
Power Plant
Residential area,
1,500 households,
6,000 people
Size
E, 1.5km
Remarks
GB3096-93, Type III zone
1.7 Assessment Standards
1.7.1 Assessment Standard of Environmental Quality
1.7.1.1 Quality Standard for Ambient Air
The emission of SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP shall implement the “Quality Standard for
Ambient Air” (GB3095-1996) and the Amendment List (January 6, 2000), i.e., Level II
standard for the Project area and Level I standard for the area around Yueyanglou; the
emission of H2S and NH3 shall implement the standard specified in Table 1 of the
“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010), i.e., the maximum
limitsfor the concentration of hazardous substances in the air above residential area. The
limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4 LimitsValue of Quality Standard for Ambient Air
LimitsValue of Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Pollutant
Period
Basis
Level I
Standard
Annual
average,
SO2
daily average,
Level II
Standard
0.02
0.05
0.15
0.06
0.15
0.50
0.08
0.12
0.20
0.30
0.04
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.24
hourly average
TSP
Annual
average,
daily average
PM10
Annual
average,
“Quality Standard for
Ambient Air”
(GB3095-1996) and the
Amendment List
daily average
Annual
average,
NO2
daily average,
hourly average
H2S
Once
“Sanitary Standard for
0.01
10
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
NH3
Once
Design of Industrial
Enterprise”
(GBZ1-2010), maximum
limitsfor the
concentration of
hazardous substances in
the air above residential
area
0.20
1.7.1.2 Quality Standard for Surface Water
The receiving water of the Project construction is the Yangtze River, according to
“Hunan Province Regionalization of Surface Water Environmental Functions for Major
Water Systems” and the Amendment List I (April 2, 2007), the assessment of the water
quality of Yangtze River shall implement the Type III standard as specified in the “Quality
Standard for Surface Water Environment” (GB3838-2002), the limitsvalues are listed in
Table 1-5.
Table 1-5
Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002)
LimitsValue (mg/L, except for pH value)
Monitoring Item
Type II
Type III
The variation of ambient water temperature
caused by human activities should be limited at:
Water temperature (℃)
Maximum weekly temperature increase ≤1
Maximum weekly temperature decrease≤2
pH value (no dimension)
6~9
Dissolved oxygen ≥
6
5
COD ≤
15
20
Permanganate index ≤
4
6
BOD5 ≤
3
4
NH3-N ≤
0.5
1.0
Total nitrogen (reservoirs, lakes, calculated as
“N”)
0.5
1.0
Total phosphor (calculated as “P”) ≤
0.1
(lakes
reservoirs, 0.025)
Oils
0.05
0.05
Sulfide
0.1
0.2
Cyanide ≤
0.05
0.2
11
and
0.2
(lakes
reservoirs, 0.05)
and
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
LimitsValue (mg/L, except for pH value)
Monitoring Item
Type II
Type III
Volatile phenol ≤
0.002
0.005
As ≤
0.05
0.05
Hg ≤
0.00005
0.0001
Cr(6) ≤
0.05
0.05
Cu ≤
1.0
1.0
Pb ≤
0.01
0.05
Cd ≤
0.005
0.005
1.7.1.3 Quality Standard for Groundwater
The quality assessment of groundwater shall implement the Level III standard as
specified in the “Quality Standard for Groundwater” (GB/T14848-93), used as the
benchmark for human health in the assessment of collective sources of drinking water and
industrial and agricultural water. The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-6.
Table 1-6
LimitsValues for Groundwater Quality
Item
Type I
Type II
Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)
Type III
Type IV
Type V
5.5～6.5
pH
<5.5, >9
6.5～8.5
8.5～9
NH3-H
≤0.02
≤0.02
≤0.2
≤0.5
>0.5
Nitrate
≤2.0
≤5.0
≤20
≤30
>30
Nitrite
≤0.001
≤0.01
≤0.02
≤0.1
>0.1
Volatile
phenol
(calculated as phenol)
≤0.001
≤0.001
≤0.002
≤0.01
>0.01
Cyanide
≤0.001
≤0.01
≤0.05
≤0.1
>0.1
As
≤0.005
≤0.01
≤0.05
≤0.05
>0.05
Hg
≤0.00005
≤0.0005
≤0.001
≤0.001
>0.001
Cr6+
≤0.005
≤0.01
≤0.05
≤0.1
>0.1
Total rigidity (calculated
as CaCO3)
≤150
≤300
≤450
≤550
>550
Pb
≤0.005
≤0.01
≤0.05
≤0.1
>0.1
Fluoride
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤2.0
>2.0
Cd
≤0.0001
≤0.001
≤0.01
≤0.01
>0.01
12
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Item
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Fe
≤0.1
≤0.2
≤0.3
≤1.5
>1.5
Mn
≤0.05
≤0.05
≤0.1
≤1.0
>1.0
Soluble total solid
≤300
≤500
≤1000
≤2000
>2000
Permanganate index
≤1.0
≤2.0
≤3.0
≤10
>10
Sulfate
≤50
≤150
≤250
≤350
>350
Chloride
≤50
≤150
≤250
≤350
>350
Total coli group
≤3.0
≤3.0
≤3.0
≤100
>100
1.7.1.4 Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment
The Plant area, where the technology reform is going to be conducted, is located in
the industrial area, the assessment of the acoustic environment around the Plant boundary
shall implement the Level III standard as specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic
Environment” (GB3096-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-7.
Table 1-7
Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment
Unit: Leq[dB(A)]
Type
Daytime
Nighttime
III
65
55
1.7.2 Standard for Pollutants Emission
1.7.2.1 Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants
1. Self-provided Thermal Power Station
The assessment of waste gas emission from the incineration in 1#, 2#, 3# and 4#
Boilers shall implement the “Requirement for Phase II Emission Control of Coal-Fired
Boilers in Built and Planned Urban Areas At or Above County Level Concerning
‘Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants”
(GB13223-2003). The assessment of emission of waste gas from the two sets of 260t/h
Boilers shall implement Phase III Emission Standard for Coal-Fired Boilers. The
limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-8.
13
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 1-8
“Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant” Phase III
Coal-Fire Boiler
Maximum Allowed Concentration of Pollutants Emission (mg/m3) Blackness Degree
of Flue Gas
Period
Phase II
Implementation
Jan 1, 2005
Period
Jan 1, 2010
Jan 1, 2015
Jan 1, 2004
Dust
200
50
50
50
SO2
1200
1200
400
400
NOx
650
650
650
2.
(Lingerman
Blackness,
Grading)
Phase III
Jan 1, 2004
1.0
450 (Vdaf>20%)
Alkali Recovery Boiler
The assessment of waste gas from the Alkali Recovery Boiler shall implement the
Level II standard as specified in Table 2 of the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of
Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-9.
Table 1-9
Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants (Table 2), Level II
Pollutant
Maximum Allowed
Concentration of Pollutants
Emission (mg/m3)
Emission Rate at 80m
Chimney (kg/h)
Dust
120
151
SO2
550
110
NOx
240
31
3. Particulates
The assessment of particulates emission shall implement the Level II standard as
specified in the “Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants”
(GB16297-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-10.
Table 1-10
“Comprehensive Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants”, Level II
Pollutant
Maximum Allowed
Concentration of
Pollutants Emission
(mg/m3)
Maximum Allowed Rate
of Pollutants Emission
(kg/h)
LimitsValue of Monitored
Concentration for Fugitive
Emission (mg/m3)
Particulates
120
3.5 (15m)
1.0 (maximum concentration at
Plant boundary)
14
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
4.
Stink
The assessment of fugitive emission of stink pollutants shall implement the Level II
standard for construction and extension of plant boundary as specified in the “Emission
Standard of Stink Pollutants” (GB16279-1996). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-11.
Table 1-11 “Emission Standard of Stink Pollutants”, Level II
Standard for Construction and Extension of Plant Boundary
Pollutant
Unit
LimitsValue for Construction
and Extension
Ammonia
mg/m3
1.5
Hydroen sulfide
mg/m3
0.06
Stink
concentration
No dimension
20
1.7.2.2 Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants
The assessment of the discharge of wastewater shall implement the standard as
specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”
(GB3544-2008). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-12.
Table 1-12
“Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008)
Table 2
Production Type
Pulp & Paper Manufacturer
1 pH value
6～9
2 Chroma (dilution times)
50
3 SS (mg/L)
30
4 BOD5, (mg/L)
20
5 CODCr, (mg/L)
90
6 NH3-H (mg/L)
8
7 Total nitrogen (mg/L)
12
8 Total phosphor (mg/L)
0.8
9 AOX (mg/L)
12
10 Dioxin (pgTEQ/L)
30
Limitsvalue
Benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product, t/t (pulp)
15
40
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Instructions:
1. The AOX and dioxin indices are applicable to chlorine-containing bleaching
process.
2. The volume of pulp is based on the calculation of absolute dry pulp.
3. The actual volume of wastewater discharge per unit product for pulp & paper
manufacturers shall be verified against the sum of self-produced pulp and purchased pulp.
4. For enterprises where the proportion of self-produced pulp accounting for over
80% of total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit product is
20t/t (pulp).
5. For enterprises where the proportion of bleached non-wood pulp accounting for
over 60% of the total pulp consumption, the benchmark wastewater discharge per unit
product is 60t/t (pulp).
1.7.2.3 Noise Emission Standard
The noise emission during the Project construction should meet the “Noise Limitsfor
Construction Site” (GB12523-90). The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-14.
Table 1-14
“Noise Limits for Construction Site”
LimitsValue dB(A)
Construction Phase
Main Sources of Noise Emission
Daytime
Nighttime
Earth and rock
engineering
Bulldozer, Excavator, Loader, etc.
75
55
Pile driving
Various type of Piler Drivers
85
Construction not
permitted
Structuring
Concrete blender, vibrator, electric saw,etc.
70
55
Decorating
Crane, elevator, etc.
65
55
The assessment of noise emission during the Project construction shall implement the
“Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008).
The limitsvalues are listed in Table 1-15.
Table 1-15
“Emission Standard of Noise at Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise”
Type
Daytime
Nighttime
III
65
55
1.7.2.4 Discharge Standard of Solid Waste
The assessment of solid waste storage site shall implement the “Pollution Control
Standard for Storage and Disposal Site of General Industrial Solid Waste”
(GB18599-2001); the assessment of domestic waste treatment shall implement the
“Pollution Control Standard for Domestic Waste Landfilling” (GB16889-2008).
1.8 Technical Route for Environmental Impact Assessment
16
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Preliminary analysis of
existing production
capacity
Collection of
applicable policies
& regulations
Onsite and
preliminary
investigation
Identification of main environmental impacts and planning of assessment scope, contents, key
tasks and methods
Examination and
approval
Survey of natural and social
environment
Investigation and onsite monitoring of regional
environmental quality
Project construction analysis
Environmental capacity &
aggregate control
Prediction & assessment of
environmental impacts
Environmental pollution control
measures & recommendations
Public participation
Environmental management &
monitoring plan
Compilation of the Project construction environmental impact
report
Review & submission
for approval
Figure 1-1 Technical Roadmap of Environmental Impact Assessment
17
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2 Analysis of Substitution Plan and Technology Reform Project
2.1 Pre-Reform Overview
2.1.1 Basic Facts of the Company
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is an entity built on a land area of 3,920,000m2
with a labor force of 3,200 workers, including 213 technicians working at various
processes, the total asset of the Company is RMB1.77bn. Since its foundation five decades
ago, the Company has accumulated rich experience on production and project
management and a team of skillful technicians and competent staff. The Company
currently has one 70,000t/a chemical wood pulp production line and two sulfate reed pulp
production lines with total capacity at 65,000t/a, two production lines of aspen
chemi-mechanical pulp with total capacity at 135,000t/a and two production lines of
deinked pulp with total capacity at 300,000t/a. The Company’s total pulp production
capacity is 570,000t/a, the total paper production capacity is 800,000t/a, the total capacity
of the self-provided Thermal Power Station is188MW, in addition to a complete system of
water supply, wastewater discharge, mechanical and electronic equipment maintenance,
storehouses at the dock and residence facilities. The main products include high-quality
color printing newsprint, pigment offset paper, light-weight coating paper, light-weight
printing paper, thermosensitive paper, etc.
2.1.2 Compents of Existing Project
The existing project comprises the main body project, public utilities and storage and
transportation facilities. See details in Table 2-1. In 2010, the Company’s production
systems have all realized the planned productivity.
18
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-1
Item
Components of the Existing Project
Project
Component
Contents
Total productivity of the Pulp Making System: 570,000t/a
(1) Chemical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a
①1 old production line of sulfate wood pulp at 70,000t/a, adopting a 4-stage
bleaching process (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment – hypochlorite
bleaching – hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent washing;
Pulp
Making
System
②2 production lines of sulfate reed pulp at 65,000t/a, including 1 continuous
cooking system and 1 intermittent cooking system, C-E-H-P 4-stage
bleaching; countercurrent washing;
(2) Chemi-mechanical Pulp Making System, total productivity: 135,000t/a
2 production lines of aspen chemi-mechanical pulp at 135,000t/a, APMP
process adopted for the old line and PRC-APMP process for the new one.
(3) Deinked Pulp Making System, total productivity: 300,000t/a
①1 old production line of deinked pulp at 100,000t/a
②1 new production line of deinked pulp at 200,000t/a
Paper Machine System, total productivity at 800,000t/a
Main body
project
①1# Paper Machine: width 3940mm, speed 400-700m/min, 70000t/a
production of newsprint;
②2# Paper Machine: width 1760mm, speed 220m/min, 10000t/a production
of offset paper;
③3# Paper Machine: width 3800mm, speed 800-900m/min, 100000t/a
production of pigment offset paper, industrial film spraying base paper,
light-weight offset paper and notebook paper;
Paper
Machine
System
④4#, 5# Paper Machines: width 2362mm, speed 220m/min, 20000t/a
production of offset paper;
⑤6# Paper Machine: width 1575mm, speed 200m/min, 10000t/a production
of corrugated paper; (6# Paper Machine has been outsourced to another Antai
company)
⑥8# Paper Machine: width 6400mm, speed 1600m/min, 200000t/a
production of newsprint;
⑦9# Paper Machine: width 5280mm, speed 1300m/min, 200000t/a
production of high-quality printing paper;
⑧10# Paper Machine: width 5280mm, speed 1300m/min, 200000t/a
production of environment-friendly printing paper;
19
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Item
Project
Component
Alkali
Recovery
System
Contents
2 sets of Alkali Recovery Boilers for black liquid treatment at 270t/d and
530t/d respectively, over 85% of black liquid extraction and over 80% alkali
recovery;
Each equipped with 2-Row 5-Field Dust Collector, efficiency of dust
collection at 99%;
1 set of white sludge recovery system, reuse rate of white sludge at 86%
Total capacity of thermal power boilers: 3×150 t/h+1×130 t/h+2×260 t/h,
capacity of power generation by steam turbine generator unit: 1×12MW＋
Thermal
Power
Room
Water
Treatment
Plant
Public
utilities
1×6MW+2×25MW+2×60MW =188MW;
Electrostatic dust collectors installed in 4 sets of old Boilers, Baghouse dust
collectors installed in 2 set of new Boilers, both equipped with external
desulphurization unit.
① Production-use water supplied by Water Treatment Plant with water
pumped from Yangtze River, designed capacity of water extraction and
water treatment at 250000 m3/d and 140000 m3/d respectively;
② Water consumption by workers for domestic use supplied by municipal
water supply pipelines.
4 sets of Wastewater Treatment Systems, total treatment capacity:
100000m3/d, to be discharged to Yangtze River after treatment.
①Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment System (Paques IC + 1 new System),
designed capacity of wastewater treatment at 18000m3/d, to be filled into the
Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of Pulp Making System;
Wastewater
③ Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit of White Water Recovery System,
Treatment
designed capacity at 40000m3/d;
Station
④ Middle-Stage Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit, designed capacity at
60000m3/d;
⑤ Super-Effect Shallow-Floatation 3-Stage Treatmetn Unit, designed
capacity at 60000m3/d, mainly for treatment of wastewater from the
Middle-Stage Aerobic Treatment Unit.
Dock
Storage and
transportation Coal
Storage
facilities
Site
2 docks, each with 5,000t of berth capacity
Building area approximately 10000m2, coal storage at 70000t for 30 days of
use
20
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Item
Project
Component
Contents
Waste
Paper
Waste paper storage for 20 days of use, building area: 600m2
Storehouse
Chemicals
Building area: 300m2
Storehouse
Finished
Products
Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 1000m2
Storehouse
Reed
Stockpile
Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 100000m2
Wood
Stockpile
Storage for 90 days of use, building area: 50000m2
2.1.3 Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials
The consumption of main raw and auxiliary materials for the Project construction is
listed in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2
No.
Consumption of Main Raw and Auxiliary Materials
Raw/Auxiliary
Material
Annual Consumption
(t/a)
Consumption Per Unit
Product (t/adt)
I
Chemical Wood Pulp Room
1
Wood
material
(absolute dry)
163240
2.332
2
Alkali
36330
0.519
3
Liquid chlorine
4830
0.069
4
Lime
1750
0.025
5
Hydrogen peroxide
700
0.010
6
Sodium silicate
420
0.006
7
Sulfamic acid
140
0.002
8
Water
3290000
47.0
9
Electricity (kWh)
16165800000
230.94
10
Steam (GJ)
453740
6.482
II
Chemical Reed Pulp Room
21
Remarks
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
No.
Raw/Auxiliary
Material
Annual Consumption
(t/a)
Consumption Per Unit
Product (t/adt)
I
Chemical Wood Pulp Room
1
Reed material
140400
2.16
2
Alkali
22880
0.352
3
Liquid chlorine
2080
0.032
4
Lime
1820
0.028
5
Hydrogen peroxide
65
0.001
6
Water
3599920
55.38
7
Electricity (kWh)
11862500000
182.5
8
Steam (GJ)
396500
6.1
III
Chemi-mechanical Pulp Room
1
Aspen material
130545
0.967
2
Aspen wood pieces
21195
0.157
3
Timber pieces
1485
0.011
4
Liquid alkali (kg)
9459180
70.068
5
Hydrogen peroxidekg
8010090
59.334
6
Sodium silicatekg
4391955
32.533
7
Magnesium
(kg)
234630
1.738
8
Sulphuric acid (kg)
512865
3.799
9
Water
2430000
18.0
10
Electricity (kWh)
23599.81
1748.134
11
Steam (GJ)
143640
1.064
sulfate
IV
Deinked Pulp Production Line
1
Concentrated sulfuric
acid
660
0.0022
2
Caustic soda
3600
0.012
3
Hydrogen peroxide
4200
0.014
4
Sodium silicate
12000
0.040
5
Deinking agent
1500
0.005
22
Remarks
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
No.
Raw/Auxiliary
Material
Annual Consumption
(t/a)
I
Chemical Wood Pulp Room
6
Bentonite
7
Poly A
8
FAS
9
Hydrochloric acid
10
Saponite
11
Imported enzynme
12
Consumption Per Unit
Product (t/adt)
1200
0.004
60
0.0002
1020
0.0034
4.5
0.000015
2400
0.008
45
0.00015
Waste paper
418500
1.395
13
Water
1500000
5.0
14
Electricity (kWh)
9173100000
305.77
15
Steam (GJ)
774000
2.58
V
1
Paper Machine Room
Deinked pulp
187000
Chemi-mechanical
pulp
136000
Chemical reed pulp
61200
Chemical wood pulp
68000
2
Calcium
(kg)
24000
30
3
Cation starch (kg)
12000
15
4
Caustic soda (NaOH)
(kg)
2000
2.5
5
Bentonite (kg)
2000
2.5
6
Alum (kg)
19200
24
7
Retention aid (kg)
400
0.5
8
Stabilizer (kg)
960
1.2
9
Other
types
of
chemical
solutions
(kg)
520
0.655
10
Polyester Net (m2)
20000
0.025
carbonate
23
Remarks
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Raw/Auxiliary
Material
No.
I
Annual Consumption
(t/a)
Consumption Per Unit
Product (t/adt)
Remarks
Chemical Wood Pulp Room
11
Dry net (m2)
12
Felt (kg)
13
Packing material
14
32000
0.04
32
0.04
3200
4
Water (m3)
9.6×106
12
15
Electricity (kWh)
4.1×108
510
16
Steam
1.32×106
1.65
1. Parameters for Quality Analysis of Coal Material
Coal is used as the fuel for thermal power generation, and the annual consumption
of coal material is 720000t, mainly the smoke-free coal from Fengjie County, Chongqing
City. The data obtained based on coal quality analysis are: dust 35.96%, water 6.77%,
volatile phenol 6.07%, sulfur＜1%, low-heat value 18170KJ/kg. The transportation of
coal material is done by train, and the existing Coal Storage Site is capable for meeting the
demand.
2.1.4 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities
2.1.4.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge
1. Water Supply System
The water consumption by Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd for production use is
from a Pump Houste built at the side of Yangtze River with the designed capacity at
250000m3/d, and the Water Treatment Plant is designed at a capacity of 140000m3/d. The
water is used for: Pulp Making System, Paper Machine Room and Thermal Power Station;
the total consumption of water is 125929m3/d, supplied by the Water Treatment Plant. The
consumption of water by the existing project is illustrated in Table 2-3.
Table 2-3
No.
3
5
Pulp
Making
System
6
7
Consumption of Clear
Water (m3/d)
Production Unit / Workshop
1
2
Data Sheet of Water Consumption by the Existing Project
Paper
Bleached chemical reed pulp
10588
Bleached chemical wood pulp
9676
Alkali recovery
13680
Aspen chemi-mechanical pulp
7147
Deinked pulp
12855
1# Paper Machine Room
7941
24
Remarks
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
8
Machine
System
2# Paper Machine Room
1401
9
3# Paper Machine Room
7034
10
4# Paper Machine Room
1997
11
5# Paper Machine Room
1040
12
6# Paper Machine Room
10102
13
7# Paper Machine Room
14118
Thermal Power Boiler, water addition
2130
Thermal Power Station, circulation cooling
water addition
15650
Thermal Power Station, industrial use
5720
15
Water Treatment Plant
3600
16
Wastewater Treatment Station
1250
17
Total
14
125929
2. Wastewater Discharge System
The wastewater is mainly from the Pulp Making System and Paper Machine Room, as
well as wastewater from dust collection at the Boilers Room, sewage water from domestic
use and water from floor washing, all of which to be discharged at a rate of 90000m3/d.
The discharge of wastewater was conducted by following the principle of “Separate
Outflow of Clear Water and Contaminated Water”: domestic sewage water to be
discharged to the Aerobic Wastewater Treatment Unit; rainwater to be collected and
discharged directly into the ditches nearby; production wastewater to be discharged after
treatment at the Wastewater Treatment Station, an automatic online monitoring system has
been installed at the final outlet for monitoring of CODcr, pH value and flow volume;
white water from Paper Machine Room to be recycled at Multi-Plate Recovery Unit and
reused at Pulp Making Room, with the extra to be discharged to Aerobic Wastewater
Treatmetn System; contaminated condensate water from Alkali Recovery Room to be
reused at Wet-Process Material Prepartion Unit of Reed Pulp Making Room. The process
flow of wastewater generation and treatment is shown in Figure 2-1. The balance of water
supply and wastewater discharge previous to the technology reform is illustrated in Figure
2-2.
25
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
1# Paper Machine Room
Thin black liquid
Thin black liquid
2# Paper Machine Room
Middle-stage
wastewater
Chemical Wood Pulp
Making Room
Old Deinked Pulp
Making Room
Alkali Recovery Room
Slag washing
water,
accidentally
released
water
Reed slag washing water
Chemical Reed Pulp
Making Room
3# Paper Machine Room
4# Paper Machine Room
Reused after
multi-plate filter
Chemi-mechanical Pulp
Making Room
6# Paper Machine Room
7# Paper Machine Room
Anaerobic Wastewater
Treatmetn System
New Deinked Pulp
Making Room
Aerobic Treatment
System (II)
Thermal
Power Station
Water Supply
Rom
Excessive water
discharge
Figure 2-1
Aerobic Treatment
System (I)
Ash sluicing
water
Level III Vapor
Flotation System
Pluverized Coal Tank
Process Flow of Pre-reform Wastewater Generation & Treatment
26
Wastewater discharge
Discharge of clarified water
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.4.2 Thermal Power Station
The Thermal Power Station is the facility for supplying steam and power for the
whole Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. The system of the Station is composed
by the Coal Storage Site, the Coal Transportation System, the Soft Water Preparation
System, the Coal-Fired Boilers, the Steam Turbine Generator Unit, the Cooling Water
System, the Dust Collection System, the Desulphurization System and the Dust/Slag
Treatment System. The equipments and facilities are listed in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4
Equipments Installed at Thermal Power Station of Yueyang Forest & Paper
Equipment
Model
Quantity
Product
2×UG-260/9.8-M, 1×WGZ-150/3.82-III
Boiler
1×CG-150/3.82-M, 1×UG-130/3.82-M7
6
1×WGZ 150/3.82-3
2×CC60-8.83/1.32/0.69, 1×C12-35/10
Steam Turbine
6
1×B6-35/5, 1×C25-3.43/0.49, 1×C25-3.43/0.49-2
2×50WX18Z-054LLT, 1×QF2-12-2
Power Generator
6
1×TQC2-6-2, 1×QF-30-2, 1×QFW-30-2A
2×SZ9-25000/110, 2×SF11-75000/35
2×SFZ11-25000/35, 7×SGB10-1250/10
Transformer
1×SG-1000, 1×SG6-630, 1×SG7-630/0.4
22
1×S7-800, 1×SCR9-630/6, 1×S10-Mb-1000
1×S9-800/6.3, 1×SJL2-750/6, 1×SFZ11-10000/35
Steam,
electricity
Water
Circulation
Pump
3×800S-22, 4×EOTS800-32A
7
Water
Pump
6×DG150-59, 3×DG300-10×5
9
Supply
4×VR65IIN1G0KK2100, 2×VR58IIIS1B0RK2240
2×VR65IIN1B0RK1680, 4×Y4-73-13No:16D
Boiler Fan
2×Y4-73-13No:15D, 2×Y4-73-11No:14D
(main fan)
2×G4-73-11No:14D, 1×G4-73-13No:16D
28
1×G4-73-13No:15D, 4×M9-19-11NO:16D
2×M9-26-11No:14D, 2×M9-29No:14D
Ball Grinder
DTM250/390
8
Cooling Tower
2×10NH-4000, 4×NH-5250×4
6
27
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Equipment
Model
Quantity
Dust Collector
2×BE132-3 Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE80-3
Electrostatic Dust Collector, 1×BE95-3 Electrostatic Dust
Collector, 2×MBC10000 Impulse-Type Baghouse Dust
Collector
6
Desulphurization
System
Outside Boiler Wet Process (1×Lime Process, 1×Limestone
Process)
2
Product
2.1.5 Production Processes
The total capacity of the existing 7 production lines of bleached chemical wood
pulp, bleached chemical reed pulp, mechanical wood pulp, aspen chemi-mechanical pulp
and deinked pulp is 570,000t/a, used for producing newsprint, low-basis-weight coating
paper and corrugated paper, etc.
2.1.5.1 Pulp Making System
1. Production Line of Chemical Reed Pulp
The total capacity of the 2 production lines of chemical reed pulp, 1 old and 1 new,
is 65,000t/a. The difference between the old and the new production lines is the adoption
of different material preparation and cooking processes, the reed pulp washing is
integrated into the system after spraying. The production process is as follows: the
transportation of reeds by a flatcar along the ligh rail from the Reed Stockpile to the
Material Preparation Unit, artificial unloading of reeds to the Belt Converyor, cutting into
reed pieces (length≤40mm, qualified rate＞80％) by the Reed Cutter. Old Reed Pulp Line:
collection of dust from the reed pieces by a Clyclone Separator, screening of sand and
marrows by a Rotary Screen, removal of reed leaves and film by a Louver Dust Remover,
then the qualified reed pieces shall be sent by the Belt Conveyor to the Material Tanks
(2×158m3) of the Cooking Unit, where the pieces are separtately loaded into the Vertical
Cooking Boilers (2×110m3) with addition of steam and alkali liquid for cooking, after
which be sprayed by the Sprayer to form sulfate reed pulp. New Reed Pulp Line: removal
of dust, sand, marrows, reed leaves and film from the reed pieces by a Hydraulic Washer,
after which be pumped into the Continuous Cooking Tube with addition of water, then the
black liquid from the Cooking Unit shall be replaced by the black liquid from the Pulp
Washing Unit, then be cooled down and sprayed into sulfate reed pulp. For both old and
new Reed Pulp Lines: washing of reed pulp for complete separation of reed pulp and black
liquid, the extracted black liquid shall be sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for alkali
recovery, the coarse pulp after washing shall go through the Pressure Screen for screening
and concentration and then 4-stage bleaching: (C-E-H-P): chlorination– alkali treatment
(or alkali treatment consolidated by hydrogen peroxide) – hypochlorite bleaching –
hydrogen peroxide bleaching; countercurrent washing, finally the bleached pulp with
certain degree of whiteness is ready to be used by Paper Machine. The flow of main
production processes is illustrated in Figure 2-3.
28
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Old Line
Reed
New Line
Reed
Reed Cutting
Reed Cutting
Seperation &
Screening
Chemi-alkali
preparation
Contaminated
condensate water
▲Waste
steam
●Reed slag
★
Slag-flushing
water
Hydraulic Reed
Washer
Chemi-alkali
preparation
Intermittent
Cooking Tank
Board-Type
Heat Exchanger
Sprayer
Hot water to Pulp
Washer
Vibration
Screen
Replacement
black liquid
●Pulp slag
Continuous
Cooking Tube
Sprayer
Squeezer
Pulp Washer
Black liquid to
Chemical Reed
Screen
●
★
▲
Solid
waste
generation point
Wastewater
generation point
Waste gas
generation point
Acid
bleaching
solution,
Alkali
bleacing
solution
4-Stage
Bleaching Unit
●Slag pulp
★Middle-stage
wastewater
White Pulp
Tank
Figure 2-3 Process Flow of Chemical Reed Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation
Points
2. Production Line of Chemical Wood Pulp
29
●Reed slag
★
Slag-flushing
water
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
The production line of chemical wood pulp is an old line adopting the process of
sulfate pulp making for producing bleached wood pulp, after several times of technology
reform, the production capacity has reached 70000t/a. Primary process flow: the wood
pieces of masson pine formed after peeling and chipping are directly fed into the
Re-shredder to be shredded into qualified pieces (16-40mm, ≥60％), which shall be fed
into 5×75m3 Vertical Cooking Tanks for sulfate cooking to remove the lignin and resin
substance and then be sprayed to get the coarse pulp; after countercurrent washing at
Rectangular Pulp Washer and Grinding Washer, the extracted high-concentration black
liquid is sent to Alkali Recovery Room, while the washed coarse pulp shall go through
pressure screening and CEpHP bleaching and be sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for
temporary storage, then it shall be used for the Paper Making System. The main process
flow is shows in Figure 2-4.
30
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Wood
●Barks
Peeling &
Chipping
Purchased wood
chips
Chemi-alkali
preparation
Screen & Fan
Abies oil
Cooking
Condensate
water
▲Collection of
waste steam
Sprayer
●Pulp slag
Knotter
Washed Pulp
Squeezer
Acid bleaching
solution,
Alkali
bleaching
solution
●Sawdust
Countercurrent
Washing
Board-Type Heat
Exchanger
★Contaminated
hot water
Black liquid to
Chemical Reed Pulp
Making Room
●
★Middle-stage
wastewater
★
▲
Solid
waste
generation point
Wastewater
generation point
Waste gas generation
point
White Pulp Tank
Figure 2-4
Process Flow of Chemical Wood Pulp Production Line & Pollutants
Generation Points
31
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
3. Production Line of Chemi-mechanical Pulp
There are two production lines of chemi-mechanical pulp, APMP process is
adopted at the old production line and PRC-APMP is adopted at the new one. Both lines
are equipped with complete equipments imported from abroad, thus making it a leading
role in China’s chemic-mechanical pulp making, especially the multi-stage bleaching
process adopted at the new production line is a guarantee for the pulp whiteness, which is
much better than
Old line: production capacity at 30000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the
Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to
Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped
into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room and then into 7
Grinders for grinding, after which the pulp goes through 3 Horizontal Vibration Screens
and then the CX Screen and then Slag Remover; after pulp concentration by Rotary Net
Condenser and tail pulp treatment by 4 Plate Grinders, the natural color pulp is sent from
Double-Net Condenser to a 45m3 Downflow Bleaching Tower where hydrogen peroxide
and NaOH is added for bleaching, the bleached pulp is then sent to the 150m3 Pulp
Storage Tank to be used for paper making at Paper Machine System.
New line: production capacity at 105000t/a. The aspen wood transported from the
Aspen Stockpile is grabbed by a Grab Bucket into the Chain Conveyor and then be sent to
Peeling Drum for peeling off the barks and then sent to the 8-Blade Chipper to be chipped
into pieces, which shall be transported to the Material Preparation Room for preliminary
steaming and washing (with added hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate,
magnesium sulfate, DTPA and clear water), then the units/processes of 2-Stage Grinder,
Plate Grinder (chemical treatment), High-Concentration Reaction Tower, secondary
grinding, latency pulping, post grinding anc screening, the qualified pulp is finally
produced for being used at Paper Machine System. The specific process flow is illustrated
in Figure 2-5.
The process of pulp making at the new line is basically similar to that of the old
line, pollutants discharge is mainly from the grinding and dehydrating units as well. The
difference is that a plate grinding process is added in the new line with a new bleaching
unit installed, so the whiteness of the chemi-mechanical pulp is better controlled. The
chart of process flow and pollutants discharge points for the old production line is omitted
here. The process flow and pollutants discharge points of the new production line of
chemi-mechanical pulp is isslustrated in Figure 2-5.
4. Production Line of Deinked Pulp
There are two production lines of deinked pulp, the old and new lines are advanced
ones in China’s deinked pulp making, especially the new line which has been
commissioning since the construction was finished in 2009, the installation of the
complete equipment of Andritz Paper Machine has greatly reduced the generation of
wastewater. The specific process is as follows:
Old line: designed production capacity at 100000t/a. The waste paper is sent by
Chain Board Conveyor to the Rotary Drum Pulper, after which the pulp is fed into the
bottom Pulp Tank, part of the pulp is sent to the High-Concentration Slag Remover and
then mixed with the rest pulp and sent to Tier1 3-Stage Coarse Screen Unit and then Tier 1
3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, after which the pulp is sent to the 2-Stage Pre-floatation Screen
32
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
to remove the ink, then the coarse pulp is sent to a 4-Stage Sand Remover for sand
removal and then Material Supply Tank and Tier 1 3-Stage Fine Screen Unit, then the
pulp shall go through the Multi-Plate Condenser, Double-Roller Grinder and Thermal
Disperser, after which it is pumped into the High-Concentration Bleaching Tower with
hydrogen peroxide added for bleaching, then the bleached pulp is sent to the 2-Stage
Post-floatation Screen for advanced ink removal, and then the Post Multi-Plate Condenser
and the Double-Net Pulp Washer, finally the deinked pulp is transported to the Pulp
Storage Tower waiting to be used at the Paper Machine Room. The specific process is
illustrated in Figure 2-6.
New line: designed production capacity at 200000t/a. After selection at the Waste
Paper Stockpile , the waste pater is transported by the Forklift Truck to the Deinked Pulp
Making Room, where the paper is fed into the Hydraulic Pulper by a Chain Board
Conveyor, then be pumped to the High-Concentration Sand Remover to remove the
cobbles, sand, fiber and slabs, then goes through a 3-Stage Coarse Screen for preliminary
selection and a Low-Concentration Sand Remover for removal of fine sand, then the
Pre-floatation Screen for ink removal and the Fine Screen for screening, and after going
through the Multi-Plate Condenser for concentration, the pulp shall be sent to the Thermal
Disperser where the sticky substances shall be dispersed into fine particles, after which the
pulp shall go through hydrogen peroxide bleaching and be sent to Post-floatation Screen
for ink removal, and then another round of concentration inside the Multi-Plate Condenser
and then the final bleaching, the pulp is finally sent to the Pulp Storage Tank for
temporary storage and then be sent to the Paper Machine Room. The main process flow of
the Deinked Pulp Making Room is illustrated in Figure 2-6.
33
Wood
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Peeling & Chipping
Purchased wood
chips
●Barks
Screen & Fan
●Sawdust
Wood Chips
Washing
★Slag-flushing water
Pre-cooking
Hydrogen
peroxide
Stage I Squeezing,
Pre-soaking,
Reaction
★High-concentration
wastewater from Squeezer
Hydrogen
peroxide
Stage II Squeezing,
Pre-soaking,
Reaction
★High-concentration
wastewater from Squeezer
Hydrogen
peroxide
Hydrogen
peroxide
Stage I Squeezing,
Reaction
★High-concentration
wastewater from Squeezer
Stage II Squeezing
Double-Plate
Squeezing
Sealed Screening
Ddhydration, Plate-Type
Grinder grinding, Screening
●Slag pulp
Multi-Plate
Condenser
●
★
White Pulp Tank
▲
Figure 2-5
Solid waste generation
point
Wastewater generation
point
Waste gas generation
point
Process Flow of Chemi-mechanical Pulp Production Line & Pollutants Generation
Points
34
White water
Waste
paper
WasteTechnology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching
Cleaner Production
reccled System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
paper
White water
recycled
Pulper
Pulper
High-Concen.
Slag Remover
High-Concen.
Slag Remover
●Impurities
Coarse Screen,
Slotted Screen
Coarse Screen
●Impurities
Slag Remover
Floatation Cell
●Pulp slag
Slotted Screen
Fine Screen
●Pulp slag
●Pulp slag
●Pulp slag
●Pulp slag
Multi-Plate
Condenser
Multi-Plate
Condenser
★Middle-stage
wastewater
Bleaching
solution
●Impurities
●Scum
Floatation Cell
Low-Concen.
Slag Remover
●Impurities
★Middle-stage
wastewater
Screezer Heat
Dispersing
Bleaching
Tower
Floatation,
Slag Removal
Pulp Washer
Multi-Plate
Condenser
Bleaching
solution
Reduction
Bleaching
Bleaching
solution
Screezer Heat
Dispersing
White Pulp
Tank
Bleaching
solution
●
★
▲
Solid
waste
generation point
Wastewater
generation point
Waste gas
generation point
Bleaching
Floataton,
Multi-Plate
Reduction
Figure 2-6
Bleaching
Process Flow of Deinked Pulp Production Line
& Pollutants Generation
Points
White Pulp
Tank
35
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.5.2 Paper Machine Room
The Company has 7 Paper Machine Rooms plus 1 Paper Product Processing Unit, the
original 5# Paper Machine Room has been outsourced after reform, and the total
productivity of the rest 6 Paper Machine Rooms is 800000t/a production of newsprint,
low-basis-weight coating paper and corrugated paper by using self-produced and
purchased pulp. The data on the productivity and product type of each Paper Machine
Room are listed in Table 2-5.
Table 2-5
No.
Paper Machine No.
Paper Making System
Type of Paper Product
Productivity (t/a)
1
1# Paper Machine
Newsprint
70000
2
2# Paper Machine
Offset paper
10000
3
3# Paper Machine
Pigment offset paper, etc.
100000
4
4# 5# Paper Machines
Offset paper
20000
5
6# Paper Machine
Corrugated paper
10000
6
8# Paper Machine
Newsprint
200000
7
9#, 10# Paper Machines
Environment-friendly
duplicating paper
400000
The paper product produced at each Paper Machine Room is different, but the
production process is similar, mainly including Pulp Preparation, Pulp Purification, Paper
Shaping at the Wire Former, Dehydration, Drying and Finishing. The main process flow is
illustrated in Figure 2-7.
36
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
White water
recycled
Pulp Preparation
●Sand pulp
Sand Removal
★White water
multi-plate
recycle
Pulp Fluid Screen
Paving
Excessive wastewater
treatment
Squeezing
Steam
Drying
●Broke paper
Calendering, Reeling
Figure 2-7 Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points
Re-reeling
●
★
▲
Finished Products To
Storehouse
37
Solid waste generation
point
Wastewater
generation
point
Waste gas generation
point
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.5.3 Alkali Recovery Room
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has a Chemicals Workshop where black liquid
from pulp making is recycled, the condensed black liquid after evaporation is to be used in
the Alkali Recovery Boiler. The Alkali Recovery System includes 4 Evaporation Stations
and 2 Alkali Recovery Boilers with the capacity at 270 t /d and 530 t /d respectively. The
process of alkali recovery includes evaporation, incineration, causticization and lime
recovery. The thin black liquid generated during pulp making shall be separated from the
pulp, the extracted black liquid is then condensed inside the Evaporator and sent to the
Alkali Recovery Boilers for incineration, which shall present ina melting stage after the
organic substances has been burned out, then become green liquid after clarification; at
this point the lime shall be added for causticization and the liquid shall become sodium
hydroxide, after separation from the sedimentation of white sludge, the upper clear liquid
of sodium hydroxide shall be sent back to the Pulp Making System to be reused for
material preparation cooking; part of the white sludge is transported to the White Sludge
Recovery System to be reused as filler, the unusuable white sludge shall be transported by
a designated worker to the landfill for disposal. The flue gas from incineration at the
Boilers enters into a 3-Field Electrostatic Dust Collector for dust removal, then released
through the chimney. The main equipments of the Alkali Recovery System are listed in
Table 2-6.
Table 2-6
Workshop
Chemicals
Workshop
Main Equipments of Alkali Recovery System
Equipment
Model
Quantity
0# Evaporation Unit
Evaporation area: 8000m2
1
2# Evaporation Unit
Evaporation area: 2000m2
1
3# Evaporation Unit
Evaporation area: 4000m2
1
4# Evaporation Unit
Evaporation area: 12000m2
1
530T Boiler
Daily treatment of solid substance
in black liquid: 530t
1
270T Boiler
Daily treatment of solid substance
in black liquid: 270t
1
Causticization
Hourly treatment of green liquid:
80m3
1
Causticization
Hourly treatment of green liquid:
70m3
1
Limestone kiln
25t/d (operation stopped)
2
Limestone kiln
60t/d (operation stopped)
1
White sludge recovery
80t/d
1
The thin black liquid from the Pulp Making Room shall first go through a
V-Effect Board-Type Falling Film Evaporator to condense it into a liquid with 48% solid
38
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
content and then be sent to the Incineration Unit. The thick black liquid is condensed
inside the Rotary Plate Evaporator to get liquid with at least 55% solid content, which
shall be sent to the Spray-Type Alkali Recovery Boiler for incineration, after which the
melting substance shall be dissolved into green liquid by thin white liquid from the
Causticization Unit or water. The green liquid is sent to the Causticization Unit to be
filtrated by the Green Liquid Filter and then mixed with lime for digestion, causticization
and filtration to get white liquid, which shall be sent to the Cooking Unit of the Pulp
Making System. The waste heat from the Alkali Recovery Boilers is used for generating
steam (3.82Mpa, 450℃), which shall be sent to the self-built Thermal Power Station for
power generation. The white sludge from the Causticization Unit is sent to the
Light-Weight Calcium Carbonate Unit to be processed into light-weight calcium carbonate
to be used as filler for paper making.
The process flow of the Alkali Recovery System is illustrated in Figure 2-8.
39
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Wastewater Treatment
Station
Evaporated light
sewage water
Evaporated
heavy sewage
water
Thin black liquid from
Chemical Pulp Making
Room
Thick Black
Liquid Tank
Thin Black
Liquid Tank
Rotary Plate
Evaporator
V-Effect
Evaporator
IV-Effect
Evaporator
Thick Black
Liquid Tank
I-Effect
Evaporator
III-Effect
Evaporator
II-Effect
Evaporator
Evaporated light
sewage water
Alkali
Recovery
Boiler
Waste
gas
Dissolution
Tank
80m Chimney
Green Liquid
Clarification Storage
Tank
Digestion Slag
Extration
Machine
Causticizer
Waste
lime
Green
sludge
White liquid to
Chemical Reed Pulp
Making Room
White sludge to
Light-Weight Calcium
Carbonate Room
Figure 2-8
Reused at
Pulp Making
Room
White Liquid
Clarifier
White
sludge
Process Flow of Paper Making System & Pollutants Generation Points
40
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.6 Discharge of Main Pollutants
The condition of the main sources and discharge of pollutants is illustrated in Table
2-7.
Table 2-7
Data Sheet of the Existing Project’s Main Sources and Discharge of Pollutants
No.
Unit / Process
Discharge of Pollutants
1
Pulp Making System
Sawdust, reed slag, barks, deink residues, deink scraps, wastewater
from pulp making, white sludge
2
Paper
System
Making
Slag washing water, white water from paper machine, pump shaft seal
water, vacuum pump seal water, pulp slag
3
Thermal
Station
Power
Process drainage water, dust washing water, flue gas from boiler, lime
ash
4
Wastewater
Treatment Station
5
Noise from the equipment operation
Sludge, stink gas, up-to-standard wastewater
2.1.6.1 Wastewater
1. Main Sources of Wastewater Pollution
The generation of wastewater from the existing Project production/domestic life is
90000m3/d, and the designed capacity of the Wastewater Treatment Station is 100000m3/d,
the wastewater after treatment is discharge to Yangtze River, with online monitoring
devices installed at the final outlet for monitoring of the flow rate, pH value, COD and SS
discharge.
At present, the discharge wastewater from Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd includes
the following parts:
a. Black Liquid from Cooking Unit of Pulp Making System
The process of pulp making is mainly chemical process, during which the black
liquid generated from cooking shall contain large content of chemical substances (alkali)
and high concentration of COD and BOD. The black liquid from this process shall enter
into the Alkali Recovery System for treatment.
b. Middle-Stage Wastewater from Pulp Making
The middle-stage wastewater is mainly from the washing, screening and bleaching
processs of the Pulp Making System, and the main contents are SS, COD and BOD. The
black liquid from this process shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for
treatment and discharge.
c. Wastewater from Paper Making System
The wastewater generated from the Paper Making System is mainly the white water
from paper making, sewage water from from the Slag Remover and the floor washing
water. After being filtered by the Multi-Plate Filter, the white water, Slag Remover
41
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
sewage water, felt washing water (Grinding Unit in the Paper Machine Room) and floor
washing water shall be reused mostly, with a part of it be sent to the Aerobic Treatment
System (II) for treatment and discharge.
d. Wastewater from Alkali Recovery System
The wastewater discharged from the Alkali Recovery System is mainly the
contaminated condensate water and cooling water. The cooling water from the
Board-Type Condenser at the Evaporation Unit may be reused after cooling down. The
contaminated condensate water shall enter into the Aerobic Treatment System (I) for
treatment and discharge.
e. Wastewater from Thermal Power Station
The wastewater discharge from the Thermal Power Station is mainly the wastewater
from the Boilers, Circulation Water System and Chemical Water Recycle Room and the
cooling water from the Water Supply Pump, Hydraulic Coupler and Induced Draft Fan.
The wastewater discharged is characterized by its cleaness and free of organic pollution.
The wastewater is directly discharged through the warm water outlet of the Station.
Accoring to the monitoring on the Company’s wastewater discharge conducted by
Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station on November 17~19 2010, the
monitoring resulted are listed in Table 2-8.
Table 2-8 Data Sheet of the Water Quality of the Project’s Wastewater Treatment System
Monitoring
Points
Monitoring
Item
pH Value
COD (mg/L)
BOD5
(mg/L)
SS (mg/L)
Range
7.65~7.88
118~136
21~22
42~45
7.73
122
21
43
6.9~7.02
52~62
10~12
13~14
6.91
58
11
13
GB3544-2008, Table 2
6~9
90
20
30
GB8978-1996, Table 3
6~9
100
20
70
General outlet
Power Station
wastewater
outlet
Average
value
Range
Average
value
Table 2-8 showed that after treatment at the Wastewater Treatment Station, the
monitoring factors of the wastewater discharged through the general outlet of the Plant
have all met the limitsvalues listed in Table 1 of the “Discharge Standard of Water
Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), but these factors have exceeded the
limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper
Industry” (GB3544-2008). The monitoring factors of the wastewater discharged through
the outlet of the Power Station have all met the limitsvalues listed in Table 3 of the
“Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard” (GB8978-1996). According to the
“Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”, as of July 2011, the
wastewater discharged from all papermaking enterprises must meet the limitsvalues listed
in Table 2, therefore, the Company is planning to increase the dosage of chemical agent in
42
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
the Wastewater Treatment Station, the trial operation in July 2011 showed that the
discharged wastewater after treatment has met the limits listed in Table 2 of
GB3544-2008.
According to the calculation based on the monitoring results listed in Table 2-8, the
total volume of CODCr, BOD5 and SS discharge is 3733.2t/a, 642.6t/a and 1315.8t/a
respectively.
2.1.6.2 Waste Gas
The atmospheric pollutants emission is mainly from the Thermal Power Station, Figure
2-9 showed the process flow of the generation and treatment of atmospheric pollutants and
Table 2-9 listed the measures for emission control of various atmospheric pollutants from the
Thermal Power Boilers and Alkali Recovery Boilers.
Chimney release
Low-pressure steam
supplied to whole Plant
Power supplied to
whole Plant
Wet-Process
Desulphurization System
Steam Turbine→Power
Generator
Fugitive dust
Coal Stockpile
Induced Draft
Fan
High-pressure
steam
Flue gas
Fugitive dust
Figure 2-9
Coal Pulverizer
Boiler
Electrostatic / Baghouse Dust
Collector
Process Flow of Atmospheric Pollutants Generation and Treatment at Thermal
Power Station
43
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-9
No.
Source of
Pollution
Main
Pollutants
Dust
1
150t/h Pulverized
Coal Furnace
SO2
NOx
Dust
2
150t/h Pulverized
Coal Furnace
SO2
NOx
Dust
5
260t/h
Bed
Fluidized
SO2
NOx
Dust
6
260t/h
Bed
Fluidized
SO2
NOx
Dust
3
130t/h Pulverized
Coal Furnace
SO2
NOx
Dust
4
150t/h Pulverized
Coal Furnace
SO2
NOx
7
8
Alkali Recovery
Boiler,
270t/d
treatment of solid
substance
Alkali Recovery
Boiler,
530t/d
treatment of solid
substance
Waste Gas Emission and Control Measures
Dust
SO2
Dust
SO2
Control
Measures
Emission Ways
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
+ External
Desulphurization
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
+ External
Desulphurization
Baghouse Dust
Collection +
External
Desulphurization
1. Waste gas from 4 Boilers is emissioned
through a 4.5mΦ×150m chimney where
online monitoring devices are installed
for conducting the emission of flue gas,
SO2 and NOX.
2. 1# Boiler and 2# Boiler are each
equipped with a desulphurization device,
5# and 6# Boilers are sharing a
desulphurization device.
Baghouse Dust
Collection +
External
Desulphurization
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
+ External
Desulphurization
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
+ External
Desulphurization
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
Electrostatic
Dust Collection
Waste gas from 2 Boilers after respective
treatment is emissioned through a
2mΦ×100m chimney where online
monitoring devices are installed for
conducting the emission of flue gas, SO2
and NOX.
Waste gas from 2 Boilers after respective
treatment is emissioned through a
1.5mΦ×100m chimney where online
monitoring devices are installed for
conducting the emission of flue gas and
SO2.
On November 17~19, 2010, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Station
conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the emission sources of waste gas from Yueyang Forest
& Paper Co., Ltd, the monitoring results listed in Table 2-9 are used for the Project’s
44
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
environmental impact assessment, so another onsite monitoring is not necessary here.
Meanwhile, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted Stage
1 onsite monitoring on the fugitive emission of waste gas from the Plant, with two
monitoring stations established at the Plant boundary, one in the upper wind direction and
the other one in the lower wind direction. The monitoring resultes are listed in Table 2-10.
1. The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas
monitored at the outlets of 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# Boilers have all met Stage 2 standard as
specified in the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant”
(GB13223-1996). The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas
monitored at the outlets of 5# and 6# Boilers have all met Stage 3 standard as specified in
the “Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants for Thermal Power Plant”
(GB13223-1996).
2. The emission concentrations of flue gas, SO2 and NOx of the waste gas
monitored at the outlets of the Dust Collectors of the two Alkali Recover Boilers have all
met Level II standard listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of
Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297－1996).
3. The monitoring values of the particulates in fugitive emission of waste gas
have met the limitsvalues listed in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission Standard of
Atmospheric Pollutants” (GB16297－1996). The monitoring values of NH3 and H2S
emission have met the Level II standard listed in Table 1 of the “Stink Pollutants
Discharge Standard” (GB14554-93) concerning construction and expansion projects.
Table 2-10
Monitoring Results of Fugitive Emission of Waste Gas
Monitoring
Points
Unit: mg/m3
TSP
NH3
H2S
Minimum value
0.12
0.04
0.002
Maximum value
0.15
0.07
0.002
0.14
0.05
0.002
/
/
/
/
/
/
Minimum value
0.18
0.08
0.01
Maximum value
0.22
0.1
0.01
0.20
0.09
0.005
/
/
/
/
/
/
Upper
wind Average value
direction
at
Over-standard
Plant boundary
rate %
Maximum
over-standard times
Lower
wind Average value
direction
at
Over-standard
Plant boundary
rate %
Maximum
over-standard times
45
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Standard
“Integrated Emission
Atmospheric
(GB16297-1996)
Standard of
Pollutants”
1.0
“Stink
Pollutants
Discharge
Standard” (GB14554-93)
1.5
46
0.06
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-9
Monitoring Point
Rate of
Waste Gas
Emission
Monitoring Results of Main Sources of Waste Gas Pollution
Flue Gas
SO2
NOX
(Nm3/h)
Emission
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
Emission
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
Emission
Concentration
(mg/Nm3)
Emission
Volume
(kg/h)
344690
33.4
11.51
90
31.0
306.6
105.7
171982
42.3
7.27
280
48.15
390.1
67.1
309000
45
13.91
284
87.8
305
94.2
63987
20.3
1.30
248
15.87
25
1.60
1# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit
2# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit
3# Boiler (130t/h), Dust Collector exit
4# Boiler (150t/h), Dust Collector exit
5# Boiler (260t/h), Dust Collector exit
6# Boiler (260t/h), Dust Collector exit
Alkali Recovery Boiler (270t/h), Dust
Collector exit
Alkali Recovery Boiler (530t/h), Dust
Collector exit
GB13223-2003, Stage II
200
1200
650
GB13223-2003, Stage III
50
400
450
GB16297-1996
120
550
240
47
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.6.3 Solid Waste
The solid waste generated during the existing project’s operation is mainly the cinder
and lime ash from the Thermal Power Station, lime ash and white sludge from the Alkali
Recovery Room, barks, sawdust and sand from the Pulp Making Room, active sludge
from the Filter at the Wastewater Treatment Station, etc. The disposal and comprehensive
use of the solid waste from each process is shown in Table 2-11.
Table 2-11
Waste-Generation
Process/Unit
Pollution Sources of Solid Waste and Treatment Measures
Solid Waste
Vlume of
Absolute
Dry Pulp
Solid Components
Disposal
(10,000t/a)
Material
Preparation
Room
Material crump
6.8
Barks, sawdust, reed
leaves, reed flowers
Outsourced
Pulp
System
Pulp slag
2.45
Knots, pulp slag, sand
Outsourced
Fiber, plastics
Purchased and
recycled by
low-end paper
plants
Making
Deinked
Making
Pulp
Alkali Recovery
System
Wastewater
Treatment Station
Boilers Room
Office Area
Paper
Deinked sludge, slag
4.36
Waste lime
/
Lime ash
Landfilled
White sludge
3
CaCO3
All recycled as
production filler
Sludge
Purchased and
recycled by
low-end paper
plants
Nonflammable
ash
content, carbon powder
Purchased and
recycled by
cement plants
Plastic bags, etc.
Collective
disposal by
Municipal
Environmental
and Public
Hhealth
Department
Ethylene terephthalate
Recycled/disposed
Sludge
Coal ash and slag
Domestic waste
Machine Hazardous solid
2.42
25
/
0.33
48
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Waste-Generation
Process/Unit
Solid Waste
Vlume of
Absolute
Dry Pulp
Solid Components
Disposal
(10,000t/a)
Room
waste: discarded
polyester net
by external
qualified units
2.1.6.4 Noise
The main sources of noise pollution generated during the existing project operation
include: various types of Pumps and Air Compressors installed at each workshop, Coal
Pulverizer at Thermal Power Station, fans, as well as high-pressure air evacuation, etc.
The main sources of noise pollution are listed in Table 2-12.
Table 2-12
Noise-Generating Equipments and Noise Level
Equipment
Noise Level [dB(A)]
Coal Pulverizer
97-100
Induced Draft Fan
85
Air Compressor
95
Steam Turbine
90
Alkali Recovery Boiler
100~110
Pulp Pump
85~87
Water Pump
87
Pulp Grinder
99
On October 11, 2011, Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory
conducted Stage 1 monitoring on the noise at Plant boundary of Yueyang Forest & Paper
Co., Ltd, the monitoring results are shown in Table 2-14. Comparative analysis showed
that the daytime and nighttime noise values monitored at the Plant boundary have all met
the Level III standard as specified in the “Emission Standard of Environmental Noise at
Plant Boundary of Industrial Enterprise” (GB12348-2008), i.e., daytime: 65 dB(A),
nighttime: 55dB(A).
Table 2-13
Monitoring Results of Noise at Plant Boundary
Monitoring Point
Daytime
East boundary
59.4
South boundary
56.8
Standard Value
Nighttime
Standard Value
54.2
55.0
65
55
West boundary
57.9
54.0
North bounary
54.0
52.8
49
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.1.7 Occupational Health and Environmental Management
2.1.7.1 Occupational Health
As a key enterprise in the papermaking industry of Hunan Province, Yueyang Forest
& Paper Co., Ltd has established a complete system of occupational health management.
The framework is as follows:
The Company has established a network of occupational safety and health
management under the management of the “Occupational Safety and Health Committee”,
with the Company’s legal representative acting as the person in charge, in addition to the
establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Office. The work of occupational
health is assigned to the Production Department, where 4 professional engineers have been
employed in charge of the business management of internal occupational health, the
distribution of personal protective devices, the training of occupational safety and health,
and the filing of occupational health documents, etc.
The Staff Hospital is equipped with 82 medical workers and 50 sickbeds, it is
responsible for participating in staff health protection and monitoring and acute
occupational poisoning rescue.
At present, the Company has established a complete procedure of technical operation
and formulated the “Operation Manual of the Management System of Environmental and
Occupational Safety and Health”, as well as complete occupational health management
rules and operation procedures, such as the “Inspection and Management Measures of
Occupational Safety and Health”, “Emergency Response Plan of Occupational Accidents”,
etc. The Company has been conducting regular drillings for emergency preparedness of
fire prevention and occupational poisoning accidents. The workers have been educated to
strictly implement the established rules and operational procedures relating to
occupational health in the production process, which has been effective in protecting the
labors’ health and eliminating occupational diseases, at the same time beneficil to
promoting production development.
At the beginning of this year, the Production Department has formulated a
monitoring plan of occupational disease factors and asked Yueyang Municipal Disease
Control Center to conduct random inspections on various types of occupational disease
factors. The inspection results shall be kept as occupational health files and reported to the
leaders the Plant regularly.
(A) Occupational Health Education
The occupational health education was conducted jointly by the Production
Department and the Workshops. All workers operating the equipments must accept
pretraining of occupational safety and health, as well as regular and irregular training of
occupational safety and health during their service.
In addition, a blackboard has been set up inside the Plant for regular dissemination of
laws, regulations, rules and operational procedures related to occupational disease
prevention and control, at the same time giving frequent instructions on how to use
occupational disease prevention equipments and personal protection devices as well as
how to improve their awareness of self protection.
50
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
(B) Personal Protection Devices
In order to eliminate the damage caused by occupational disease and guarantee the
labors’ health, personal protection devices shall be distributed regularly to the workers
contacting hazardous substances, such as helmet, labor suit, labor shoes, gloves, flexible
earplugs, ear shield, anti-poison filter respirator, Hunan Labor Type II Dust-proof Mask,
protective glasses and heat-insulating clothes, etc.
According to the abovementioned measures, it is concluded that Yueyang Forest &
Paper Co., Ltd has established complete institutions and management systems for the
management of occupational health, basically able to meet the demand for occupational
health management once the Project renovation and expansion is finished and
commissioning is started. Based on the analysis of the inspection and test results, the
hazard of some occupational disease has not been under effective control, therefore, the
Company should strengthen the innovation of production technologies and the
construction of occupational health protection facilities, so as to further reduce the rate of
occupational disease outbreak.
2.1.7. Status of Environmental Management
(1) Construction of Environmental Protection Management Institutions
The Company has established an Environmental Protection Management Committee,
of which the General President is the Director and the members composed by the persons
in charge of each Division, the chief engineer is in charge of the management of
environmental protection, the Safety and Environmental Protection Department is
responsible for daily management of environmental protection, including the reduction
and control of solid waste, the control and treatment of waste gas, the control and
treatment of wastewater and noise control, etc. Each Division has appointed a part-time
manager and a part-time worker in charge of daily management of and communications on
environmental protection.
(2) Environmental Mangement System
The Company has established an environmental protection responsibility system, of
which the implementation by each Divison is under the leadership of the General Manager
and under the supervision of the Safety and Environmental Protection Department, the
inspections are to be conducted by respective Units, in addition, all of the environmental
protection equipments and personnel have been integrated into the organizational network
of environmental protection, with each equipment under the control of designated staff. A
system of three workers working at four shifts is implemented in the production units, the
monitoring of the production equipments and environmental protection equipments is
ensured through central control, onsite inspection and daily test, problems detected shall
be reported and handled in time to ensure up-to-standard discharge of pollutants.
The Company has established a series of environmental protection rules to
continuously improve the system of environmental protection, it has also passed the
certification of ISO14001 Environmental Mangement System. According to the principles
of “Realize Sustainable Development through Abiding by Laws and Regulations and
Implementing Energy Conservation and Cleaner Production”, the Company has
formulated the environmental goals, for which each Unit shall be examined for rewarding
excellent performance and punishing underperformance. A series of procedures have been
formulated and implemented for pollution control, such as “Environmental Factor
51
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Identification and Assessment Procedure”, “Wastewater Treatment Control Procedure”,
“Boiler Flue Gas Emission Control Procedure”, “Noise Control Procedure”, “Waste
Control Procedure”, “Resources and Energy Conservation Control Procedure”,
“Chemicals Management Procedure”, “Radiactive Installation Management Procedure”,
“Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedure”, etc. In addition, each Division has
appointed a manager and worker to conduct environmental protection management and
keep detailed records for “tracking”, in addition, the requirement for daily inspection has
been integrated into the overall system, and the examination results shall be used as basis
for apprasing the middle-level cadres’ performance, all of which has ensured the stable
operation and continuous improvement of ISO14001 Environmental Protection System.
2.2 Analysis of Technology Reform Project
2.2.1 Basic Facts
The basic facts of the technology reform project are listed in Table 2-14.
Table 2-14 Basic Facts of the Technology Reform Project
Project title
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd Cleaner Production Technology Reform
of Chemical Pulp Bleaching System
Project nature
Technology reform
Total investment and
fundraising
Total investment: RMB2,297,700,000, in which investment in construction:
RMB2,160,200,000 (including USD5,030,000), all through self fundraising
and bank loans.
Construction scale and
product layout
For daily production of 180t bleached chemical reed pulp
Project components
See Table 2-14
Project location
Existing Plant area of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, see in Figure 1
Land area
2790m2, existing Plant area
Working
annum
hours
Implementation
progress
per
340×24=8160h
Planned to finish the construction and start commissioning within one year
Product layout: The final product of the Project is bleached sulfate reed pulp paper, the
quality standard is illustrated in Table 2-15.
52
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-15
Quality Standard for Bleached Sulfate Reed Pulp
Standard
Index
Unit
Level I
Level II
Mechanical strength
(in-processing pulp: 450SR,
handsheet ration: 60g/㎡ h)
Tensile index
N.m/g
45
38
Tearing index
mN.m2/g
4.50
3.50
Burst index
kPa.m2/g
3.00
2.50
Whiteness
≮
%
82
82
Dynamic viscosity
≮
cm3/g
550
450
80
120
35
45
Not allowed
Not allowed
Dust count
0.3~1.0mm2
dust ≯
1.0~5.0mm2 dust ≯
＞5.0mm2
dust
2.2.3 Engineering Construction
The construction contents of the technology reform Project are shown in Table 2-16.
Table 2-16 Components of Technology Reform Project
No.
1
1.1
2
2.1
Engineering
Type
Reform Contents
Production
workshop
Technology
reform of
chemical
reed pulp
Production Capacity
Pre
Post reform
reform
Washing
and
screening
To build a new Vacuum Pulp Wasing
Unit (180t/d) and phase out a
Vacuum Pulp Washer
Bleaching
To install a new Delignification Unit,
change the old bleaching process into
ECF bleaching
180t/d
180t/d,
black
liquid extraction
rate and pulp
quality improved
for better effect of
environmental
protection
Public
utilities
Oxygen
Preparation
To build a new Oxygen Preparation Station
53
Auxiliary equipment of 180t/d
Chemical Reed Pulp Making
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Station
2.2
System
Chlorine
Dioxide
Preparation
Station
To build a new Station of Chlorine Dioxide
Preparation
Auxiliary equipment of 180t/d
Chemical Reed Pulp Making
System
2.2.4 Planar Layout
The planar layout of the project is to meet the demand for production processes and
materials transportation by providing a smooth network for logistics of raw materials and
finished products. The passageways for personnel and goods transportation are separated
to maintain smooth logistics. The layout is designed based on the consideration of intact
network and convenient connection to the old Plant, at the same time try to avoid the
impact on the existing production units caused by the Project construction.
The Project’s technology reform involves the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed
Pulp Making Room, the process of chlorine dioxide preparation and the Oxygen
Preparation Station. According to the layout principles and Project engineering, the layout
plan is: the Continuous Cooking Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System shall be
remained at the preserved position; the General Preparation Room in the old Overall Yard
shall be dismantled to build a new Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room; the original
Mechanical Pulp Room shall be dismantled to build a new Oxygen Preparation Station
and Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Station. The general layout of the Project is illustrated
in Figure 2.
2.2.5 Public Utilities and Auxiliary Facilities
2.2.5.1 Water Supply and Wastewater Discharge
1. Water Supply
The Project is a technology reform of the existing Bleaching Unit of the Chemical
Reed Pulp Making Room, after which the water consumption shall be reduced, so will the
demand for water supply. The data on water consumption by the Chemical Reed Pulp
Making System and the Oxygen Preparation Station after the technology reform are listed
in Table 2-17. The data on water consumption by the whole Plant are listed in Table 2-18.
Table 2-17
Variations of Water Consumption by Chemical Reed Pulp Making System and
Oxygen Preparation Station Before and After Technology Reform
Volume of Water Consumption
No.
1
Pre-reform
Water
Consuming
Unit/System
Type of Water
Consumption
Production
Line
of
Water
consumption for
Consumption
m3/t
55.4
Post-reform
Average
Consumption
Rate
m3/t
m3/h
441
54
34
Variation of
Average
Water
Rate
Consumption
m3/h
m3/d
271
-4084
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2
3
Chemical
Reed Pulp
general production
Oxygen
Preparation
Station
Water
consumption for
general production
Total
Water
consumption for
general production
Table 2-18
No.
441
Consumption of Clear
Water (m3/d)
Bleached chemical reed
pulp
6544.8
Bleached chemical wood
pulp
9676
Alkali recovery
13680
5
Aspen
chemi-mechanical pulp
7147
6
Deinked pulp
12855
7
1# Paper Machine Room
7941
8
2# Paper Machine Room
1401
3# Paper Machine Room
7034
4# Paper Machine Room
1997
5# Paper Machine Room
1040
12
6# Paper Machine Room
10102
13
7# Paper Machine Room
14118
2
3
9
10
11
Pulp
Making
System
Paper
Machine
System
Thermal Power Boiler, water addition
2130
Thermal Power Station, circulation
cooling water addition
15650
Thermal Power Station, industrial use
5720
15
Water Treatment Plant
3600
16
Wastewater Treatment Station
1250
17
Total
14
+40.8
272.7
－4043.2
Water Consumption by the Whole Plant After Technology Reform
Production Unit / Workshop
1
1.7
121885.8
55
Remarks
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2. Wastewater Discharge
After the technology reform, the volume of wastewater discharge from the Chemical
Reed Pulp Making System shall be reduced as well, the data on wastewater discharge
from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room before and after the technology reform are
listed in Table 2-19. The overall water balance of the Plant after the technology reform is
illustrated in Figure 2-10.
Table 2-19
Variations of Wastewater Discharge from Chemical Reed Pulp Making System
Before and After Technology Reform
Volume of Wastewater Discharge
No.
1
2
Wastewater
Discharge
Unit/System
Type of
Wastewater
Discharge
Production
Line
of
Chemical
Reed Pulp
Water consumed
for
general
production
Total
Water consumed
for
general
production
Pre-reform
Post-reform
Discharge
m3/t
Average
rate
m3/h
Discharge
m3/t
Average
rate
m3/h
Variation of
Discharge
Volume
m3/d
54
590
21.1
168.5
－4043.2
187.5
－3600
337.5
2.2.5.2 Power Supply
The current supply of electricity from outside include two 2×110kV lines, from
Baling Transformer Substation (220Kv) and Luowang Transformer Substation (220Kv)
respectively, one for use and one for backup. The newly increased load of power demand
is 4003kW, which is planned to be supplied from the nearby No.2 Transformer Station,
the power saved from the dismantled units shall be used for the Project construction.
2.2.5.3 Thermal Power Station
The Project is cleaner production technology reform of the Chemical Pulp Bleaching
System, i.e., to change the CEF bleaching process into ECF bleaching process, in addition
to the replacement of the Vacuum Pulp Washer. There is no increase of thermal load for
the Project construction, so the existing productivity of the Thermal Power Station is
capable of meeting the thermal power demand of the whole Plant after reform.
2.2.6 Technical Indices for Main Processes
The technical parameters used for the main processes of the Chemical Reed Pulp
Making System are listed in Table 2-20.
56
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-20
No.
Technical Parameters for Main Processes of Chemical Reed Pulp Making System
Index
Unit
Quantity
1
Working days per annum
d/a
340
2
Working hours per day
h/d
24
3
Rigidity of coarse pulp
KP value
13
4
Rate of black liquid extraction
%
92~95
5
Concentration of pulp
Double-Roller Squeezer
%
25~35
6
Temperature for delignification
℃
90
7
Concentration of delignified pulp
%
10
8
Reaction time of delignification
min
60
9
Pulp rigidity after delignification
KP value
5～7
10
Concentration of pulp at Pressure
Screen
%
2~4.5
11
Yielding rate of coarse pulp
%
48～52
12
Yielding rate of bleached pulp
%
42～43
13
Whiteness of bleached pulp
% (ISO)
80～83
14
Concentration of black liquid at
Alkali Recovery Room
% DS
10
from
Remarks
2.2.7 Consumption of Raw & Auxiliary Materials and Energy
The consumption of raw materials, auxiliary materials and energy by the Chemical
Reed Pulp Making System after the technology reform is listed in Table 2-21, the
consumption of raw materials and power for chlorine dioxide preparation is listed in Table
2-22, and the power consumption at the Oxygen Preparation Station is listed in Table
2-23.
Table 2-21
Consumption of Raw Materials and Energy by Chemical Reed Pulp Making System
After Technology Reform
Consumption Index (ton
pulp)
No.
Annual Consumption
Material
1
Reed (including 10% water content)
2
Alkali for cooking use
Unit
Index
Value
Unit
Volume
t
2.38
t
121380
kg
368
t
18768
57
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
In which: NaOH (100%)
kg
350
t
17850
Na2S (100%)
kg
18
t
918
3
Alkali for bleaching (NaOH 100%)
kg
30
t
1530
4
Oxygen for bleaching
kg
16
t
816
5
H2O2 for bleaching (100%)
kg
5
t
255
6
Chlorine dioxide
kg
17
t
867
7
Magnesium sulfate
kg
3
t
153
8
DTPA
kg
1
t
51
9
Water
m3
34
t
2210000
10
Electricity
kwh
400
kwh
20400000
11
Steam
t
2.1
t
107100
Table 2-22 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power for Chlorine Dioxide Preparation
1tClO2 Consumption
Index
No.
Annual Consumption
Material
Unit
Index
Value
Unit
Volume
1
Sodium chlorate
t
1.64
t
5074
2
Methanol
t
0.15
t
464
3
Suphuric acid
t
1
t
3094
4
Electricity
kWh
200
kWh
618800
5
Steam
t
5
t
15470
6
Water (recycled)
m3
155
m3
479570
In which: chilled water (7~10℃)
m3
100
m3
309400
Cooling water (≤30℃)
m3
55
m3
170170
t
1.4
t
4332
7
Byproduct: mirabilite (purity 91%)
58
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-23 Consumption of Raw Materials and Power at Oxygen Preparation Station
No.
Material
Unit
Volume
Remarks
1
Electricity
Installed
capacity: kW
500
2
Water
m3/h
1.7
3
Cooling water (≤30℃)
m3/h
25
Recycled
4
Oxygen flow rate
Nm3/h
500
Pressure: 12bar
2.2.8 Main Equipments
The main equipments installed for the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System are listed
in Table 2-24, Table 2-25 and Table 2-26.
Table 2-24
No.
Main Equipments of Chemical Reed Pulp Making System
Equipment
Model
Quantity
100m2
1
Remarks
1
Vacuum Pulp Washer
2
Delignification System (including the Mixer,
Delignification Tower and Spray Tower)
1
Key
imported
abroad
parts
from
3
D0 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and
Bleaching Tower)
1
Key
imported
abroad
parts
from
4
Eo Bleaching System (including the Mixer and Eo
Tower)
1
Key
imported
abroad
parts
from
5
D1 Bleaching System (including the Mixer and
Bleaching Tower)
1
Key
imported
abroad
parts
from
6
Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump
4
7
Vacuum Pulp Washer of Bleaching Unit
8
Tank
1
9
Pump
1
80m2
59
4
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-25
No.
Main Equipments for Chlorine Dioxide Preparation
Equipment
Model
Quantity
Remarks
Capacity of chlorine dioxide
preparation: 12t/d
1
Imported from
abroad
1
Chlorine Dioxide
Generator
2
Reboiler
1
Imported from
abroad
3
Circulation Tube of
Generator
1
Imported from
abroad
4
Cooler
1
Imported from
abroad
5
Chlorine Dioxide
Absorption Tower
1
Imported from
abroad
6
Exhaust Gas Washing
Machine
1
Imported from
abroad
7
Mirabilite Suspension
Tank
1
Imported from
abroad
8
Mirabilite Suspension
Filter
1
Imported from
abroad
Table 2-26
No.
Equipment
Main Equipments of Oxygen Preparation Station
Model
Quantity
Remarks
Capacity of oxygen
preparation: 500Nm3/h
1
Air Blower
1
2
Absorption Tower
2
3
Surge Tank
1
4
Vacuum Pump
1
5
Oxygen Compressor
1
2.2.9 Production Processes
2.2.9.1 Bleaching Process after Technology Reform
The screened pulp is pumped into the Vacuum Pulp Washer of the new production
line for washing and condensing, after which the pulp (concentration 10%) goes through
the Discharging Helix Tube and enters into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube of
D0 Pump. D0 Process is a medium-concentration upflow bleaching process, during which
the steam is filled into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for heating, after having
reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the Medium-Concentration Pulp
60
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration Mixer, where it is mixed with
chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D0 Tower, after certain time, the pulp is pumped
out of D0 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is diluted by white water and sodium
hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is removed. EP Process is a
medium-concentration downflow bleaching process, during which caustic soda and
Hydrogen peroxide is added into the Discharging Helix Tube of D0 Pulp Washer, then
heated by the Double-Roller Mixer and sent to EP Tower, then the pulp from EP Pulp
Washer goes through the Helix Conveyor and enters into the Medium-Concentration
Vertical Tube of D1 Pump. D1 Process is a medium-concetration upflow bleaching process,
during which the steam is filled into the into the Medium-Concentration Vertical Tube for
heating, after having reached the bleaching temperature, the pulp is pumped by the
Medium-Concentration Pulp Pump into the Chlorine Dioxide Medium-Concentration
Mixer, where it is mixed with chlorine dioxide and then pumped into D1 Tower, after
certain time, the pulp is pumped out of D1 Tower from the top outlet, after which it is
diluted by white water and sodium hyposulfite solution and the residual chlorine is
removed. The pulp from D1 Tower is sent to the newly installed 80m2 Drum-Type
Vacuum Pulp Washer for washing, after which it is pumped by the Medium-Concentration
Pulp Pump into the Post-Bleaching Pulp Storage Tower, where it is diluted by white water
and pumped into the Double-Net Press Filter for dehydration, then it is sent to the Paper
Machine Room. Some wastewater will be generated during the bleaching process, which
shall be treated at the Wastewater Sedimentation Tank for being used at the Bleaching
Unit, no part of it is discharged outside the System. The process flow of the bleaching unit
after technology reform is illustrated in Figure 2-10.
2.2.9.3 Chlorine Dioxide Preparation
The preparation of chlorine dioxide is based on R8 Process, i.e., the sodium chloride
solution, sulphuric acid and methanol are added separately into different units of the
Chlorine Dioxide Preparation System, including the Reactor, Reboiler, Circulation Tube
and Circulation Pump. The generated chlorine dioxide gas and water vapor are filled
together into the Chlorine Dioxide Absorption Tower, where it is sprayed and absorbed
into chlorine dioxide solution by the chilled water (7～10℃) and stored at the Chlorine
Dioxide Storage Tank, then it shall be sent to the Bleaching Unit of the Pulp Making
Room. The complete system operates under negative pressure, the exhaust gas and
noncondensable gas is washed and discharged through the Draught Fan. In the process of
reaction, a byproduct of mirabilite is produced and sent to the Alkali Recovery Room for
use. The process flow is illustrated in Figure 2-11.
The raw material of methanol is pumped from the Storage Tank and filtered and then
diluted by fresh water to get a volume concentration at 20%, then it is added into the
Generator System through the Venturi Tube behind the Reboiler. The concentrated H2SO4
is pumped by a Material Supply Pump into the Filter, the filtered H2SO4 is sent to Venturi
Tube for automization by hot water and then sent to the Generator System. The raw
material of NaClO3 crystal is first sent to the Dissolving Tank for complete dissolution
and sedimentation, then be pumped by the Discharging Pump into the Storage Tank for
storage, then be pumped out by a Material Supply Pump and sent to the Filter, after which
it enters into the lower Circulation Tube of the Generator and be pumped by the
Circulation Pump into the Reboiler and then Generator. The generated ClO2 is released
from the Generator, and the residual liquid and byproducts left after reaction and shall
61
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
gravitate to the bottom of the Generator and become the mother liquid, which shall
circulate between the Reboiler and the Generator continuously driven by the Circulation
Pump, at the same time it continues to mix with the continuously added NaClO3 solution,
concentrated sulphuric acid and methanol for continuous reaction and generation of ClO2
gas. During the continuous generation of ClO2, a byproduct of mirabilite is also
continuously crystallizing inside the Generator. Part of the liquid (containing crystal
mirabilite) inside the Generator shall be pumped by a Supply Pump into the Mirabilite
Filter to get the crystal mirabilite, which shall be dissolved by hot water and pumped into
the Alkali Recovery Room for use. The mother liquid left inside the Filter shall be sent
back to the Circulation System of the Generator for further circulation and reaction. The
gas of ClO2 generated inside the Generator is diluted by water vapor and become a mixed
gas containing a very small content of chlorine gas, the mixed gas comes out of the top of
the Generator and enters into the Indirect Gas Cooler for cooling down, then it enters into
the Absorption Tower and is absorbed by chilled water and forms into ClO2 solution,
which is sent by a Transfer Pump to the ClO2 Solution Storage Tank, finally is pumped by
the Transport Pump to the Bleaching Unit for use.
62
Natural
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulpcolor
Chemical
pulpBleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Pre-bleaching
Pulp Tower
Pre-bleaching
Pulp Pump
Middle-stage
drainage
Filtrate
Middle-stage
drainage
Filtrate
Middle-stage
drainage
Filtrate
Middle-stage
drainage
Filtrate
★
★
★
★
Pre-bleaching
Filtrate Tank
Pre-bleaching
Filtrate Tank
Pre-bleaching
Pulp Washer
D0 Pulp
Washer
EOP Pulp Washer
D1 Pulp
Washer
Vertical Tube of
M-C Pulp Pump
Vertical Tube of
M-C Pulp Pump
Vertical Tube of
M-C Pulp Pump
Post-bleaching
Pulp Tower
D0 Filtrate Tank
H2O2
NaOH
NaOH
D0 Filtrate Tank
D0 Medium-Concen.
Pulp Pump
M-pressure
steam
EOP
Medium-Concen.
Pulp Pump
Post-bleaching
Pulp Pump
M-pressure
steam
M-pressure
steam
Steam Heater
D1 Medium-Concen.
Pulp Pump
Steam Heater
Steam Heater
Rotary Drum
Squeezer
H2SO4
C102
C102
Medium-Concen. White
Liquid Mixing Tower
Medium-Concen. White
Liquid Mixing Tower
Medium-Concen. White
Liquid Mixing Tower
D0 Bleaching
Tower
EOP Pre-reaction
Tower
D1 Bleaching
Tower
Na2S2O3
Na2S2O3
Top Scraper
Unloader
EOP Chemical
Reaction Tower
Top Scraper
Unloader
EOP Tower Pulp
Outflow Pump
Figure 2-10 Process Flow of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching After Technology Reform
The vacuum needed by the Generator System and Mirabilite Filter is generated
respectively by two Vacuum Injectors (Venturi Device) in which medium-pressure steam
63
White Pulp Tank
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
is used for suction. The exhaust gas generated by the whole System enters into the Gas
Washing Tower to be washed by chilled water and released into the air, the thin ClO2
solution after gas washing enters into the Absorption Tower for further absorption and
concentration, the chilled water used for absorption and washing is generated by the
Chilling Unit.
64
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Solid sodium
chlorate
Methanol
Sodium Chlorate
Dissolution Tank
Methanol
Unloading Pump
Sulphuric
acid
Clear water
Sulphuric acid
Chilled Water
Unit
Unloading Pump
Wastewater
Sodium Chlorate
Transport Pump
Methanol
Storage Tank
Sulphuric acid
Storage Tank
Chilled Water
Tank
Exhaust Gas
Blower
▲
Dissolved Sodium
Chlorate Storage Tank
Methanol Loading
Pump
Sulphuric acid
Gas Washing
Tower
Chilled Water Liquid
Moving Pump
Loading Pump
▲
Chilled Water
Filter
Spray
Condenser
Sodium Chlorate
Loading Pump
Absorption
Tower
Vacuum Injector
Re-boiler
Vacuum Injector
Indirect Gas
Cooler
Reactor
M-Pressure
steam
Circulation
Pump
Chlorine Dioxide Liquid
Moving Pump
Mirabilite Filter
Release
Pump
Absorption Tower
Water Seal Tank
Chlorine Dioxide
Storage Tank
■
Mirabilite
Distribution
■ Solid waste
pollution
source
▲ Waste gas
pollution
source
Chlorine Dioxide
Transport Pump
Chlorine Dioxide
Solution to Bleaching
Unit
Figure 2-11 Post-reform Chlorine Dioxide Preparation Process
65
M-Pressure
steam
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.2.9.4 Oxygen Preparation Station
The Pressure Swing Absorption Oxygen Generator is used for oxygen preparation,
the filtered air is sent by the Blower from the bottom of the Absorption Tower, where the
active alumina removes the hydrone and CO2 molecule, then the air comes to the upper
part of the Tower and passes through the fixed Zeolite Molecular Sieve, during which the
nitrogen molecule is absorbed and dispersed into the solid, while the oxygen and argon
atoms enter into the Buffer Tank and then the Oxygen Compressor to be compressed with
needed pressure, then the oxygen is sent to the Pulp Making Room for use.
2.2.10 Comparison of the Processes Before and After Technology Reform
1. Disadvantages of CEH 3-Stage Bleaching:
The traditional chlorine-containing bleaching process has been used for the Chemical
Reed Pulp Making System, i.e., the so called CEH bleaching process (Chlorination –
Alkali Extraction – Hypochlorite Bleaching). The wastewater pollution caused by CEH
bleaching is very serious, besides the high burden of BOD and COD, large amount of
organic chloride is generated, some with extremely high degree of carcinogenicity; the
wastewater generated during CEH bleaching is hard to dispose, and a large proportion of
organic chloride can not degrade during biochemical treatment. The chemical agent used
for bleaching accounts for 15～25% of the total amount used for chemical pulp making,
and the release of this part of chemicals together with the wastewater discharge is a major
wasting. In addition, since the wastewater can not be reused, the volume of water
consumption by the whole System is very high. Such method of bleaching can not meet
the demand for sustainable development because it causes serious environmental pollution
and huge resources wasting. The specific disadvantages are:
①Environmental damage caused by bleaching agents. The bleaching agents used for
CEH 3-stage bleaching are mainly chlorine-containing agent---chlorine gas and
hypochlorite. Chlorine is a poisonous gas that damages the ozone and reacts with water
drops into acid substance, then acid rain is formed and causes corrosion to the buildings.
Hypochlorite has lower degree of toxicity, but this oxident is so strong that it kills the
microbes living in waters, the organic substances in the oxidation water turns into organic
chlorine.
②Organic chloride pollution caused by traditional bleaching process. Large amount
of organic chloride (AOX) is generated during the bleaching process, the main substances
include: chloroform---extremely high toxicity and carcinogenicity, the chronic poisoning
will cause damage to livers and kidneys with a series of symptoms; in addition,
chloroform is one of the substances generating phosgenic substances and causing serious
damage to ozone; chlorinated phenolic compounds---the use of chlorine-containing
bleaching agent will also result in the generation of toxic chlorinated organics during
delignification process, which are not easy to conduct biochemical or non-biochemical
degradation, and the discharge of such substances into the natural waters will cause harm
to production: low concentration and slow accumulation causing pathology, high
concentration causing death directly; chlorinated dioxin and furan---toxic substances
causing cancers, pathological change, dysgenesis and multiple carnial nerve palsy.
③Wastewater from traditional bleaching can not be reused. At present, pulpmaking
enterprises installed with alkali recovery system have all solved the problem of pollution
66
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
caused by cooking waste liquid, which has brought economic benefits, so the main
pressure is mainly from the bleaching wastewater from Chemical Pulp Making System.
For an Advanced Pulp Plant with a well functioning alkali recovery system, if the
wastewater from bleaching is discharged without treatment, the pollution burden will
account for more than 85% of the whole Plant’s pollution burden. However, it can not be
used for pulp washing and floor washing, just as white water from paper making is used,
so the loss of chemicals from direct discharge is a huge waste of resources. During the
bleaching of pulp by using chlorine-containing bleaching agent, about 92% chlorine
element shall turn into chloridion that reacts with sodium and forms the substance sodium
chloride, the rest 8% chlorine element is transformed into organic chlorine. If such
bleaching wastewater is used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking
liquid, due to it’s soluble nature in water, the resultant chloridion concentration in alkali
liquid shall definitely reduce the concentration of alkali after green liquid causticization, at
the same time the chloridion is corrosive to the equipment, so the bleaching wastewater
must be released, which is a waste of resources in addition to the environmental pollution.
However, the volume of alkali used for pulp bleaching accounts for 2～4% of the pulp
volume and 15～25% of the total consumption of alkali for pulp making, plus the high
content of organic substances in the wastewater, if the wastewater may be recycled and
used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, the chemicals would
be recycled, the thermal energy contained by the organics would be obtained, and the cost
for wastewater treatment would be saved.
2. Advantages of ECF Bleaching Compared with Traditional Single-Stage H
Bleaching or 3-Stage CEH Bleaching:
In design of the technology reform Project, ECF bleaching technology is selected
based on the consideration of economic benefits and environmental protection benefits,
which is a technology based on chlorine dioxide and having become the dominating
technology in modern enterprises of bleached chemical pulp making. With same volume
of effective chlorine used for bleaching, the volume of organic chloride (AOX) generated
in chlorine dioxide bleaching is only 1/5 of that in Cl2 bleaching, so the acidity, chroma
and sodium chloride content shall be reduced, in addition, ECF bleaching can hardly
generate dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins.
①Permanent Applicability
During the past decade, onsite investigation and chemical analysis showed that the
discharge of wastewater from a well managed paper plant using ECF bleaching almost
contains no dioxin or persistent bioaccumulative toxins. The residual chlorine containing
organic substances left after ECF bleaching contains a type of component similar to those
naturally degradable and permanent substances. Research showed that these substances
will not cause damage to the aquatic ecosystem.
②Pollution Prevention
The prevention of pollution is not just the prevention of the entrance of pollutant
sources into the ecosystem or afterpollution treatment. Pollution control and wastewater
treatment is not sufficient for serious prevention. It is declared by the Dioxin Emission
International Joint Commission of Canadian Bleached Chemical Pulp and Paper Plant that
the substitution of element chlorine bleaching by chlorine dioxide bleaching for pulp
67
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
making is a significant achievement. Such substitution has almost eliminated the
possibility of dioxin generation.
③Best Applicable Technology
In 1990s, in order to respond to the public concern on environment, the government
authorities promulgated a number of new regulations on paper industry. One common
feature of these regulations and rules is the “Best Applicable Technology” (BAT). The use
of chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching will generate some toxic substances, but these
substances will cause very limited damage to the environment or pollution to the
atmosphere. Meanwhile, wastewater generated during ECF bleaching may be recycled and
used for pulp washing or as dilution water for making cooking liquid, as a result, the water
consumption for pulp making is saved, the base in the wastewater is recycled, and the
thermal energy in the organics is obtained. In addition, the pulp after ECF bleaching has a
superb quality, so U.S.A and EU have regarded ECF bleaching as the core element of
BAT.
2.2.11 Main Pollutant Sources of Technology Reform Project and Proposed Measures for
Pollutiion Treatment
2.2.11.1 Wastewater
The Project is mainly the technology reform for the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical
Reed Pulp Making System. According to the Project analysis, the discharge of wastewater
from the Chemical Reed Pulp Making Room is 10115.8m3/d, a volume after a reduction of
4043.2m3/d compared to pre-reform discharge, mainly middle-stage wastewater with the
main contents including fiber suspension SS and organic pollutants BOD and COD.
According to the installation level of the paper making process equipments, data on the
estimated water quality of the discharged wastewater are listed in Table 2-27.
Table 2-27
No.
Wastewater
Source
Data Sheet of the Project’s Sources of Wastewater Pollutants
Daily
Discharge
m3/d
1
Chemical
Reed Pulp
Making
Room
10115.8
Water Quality (mg/L)
BOD5
CODcr
SS
pH
AOX
Dioxin
478
1380
148
10.5
6.67
Minimum
At present, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd has established two Aerobic
Wastewater Treatment Stations (Q1=60000m3/d, Q2=60000m3/d) in which the technology
of secondary biotreatment has been adopted. After the technology reform, the
middle-stage wastewater generated from the Chemica Reedl Pulp Making System shall be
treated at the Aerobic Treatment System (I) and then the Level III Vapor Floatation Unit,
after which the water quality of the wastewater shall meet the standard limits for discharge
of water pollutants from newly constructed enterprises as specified in Table 2 of the
“Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008).
68
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.2.10.2 Waste Gas
For the reform of the Bleaching Unit of the Chemical Reed Pulp Making System,
according to the Project analysis and the investigation on the Chlorine Dioxide
Preparation Unit of Yuanjiang Paper Plant, a small amount of exhaust gas shall be
generated during the Project’s chlorine dioxide preparation process, in which there is the
content of ClO2 and very small amount of Cl2. The exhaust gas generated from the System
shall be sent to the Gas Washing Tower where chilled water is used for washing, after
which the diluted ClO2 solution enters into the Absorption Tower to continue absorbing
ClO2 for higher concentration, the small amount of Cl2 is released directly by the Blower.
The small generation of Cl2 shall cause very limited impact on the environment.
2.2.10.3 Solid Waste
The solid waste generated from the Project construction mainly includes the
byproduct of crystal mirabilite generated during the process of chlorine dioxide
preparation and the sludge from the operation of the Wastewater Treatment System.
Certain byproducts shall be generated from the preparation of chlorine dioxide,
mainly the crystal mirabilite at a rate of 4332t/a, which shall be filtered and used for the
Alkali Recovery System. The volume of sludge generated from this part of wastewater
after treatment is about 0.4t/a, which may be sent directly to the Thermal Power Station
for incineration in the Biomass Boiler.
2.2.10.4 Noise
The sources of noise generated during the Project construction are mainly the Pulp
Pumps, Water Pumps and Air Compressors. The equipments that generate noise, as well
as the noise levels, are listed in Table 2-28.
Table 2-28
Equipment
Noise Levels at Main Workshops
Source Intensity of Indoor
Noise Leq[dB(A)]
Reed Chipper
94
Pulp Pump, Water Pump
86
Air Compresser
110
Pulp Washer
90
Source Intensity of Outdoor
Noise Leq[dB(A)]
80
2.3 Overall Discharge of Main Pollutants Before and After Technology Reform
2.3.1 Wastewater
After the technology reform, the discharge of wastewater pollutants from the whole Plant shall
be reduced respectively. After a reduction of 1102.9t/a, 58.1t/a and 439.1t/a respectively, the
discharge of wastewater pollutants after the technology reform are CODCr 2630.3t/a, BOD5 584.5t/a
and SS 876.7t/a respectively.
69
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 2-29
Variations of Wastewater Discharge Before and After Technology Reform
Wastewater
Discharge
(10,000m3/a)
CODCr
Discharge
(t/a)
BOD5
Discharge
(t/a)
SS
Discharge
(t/a)
Actual discharge from the existing
Project
3060
3733.2
642.6
1315.8
Up-to-standard discharge from the
existing Project
3060
2754
612
918
2922.5
2630.3
584.5
876.7
-137.5
-1102.9
-58.1
-439.1
-137.5
-123.7
-27.5
-41.3
Item
Total discharge after technology reform
Total discharge after technology reform
－the actural discharge from the existing
Project
Total discharge after technology reform
－up-to-standard discharge from the
existing Project
2.3.2 Waste Gas
According to calculation, the Thermal Power Station is capable of meeting the
thermal demand of the whole Plant after the Project construction, therefore, there is no
need for increasing the capacity of thermal supply. The emission of atmospheric pollutants
from the whole Plant after the technology reform will remain the same, i.e., SO2 1491.8t/a,
dust 264.87t/a and NOX 1342.4t/a.
Table 2-30 Emission of Waste Gas After Technology Reform
Item
Waste Gas
Emission
(t/a)
Dust Emission
(t/a)
NOX
Emission
(t/a)
SO2 Emission
(10,000m3/a)
Actual emission from the existing
Project
725961.7
1491.8
264.87
1342.4
Total emission after technology
reform
725961.7
1491.8
264.87
1342.4
70
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
2.3.3 Solid Waste
The solid waste generated from the Project construction for technology reform
includes mainly the sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Station and mirabilite, the
sludge generated after wastewater treatment is used as Boiler fuel, while the mirabilite is
used for Alkali Recovery System. The total volume of solid waste generated from the
whole Plant after the technology reform is 346895t/a, and the rate of comprehensive use is
100%.
2.4 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning and Environmental
Protection Policies
2.4.1 Conformity of Technology Reform to Environmental Protection Policies
According to the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry”
(GB3544-2008), the standard for the discharge of AOX, benchmark wastewater discharge
per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater shall be higher and stricter.
Therefore, ECF technology is a practical and mature option for the permanent survival of
paper industry. Due to the elimination of normally used element chlorine bleaching
process that causes serious pollution and the adoption of element chlorine free bleaching
process, the generation of dioxin has been reduced, the AOX emission index for
wastewater discharge has been lowered, in addition, the advanced treatment of wastewater
from pulp making is useful in reducing the discharge of pollutants and wastewater, which
is in accordance with the policies on environmental protection.
2.4.2 Conformity of Technology Reform to Industry Planning
2.4.2.1 In Conformity to Overall Plan of National Economy and Social Development
Since the outbreak of international financial crisis, China’s paper industry has been
affected greatly. Due to the obstacles in export of products made by various industries, the
market of packing paper and newsprint, which is a large proportion of the market of paper
products, has been shrinking, plus the decreased demand in overseas market, the sales of
paper products has been falling down, and the development of paper industry has been
impeded. In 2008, China’s total production of machine-made paper and paperboard was
83,900,000t, a year-on-year increase of 8.75%. While in 2007, the increase over 2006 was
13.08%. Compared to 2007, the increasing speed has been slowing down. Since the third
quarter of 2008, the storage of paper products has been increasing, enterprises have to stop
or reduce production, the product prices have been dropping rapidly as well. As to the
total production and consumption of machine-made paper and paperboard, the supply has
exceeded the demand; in terms of product type, the shocks on packing paper and
newsprint are bigger, while the commodity market of disposable toilet paper has displayed
a prosperous outlook in production and distribution.
In 2000, China’s total production of paper and paperboard was 30,500,000t, then it
was increased to 83,900,000t in 2008. The production of packing paper in 2000 and 2008
was 12,500,000t and 37,500,000t respectively, so the amplitude of packing paper
production has exceeded much over the amplitude of total paper production. In 2007 in
China, the proportion of packing paper production in total production of paper and
paperboard was 49.54%, which is much higher than the world average level of 45.20%. In
2007, the year-on-year increase of packing paper production was 14.44%, while the
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consumption increase over the same period was 11.36%, the speed of production increase
was higher than that of consumption increase obviously.
The impact on the commodity market (including disposable toilet paper) caused by
financial crisis is not very serious, no matter how far the global economy declines, the
people’s basic demand for commodities shall not decrease. Similarly, the financial crisis
will not cause great impact on the export of commodities. In 2008, the disposable hygienic
products domestically made, including those produced by multinational companies in
China, were mostly distributed in domestic market, which has ensured the stable and rapid
increase of market share. During the past two decades, China’s market of disposable
hygienic products has been growing rapidly, the market size in 2007 was about RMB40bn,
or 10% of the global market, the estimated market size in 2008 was RMB45bn.
With the promulgation of “Paper Industry Development Policy” and the enhanced
measures for energy conservation, emission reduction and eliminaton of outdated
productivity, as well as the implementation of new standards for pollutants discharge by
papermaking enterprises, the governments at various levels will strengthen the supervision
and management of papermaking enterprises, the paper manufacturers at unreasonable
economic size and discharging over-standard pollutants while consuming higher volume
of energy and water will be phased out definitely, and this situation is promising for larger
market space for manufacturers suitable for development, just like the Project.
The Project is a technology reform project aimed for environmental protection, the
traditional element chlorine bleaching process that causes serious pollution shall be
eliminated and replaced by the newly constructed production line adopting the element
chlorine free bleaching process, the Project is in accordance with the national policy for
industry development and the overall plan of national economy and social development.
2.4.2 2. In Conformity to Industry Development Planning
According to Article 22 of the “Paper Industry Development Policy”, “The paper
industry technologies should develop towards a direction of higher level, lower
consumption and low pollution. Encourage the development and application of
high-yielding pulpmaking technologies, biotechnologies, low-pollution pulpmaking
techchnologies, medium-concentration technologies, element chlorie free or total chlorine
free bleaching technologies, low-energy-consumption mechanical pulpmaking
technologies, …” According to Article 23, “…Forbid the use of lime process pulpmaking,
forbid the newly approved projects to use chlorine bleaching process (enterprises using
this process should phase out gradually). Forbid the import of eliminated and outdated
second-hand pulpmaking and papermaking equipments”. According to the “Discharge
Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), stricter standards shall
be implemented for the discharge of AOX contained in wastewater, benchmark
wastewater discharge per unit product and water quality of discharged wastewater.
Therefore, the adoption of ECF bleaching process based on chlorine dioxide is a practical
and mature technical choice for permanent survival of paper industry. The comprehensive
use and recycle of white sludge and coal slag and the use of advanced wastewater
treatment technology are measures in accordance with the principles of comprehensive use
and cleaner production specified in the “Paper Industry Development Policy”.
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3 Regional Overviews
3.1 Basic Facts of National Environment
3.1.1 Geographical Position
As a municipality under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located in the
northern region of Hunan Province, 112º18΄31˝～114º9΄6˝ east longitude and 28º25΄33˝～
29º51΄00˝ north latitude. With Jin’er Mountain standing on the east side and Dongtinghu
Lake shining in the west section, as well as the connection to Yangtze River in the
northern part and other rivers in the southern part, it is right at the intersection of
Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River. Yueyang City’s eastern neighbors include Tong’gu
and Xiushui Counties (Jiangxi) and Tongcheng County (Hubei), the utmost east point is
Jiaoche’ao of Dakouduan Township, Pingjiang County; its southern neighbors include
Liuyang County, Changsha City and Wangcheng County (Hunan), the utmost south point
is Huangnijie of Fushoushan Forestry Station, Pingjiang County; its west neighbours
include Yuanjiang County, Nan County and Anxiang County (Hunan), the utmost west
point is the middle of Xi’ouchi River at Jiangxinzhou, Youyi Village, Meitianhu
Township, Huarong County; its northern neighbours include Chibi, Honghu, Jianli and
Shishou Counties/Cities (Hubei), the utmost north point is the middle of Yangtze River at
Baishazhou, Huang’gai Township, Linxiang City. Stretching over a distance of 177.84km
from west to east and 157.87km from north to south, Yueyang City’s total land area is
15019.2km2, accounting for 7.05% of the total area of Hunan Province. The urban area is
824.4km2, accounting for 5.5% of the city’s total area, in which the downtown area is
60km2.
The Project area is next door to Chenglingji Port, and the neighboring industrial
enterprises mainly include Huaneng Yueyang Power Plant. Regarded as the northern
window for foreign trade of Hunan Province, Chenglingji Port has a special railway
connecting Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, plus the road to the National Road 107 and
Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, it is actually a key point for waterway and land
transportation.
3.1.2 Topographic Features and Geological Conditions of the Plant Area
The Plant of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd is located in the land right in front of
the western slope of Jiuling-Mufu Mountain, tilting from south to north until the Yangtze
River. The extensive land has a natural elevation at 28m~34.5m, topographically formed
by vermicular red earth hillocks and river sedimentation with a large number of lakes and
mash lands distributed in this area. Formed by ancient time erosion and accumulation,
there is no new sedimentation since proterozoic era, except for the Quaternary talus,
sedentary and lacustrine deposits. There is no major structural fault on the simple stratum,
the lower bedrock belongs to Shallow Metamorphised of Panchi System, Presinian. The
overcoat is the Quaternary deposit, including clay, mild clay and sandy gravel layers, the
extreme compression strength is 180kPa~390kPa, mostly higher than 200kPa.
The prospecting report of the existing project showed that the earth is composed from
top to bottom by miscellaneous fill, light loam, mild clay and medium sand, in which the
②layer is light loam, a weakening soil in the shape of flowing plastic containing organic
matters, the ③layer is mild clay that has higher strength and medium compressibility, and
the ④layer is medium sand with slight-medium density, the ③and ④layers are well
formed supporting course to the foundation, however, it is estimated that most part of
these two layers are deeply hidden, so it is necessary to use pile foundation.
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Part of the Project area has stable and evenly distributed clay and powder clay layer
with high strength and thickness, in addition, it’s not deeply hidden, so it may be used as
ideal natural layer of supporting course of the foundation, the estimated bearing capacity
may be as high as 300kPa. This area is featured with simple hydrogeology conditions and
intact clay structure, low degree of water permeability and mostly in dry state, with spring
water running out in lower sections, and the groundwater will not cause corrosion to the
foundation. According to the “Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China”
(GB18306-2001), the basic intensity of earthquake is 7 degree.
3.1.3 Hydrological Conditions
According to the statistics provided by Chenglingji Hydrologic Station (1954~2005),
The Yangtze River Yueyang section’s multi-year average rate of flow is 9940m3/s, the
multi-year average runoff is 2940×108m3, the actual monitored maximum annual average
runoff is 5267×108m3 (1954), the minimum annual aveage runoff is 1990×108m3 (1978),
the yearly variations of runoff are comparatively small. The period from May to October
is the flood season for Yangtze River Yueyang section, during which the average volume
of runoff accounts for 74% of the yearly volume, with the highest volume in July; the
period from November to April the next year is the drought season, during which the
average volume of runoff accounts for 26% of the yearly volume, with the lowest volume
in January. The monthly average volume of runoff measured over the past years is
20016m3/s. The multi-year average discharge of sediment is 4140×104t/a, and the
multi-year average concentration of sediment is 0.141kg/m3. The multi-year average water
level monitored at Chenglingji Hydrologic Station is 22.56m, the historic record of highest
water level is 33.91m, the historic record of lowest water level is 15.24m. The historic
records of highest and lowest water temperature are 35.3℃ and -2.6℃ respectively, and the
average water temperature is 17.8℃.
3.1.4 Distribution of Surface Water Resources
Yueyang City has an excellent water system composed by densely distributed lakes
and rivers, it is famous for the name of “Dongting Waterland”. Yueyang City is dominated
by Dongtinghu Lake whose basin area accounts for 90.93% of the total surface water area
of the city, secondary to which are Binjiang River and Poyang Lake water systems.
Besides Yangtze River, Xiangjiang River and Zishui River, there are another 232 rivers
longer than 5km, includig 110 rivers longer than 10km and 6 rivers longer than 50km.
Dongtinghu Lake water system is divided into lake shore water system and lake body
water system.
The lake shor water system includes the Miluo River water system, Xinqiang River
water system and Xiangjiang River water system:
①Xiangjiang River water system: basin area 230.90km2, accounting for 2.11% of the
city’s total area. The Grade 1 tributaries include Laodao River, Xia’ning River and
Zhangshugang River, the Grade 2 tributaries include Shahe River and Baisha River
originated from Yuchi Mountain.
②Miluo River water system: Miluo River is the biggest river in the area of Yueyang
City, the total basin area is 5618.87km2, including 5148.32km2 inside the City, accounting
for 47.11% of the city’s total area. Originated from Huanglong Mountain in Xiushui
County, Jiangxi Province and enters into the jurisdiction of Yueyang City at Longmen of
Pingjiang County, Miluo River runs through Changshou, Jiayi, Pingjiang City Gate,
Qingchongkou, Xinshi and Miluo City Gate and runs into Dongtinghu Lake along the foot
of Leishi Mountain of Miluo City, the total length is 253.2km.
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③Xinqiang River water system: As the second largest river in Yueyang City, the
total basin area of Xinqiang River is 2370km2, including 810.13km2 inside the City,
accounting for 7.41% of the City’s total area. This river has two sources, the south source
is Shagang River, which is the primary source originated from Baobeiling of Banjiang
Township, Pingjiang County, the basin area is 963km2. The north source is Yougang
River, originated from Majing of Longyuan Township, Linxiang City, the basin area is
973km2, it runs through Longyuan Reservoir, Yutan and Taolin and enters into Yueyang
County after Changtang Township of Linxiang City. The south and north sources meet at
Sanganju and the River runs through Xinqiang and Rongjiawan before it flows into
Dongtinghu Lake. The upstream of Xinqiang River runs across mountain area with high
yield of water, where the construction of Tieshan Reservoir has been finished as the
collective source of drinking water for Yueyang City, it is also the cross-basin water
source for solving the drought problem of the shallow hills around the Lake and along the
River.
Dongtinghu Lake water system: The length of Yangtze River inside Yueyang City is
75km; Zishui River enters into the City at Maojiaokou of Xiangyin County and meets the
west tributary of Xiangjiang River at Linzikou and then flows into Dongtinghu Lake;
Xiangjiang River enters into the City at Tiejiaoju of Xiangyin County and divides itself
into two at Haohekou, both of which flow into Dongtinghu Lake. In addition, Dongtinghu
Lake has 16 flatland tributaries, each of which has a basin over 5km2, totaled at
3749.10km2 and accounting for 34.30% of the City’s total area. Ouchi River and Huarong
River each has four estuaries running into the Lake, the multi-year average flow rate of
Ouchi River is 793m3/s, a length of 110km is within the City’s borders. Huarong River has
a dam built in 1958, before which the multi-year average flow rate was 335m3/s, a length
of 35km is within the City’s boders.
Binjiang River water system: It means the small rivers that flow into Yangtze River,
the basin area within the borders of Yueyang City is 989.39km2, in which 798.45km2 is
the area of Huanggai Lake basin, in addition, there are 22 rivers each of which has a
length over 5km, 9 rivers over 10km; the number of rivers with basin area larger than
5km2 is 22, plus 2 rivers whose basin area is over 50km2, 2 rivers over 100km2 and 1 river
over 300km2. The main rivers are Xindian River and Yuantan River. Xindian River
originates from Gangang County of Linxiang City, its length is 14km mostly along the
boundary of Hunan Province, the basin area is 441.8km2, including 149.5km2 inside
Yueyang City. Yuantan River originates from Bafang Mountain of Linxiang City with a
total length of 48km, its basin area is 389km2.
3.1.5 Groundwater Resources
The stratum of the Project area is an extremely weak water-bearing stratum where the
permeability coefficient is less than 0.07m/day+night, the elevation of the groundwater is
25.05-36.18m. According to the data provided by Hunan Provincial Hydrogeology
Research Institute, the annual precipitation supplies 1,794,000,000m3 to the groundwater,
the groundwater runoff in drought season is 439,000,000m3, to subtract the volume of
groundwater runoff in drought season from the volume of precipitation supply, the result
we get is the groundwater recharge: 1,355,000,000m3, then add the surface water volume,
the total volume of water resources is 8,633,000,000m3. The volume of groundwater
accounts for 15.69% of the total volume of water resources, mainly distributed at the
alluvial plain of Dongtinghu Lake and riverside in hillock areas.
Due to the complexity of geological structure caused by stratum development,
different types of groundwater have been formed. The sandy gravel stratum distributed in
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Dongtinghu Lake alluvial plain has medium reserve of pore water, the average water
inflow per well is 300-3000m3/d with small depth, usually at 0-5m; the gritstone, shale,
granite and silicolite distributed in hillock areas have small reserve of pore water with
different depths, usually at 0-30m. Crevice water is usually below the cracks of limestone
and exposes itself in the form of spring water. The area of limestone inside Yueyang City
is small, distributed in Wuli and Yanglousi Townships of Linxiang City.
The water quality of Yueyang City’s groundwater is at a high level characterized by
low degree of mineralization and simple content of chemicals, the most extensively
distributed groundwater is calcium bicarbonate water, second to which is sodium chloride
calcium water and calcium bicarbonate magnesium water, all of which are faintly acid
water with pH value at 5.7; the total rigidity is mostly below 4.2 degree, so it is extremely
softened water suitable for human drinking and farmland irrigation. The temperature of
the groundwater is usually at 15.25℃, with small variations with the change of seasons.
The exploitation of groundwater in the past was usually limited to domestic use, currently
part of the exploitation is used for industrial production. Due to serious pollution of the
surface water and unevenly distribution in terms of time and space, the problem of
drinking water shortage for human and livestock exists in some mountainous areas, so
groundwater has become the source of drinking water.
3.1.6 Climatic Characteristics
With its geographic location in the region transitting from central subtropics to
northern subtropics, Yueyang City has a continental subtropical mosoon climate, of which
the overall characteristics are: short period of chilly cold days, long period of frost-free
season, changeable temperature, frequent cold waves, obvious rainy season, drought in
summer, and four seasons distinctive from each other.
3.1.7 Soil and Vegetation
The Project area’s surface soil is the alluvium under the control of Yangtze River and
Dongtinghu Lake, mainly clay with the thickness at 0.4-12.64m and containing small
amount of sand, in colors of henna, tawny, bottle green and amaranth; the natural soil is
dominated by lacustrine soil and red earth, the farming land is mainly paddy soil and
vegetable soil.
The region’s artificial vegetation mainly includes Chinese parasol, pine, cedar, peach
and pear trees; the grain crops include mainly rice, etc.; cash crops include cole,
vegetables, melons and millets; the natural vegetation mainly includes silk grass,
Huitouqing and herba verbenae, etc on wasteland.
3.1.8 Natural Resources
The land of Yueyang City is endowed with abundant natural resources. It is the
national key base of excellent agricultural products, including grains, cotton, pork and fish,
four counties/cities have been respectively listed as one of the Top 100 Counties in terms
of grain, cotton and pork production, the byproducts such as organic tea, uncontaminated
vegetables, good-quality fruits, Yangtze crabs and Dongting black shrimp are welcomed
in the market.
Yueyang City has rich water resources, the area of fresh water is as large as
310,000ha, the largest one in China, which is beneficial to the development of crop
farming, freshwater fish raising and waterway transportation, in addition, it has provided a
good conditions for the development of modern industries that have large volume of water
consumption and high demand for transportation, such as papermaking industry.
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Yueyang City has various types of biotic resources, including 1118 types of wood
plant, 1224 types of medical plants, 131 types of water plants, a dozen breeds of domestic
animals and birds, 116 breeds of aquatic animals and 266 breeds of wild animals.
Yueyang City has about 60 types of minerals stored within its terrain, up to now, the
number of prospected large-scale mineral deposit has reached 27, in addition to 28
medium-scale prospected deposits and 45 small-scale prospected deposits, altogether more
than 200 deposits with minerals to be exploited; the 10 types of minerals include mainly
Au, Ag and Pb, etc., and the 20 types of non-metal minerals are dolomite, granite and
kaolin, etc. In addition, there are rare earth metals such as Nb, Ta and Be and a number of
underground mineral water resources.
3.1.9 Nature Reserves
Yueyang City has established 3 national and provincial nature reserves: East
Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve (national level), Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve
(provincial level) and Hengling Lake Nature Reserve (provincial level).
1. East Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve
It is a national nature reserve and the wetland birds protection base of Hunan
Province with the lake as its largest main body protection area and the city as its basis. For
its protection of comparatively complete ecosystem of peat, marsh and grassland wetland,
it has been assessed by the WWF as internationally important wetland. The East
Dongtinghu Lake Nature Reserve is located in the southern section of Jingjiang River, the
middlestream of Yangtze River, and it was included into the “List of Wetlands of
International Importance” Geographic coordinates: 112º43'-113º15' at east longitude and
28º59'-29º38' at north latitude, the area is 190,000ha, including the East Dongtinghu Lake
and the neighboring plain, hillocks and urban land. The topographic types change
significantly with the variations of the Lake’s water level, during dry season, the water
area is 49,940ha, including 20,300ha of reed, 36,400ha of marsh and shoal and 83,360ha
of farmland and hillocks; during wet season, the water area is 106,640ha, except for the
farmland and hillocks remain their land facies because of the protection by the dam, the
rest area is all merged into water.
The East Dongtinghu Lake has abundant resources of submerged plants, floating
plants and emergent aquatic plants. There are 131 types of recorded aquatic plants belong
to 40 families and 75 species. The commonly seen submerged plants include sedge and
black algae, floating plants commonly seen are lotus, gorgon euyale and duckweed, and
the emergent aquatic plants are usually raupo and reed.
According to geographic regionalization of animals, this area belongs to the
extension of the subregion of Central China in Oriental Realm, its special geographic
location and climatic conditions has provided the birds (especially aquatic birds) with
excellent condition for living through the winter, so it has become one of China’s main
habitats for overwintering birds and the extremely important winter home to migrant
aquatic birds. The main species of aquatic birds include: wild geese, white head crane,
grey crane, black stock and 11 types of ducks. Mammals such as Chinese river dolphin
and cowfish are often seen on the surface of the Lake, and there are about 20 types of cash
fishes, such as Chinese sturgeon and paddlefish, etc. The types of animals having been
included into the List of Animals Under Level 1 National Protection are: white head crane,
black stork, white stock, great bustard, Chinese merganser, Chinese river dolphin, Chinese
sturgeon and paddlefish, etc.; the animals under Level 2 protection include 28 types, such
as Eurasian spoonbill, swan, cowfish and mullet.
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2. Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve
It is a provincial level nature reserve located inside Jicheng Islet, northeast of
Huarong County and northwest of Yueyang City. This islet is in the middle of lower
Jingjiang River, it is in the shape of a boat with a width 0.5-3km from west to east and a
length of 9km from the north to south, and the total length of its banks is 30.1km, formerly
the location of Jicheng Towhship of Huarong County. In 1998 when the farmland on the
islet was turned back into lake islet, the residents were moved to other townships to settle
down. The total area of the nature reserve is about 4890ha, including 2700ha of the islet,
1700ha outside the dam, and 490ha of former water area of Yangtze River. In November
27, 2000, it was approved by the Provincial Government and became China’s fourth elk
protection zone. At present, the phase 1 construction is ongoing in this area, which is an
area transiting from the central subtropical zone to north subtropical zone with a
continental humid mosoon climate characterized by four dinstinctive seasons, moderate
light and heat, concentrated rainfall and short period of chilly days. This area is
surrounded by water on all sides, the southwest is the new course of Yangtze River, while
the northwest, north and southeast is the old course. As a alluvial plain formed by sand
from the Yangtze River, the ground height above sea level is 28-33m, the falling gradient
is less than 3 degree, and the existing dam’s elevation is 36m. The earth’s surface is
mostly sandy soil plus some clay loam. The number of discovered terrestrial vertebrates is
93, divided into 4 classes, 20 orders and 42 falimies; 51 fish species, divided into 11
orders and 19 families; 100 types of sampled insects, divided into 7 orders. Compared
with the same habitat in other areas of Hunan Province, this area has a higher degree of
biodiversity in terms of animal species. Yueyang Jicheng Elk Nature Reserve has 6 types
of animals under level 2 national protection, accounting for 6.45% of the type of wild
animals having been discovered inside the Nature Reserve, these 6 types are henharrier,
capebarn owl, eagle owl, glaucidium cuculoides, centropussinensis and otter, in which the
resource of glaucidium cuculoides is more abundant. This area has 76 types of terrestrial
wild animals “that are beneficial or have important value of economic and scientific
research and under national protection”, accounting for 81.72% of the total types of wild
animals living in the Reserve. The vascular plants growing in the Reserve are divided into
75 families, 189 genera and 264 species, including 30 species of woody plants, accounting
for 11.4% of the total species, mainly the introduced plants; 234 herbage species
accounting for 88.6%, mainly naturally distributed. The 264 species are divided into 32
species of hydrophyte (accounting for 12.1%), 72 species of hygrophyte (27.3%) and 160
species of mesophyte (60.6%). According to the natural conditions and social economy of
the Reserve, its nature is oriented as: based on the recovery of farmland into lake area, the
main tasks include the introduction and reproduction of elks, the protection of biodiversity
and the gradual restoration of natural wetland ecosystem, and the supporting activities
include scientific research, scientific knowledge dissemination and eco-friendly swimming,
so as to construct a demonstrative national nature reserve with the function of
environmental protection as a part of the national framework and interntional community.
Accoring to the “Nature Reserve Regulations of the People’s Republic of China” and
based on the internal and external investigation and analysis results, the Reserve is divided
into four function zones: core zone, buffer zone, experimental zone and ecobusiness zone.
The area of the core zone is about 1700ha, it is the concentrated distribution area of
wetland, rare and endangered wildlife and biodiversity. The buffer zone is around the core
zone, its area is 600ha, and it’s functioning as the external bracer of the core zone. The
experimental zone is located in the southern end of Lingjiang Islet with an area of 190ha.
The eco-business zone’s area is 2400ha, it promotes the development of the Nature
Reserve with its tourism and production incomes.
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3. Hengling Lake Nature Reserve
It is a provincial level nature reserve established in March 2001, mainly for the
protection of wetland fishes and birds. Under the jurisdiction of Xiangyin County and
located at the intersection between the South Dongtinghu Lake and East Dongtinghu Lake,
the Reserve has a water area of 600,000mu, segmented by a number of rivers inside. In
winter, the clear river water runs through the reed islet, not drying up throughout the year,
unlike those rivers in East Dongtinghu Lake that run dry early in the winter. Due to this
unique characteristic, the Reserve has been the winter home to pochards and mergansers.
The Project area is not inside in any of the three Nature Reserves, so the Project
construction will not cause major impact on the Reserves.
3.2 Overview of Social Environment
3.2.1 Administrative Division and Population
As a municipality directly under the Provincial Government, Yueyang City is located
in the northern region of Hunan Province as a political, economic, cultural and
transportation center of this region. It has jurisdiction over Miluo and Linxiang Cities,
Pingjiang, Yueyang, Huarong and Xiangyin Counties, as well as the four administrative
districts of Yueyanglou, Yunxi, Junshan and Quyuan. The total land area is 15019.2km2
and the population is 5,280,000, a sum of multi nationalities living here.
3.2.2 Social Economy
In 2005, Yueyang City realized a GDP of RMB62.857bn, having increased 11.7%
over the previous year. The added value realized by Primary Industry was RMB12.190bn,
an increase of 4.0%, the added value by the Secondary Industry was RMB29.194bn, an
increase of 16.2%, and the added value by the Tertiary Industry was RMB21.473bn, an
increase of 11.2%. Calculated based on the permanent resident population, the average
GDP has reached RMB12408. The City’s total financial income was RMB3.801bn, a
year-on-year increase of 15.0%, in which the general budget revenue was RMB2.450bn,
an increase of 15.9%; the financial expenses was totaled at RMB4.814bn, an increase of
13.9%.
The structure of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2005 was 19.4 :
46.4 : 34.2. The Primary Industry has pulled GDP growth by 0.9 percentage point, the
added value of the Secondary Industry contributed 58.6% to GDP and pulled GDP growth
by 6.8 percentage points, and the Tertiary Industry pulled GDP growth by 4 percentage
points. The Secondary and Tertiary Industries have become the main momentum driving
economic growth.
In 2005, the added value realized by large-scale industries was RMB21.932bn, a
year-on-year increase of 17.4%; the added value realized by small-scale industries was
RMB4.119bn, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%. The characteristics of large-scale
industries in terms of economic growth include: (1) Major contribution by key industries.
The 8 key industries, including petrochemical, foo, papermaking, textile, mineral &
building material, electricity, machineries and medicines, have realized an added value of
RMB19.918bn, accounting for 90.8% of the added value realized by large-scale industries.
(2) Rapid growth of Dounty/District industries. The added value realized by industries
located in the 6 Counties/Cities & 1 District (Quyuan) was RMB7.224bn, a year-on-year
increase of 30.9%; the added value realized by industries located in the 5 Districts (Louqu,
Yunxi, Junshan, Development Zone, Nanhu) was RMB3.758bn, a year-on-year increase of
39.9%. (3) Promising future for Industry Parks. The large-scale industries located in the
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Industry Parks have realized a GDP of RMB10.357bn, a year-on-year increase of 52.0%.
(4) Increased proportion of non-public industries. The 483 non-public industrial
enterprises, accounting for 68.6% of the City’s total number of large-scale industrial
enterprises, have realized 33.3% industrial added value. (5) High increase of economic
benefits. The selling rate of products produced by large-scale industrial enterprises was
100.1%, an increase of 0.1 percentage point over the previous year; the composite index of
economic benefits created by large-scale industrial enterprises was 194.8%, having
increased 34.3 percentage points; the total profit was RMB0.686bn, a year-on-year
increase of 82.1%; the tax revenue was RMB4.465bn, a year-on-year increase of 58.5%;
however, the energy consumption has also increased to the level of 5.1t standard coal per
10,000yuan added value created by large-scale industries, having increased 29.6%
compared to the previous year.
3.2.3 Transportation
As the only city in Hunan Province that is located very close to Yangtze River,
Yueyang City is a converging point of 1 lake (Dongtinghu Lake), 2 plains (Jianghan Plain
and Dongtinghu Plain), 3 provinces (Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi) and 4 lines
(Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, National Road 107 and
Yangtze River), it is in fact another “Golden Cross” along the middlestream of Yangtze
River with its importance only next to Wuhan City, especially since the successful
commissioning of Dongtinghu Bridge has helped form the well developed network of
“West to East” and “North to South” transportation. In 1992, Yueyang City was approved
by the State Council as one of the first batch of opening cities along Yangtze River banks.
In 1996, one of the 8 deepwater ports along Yangtze River, Chenglingji Port was
approved by NPC to open up to foreign vessels.
The Project construction area is selected inside the existing Plant area, which is
located in Sanjiangkou, the confluence of Dongtinghu Lake and Yangtze River, also next
to two 5,000T foreign trade docks at Chenglingji Port. The land and water traffic is well
developed with the north connection to the “Golden Waterway” of Yangtze River, the
west corridor to the vast water of Dongtinghu Lake, the east neighbor of
Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and National Road No. 107. In
addition, the Company has constructed a special railway for transportation of raw
materials and products by using the existing network.
3.2.4 Historical Relics and Scenic Spots
Yueyang City has a lot of historical relics and various types of tourist resources,
including the widely famous Yueyanglou Tower standing on the south bank of Yangtze
River, the extremely charming waterland of Dongtinghu Lake and the beautiful attraction
of Junshan Island.
About 9.5km away from the southwest point of the Plant area, there is the national
key unit of cultural relics protection---Yueyanglou Tower. Firstly built in the twentieth
year of Jian’an Reign by Emperor Xian in Donghan Dynasty (A.D.215), Yueyang City is
one of the three famous buildings on south bank of Yangtze River, attracting tourists from
across China for its four unique treasures: rebuilt by Teng Zijing the famous governor, the
memorial article composed by Fan Zhongyan the famous politician, the calligraphy
handwritten by Su Shunxin the famous calligrapher and poet, and the elegant seal cutting
presented by Shao Song the well-known expert.
Erecting highly on a 820m2 terrace, the spectacular Tower of Yueyanglou is an
essence of ancient architecture integrating the historic, cultural, artistic, tourist and
80
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
architectural values. It is collectively named as “Jiangnan Top Three Towers” with
Huanghelou Tower in Wuhan and Tengwang’ge Tower in Nanchang, at the same time a
part of the “Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” comprising also Dongtinghu Lake and
Junshan Mountain. In January 1998, Yueyanglou Tower was approved by the State
Council as the national key unit of cultural relics protection; in August 1998,
“Yueyanglou-Dongtinghu Scenic Spot” was approved as national key scenic spot, the only
one scenic spot included in the Eighth National Golden Tourist Line that is located inside
the borders of Hunan Province, famous at home and abroad for its long history. Since its
initial construction around A.D.220, Yueyanglou has a history over 1700 years. During
the “Three Kingdoms” period, it was used by General Lu Su for the military review
ceremony; it was named as Baling Tower in Northern and Southern Dynasties; then it was
renamed as Nanlou Tower in early Tang Dynasty; it was not named as Yueyanglou until
in the poem written by Li Bai in middle Tang Dynasty. In 1045, the spring of the fourth
year of Qingli Reign by Renzong Emperor, Teng Zijing, the then governor, ordered to
rebuild the Tower and invited his friend, the politician and writer Fan Zhongyan, to
compose the “Yueyanglou Memorial”, after which Yueyanglou became a great sensation.
Due to historical reasons, Yueyanglou was ruined and renovated repeatedly, but its
style has been remained. It is the embody of China’s ancient architecture with typical
national characteristics for its gorgeous and elegant structure. As a tourist attraction long
and well known around the world, every year hundreds of thousands of Chinese and
overseas tourists come a long way to have a visit. Standing beside the exquisite
Dongtinghu Lake and directing to the blue sky that reflects itself on the water surface,
people are reluctant to leave this wonderful world.
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
4 Environmental Monitoring, Survey and Assessment
4.1 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Water Environment
4.1.1 Regional Sources of Water Pollution
Statistics on the regional sources of water pollution are listed in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Regional Sources of Water Pollution
Discharged To
Wastewater Discharge
(10,000t/a)
CODCr Discharge
(t/a)
Sinopec Baling Branch
Yangtze
River
Yueyang section
700.23
772.4
Huaneng Yueyang Power
Plant
Yangtze
River
Yueyang section
116.92
33.6
Baling
Company
Therman Power Plant
East Dongtinghu Lake
60.00
19.9
--
877.15
825.9
Enterprise
Total
4.1.2 Monitoring Data of Surface Water Environment
The monitoring data on water quality conducted during January～December 2010
and January～June 2011 at Chenglingji cross section (C1) and Lucheng cross section (C2)
have been collected for conducting assessment, the monitoring factors include pH value,
dissolved oxygen, CODMn, COD, BOD5, NH3-H, Total phosphor, Cu, Zn, Fluoride, Se, As,
Hg, Cd, Cr6+, Pb, Cyanide, Volatile phenol, Oils, Anionic surfactant, Sulfide and Feces
coli group. The monitoring data and statistics are listed in Table 4.2～Table 4.7.
Chenglingji cross section is selected at upstream, 1.0km away from the outlet of
Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd, Lucheng cross section is at downstream, 24km from the
outlet.
The routine monitoring results showed that in 2009 and the first half of 2011, the
pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Chenglingji cross section have exceeded
the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.36, the rest monitoring
factors are not over the standard, all of them have met the Type III standard for water
quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment”
(GB3838-2002).
In 2009 and 2010, the pollution factors of total phosphor monitored at Lucheng cross
section have exceeded the standard values, with the maximum over-standard times at 1.54
and 0.2 respectively, the rest monitoring factors have met the Type III standard for water
quality as specified in the “Quality Standard of Surface Water Environment”
(GB3838-2002).
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.2 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2009)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Monitoring
Factor
Maximum
Over-Standard
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
PH
7.09
8.12
7.90
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.00
9.13
7.16
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.43
2.26
1.76
/
/
≤6
COD
2.50
16.40
8.80
/
/
20
BOD5
0.35
2.40
0.75
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.051
0.875
0.29
/
/
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.08
0.272
0.14
5.5
0.36
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.18
0.38
0.28
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0002
0.0036
0.0016
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.08
0.02
/
/
0.2
50
3500
648
/
/
10000
Feces
group
coli
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.3 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2009)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Monitoring
Factor
Maximum
Over-Standard
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
PH
7.52
8.65
7.64
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.00
10.0
7.24
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.72
2.69
1.98
/
/
≤6
COD
2.50
10.40
6.45
/
/
20
BOD5
0.35
3.30
1.63
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.128
1.952
0.84
50
0.95
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.072
0.24
0.13
11.1
0.2
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.2
0.5
0.31
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0012
0.018
0.0045
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0004
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Feces coli
group
110
9200
844
/
/
10000
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.4 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2010)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Monitoring
Factor
Maximum
Over-Standard
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
PH
7.59
8.31
7.91
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.05
9.80
7.05
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.48
3.58
2.43
/
/
≤6
COD
5.00
12.00
8.46
/
/
20
BOD5
0.17
2.04
1.09
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.036
0.955
0.33
/
/
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.059
0.145
0.11
/
/
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.02
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.18
0.33
0.25
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0008
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0012
0.0048
0.0027
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0002
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
50
1300
282
/
/
10000
Feces
group
coli
85
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4. 5 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2010)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Maximum
Over-Standard
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
PH
7.30
8.80
7.81
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.00
10.40
7.29
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.89
3.38
2.57
/
/
≤6
COD
5.00
10.40
8.42
/
/
20
BOD5
0.73
3.65
1.9
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.07
2.54
0.88
33.3
1.54
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.049
0.178
0.098
/
/
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.02
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.22
0.32
0.26
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0008
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0011
0.0044
0.0024
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0006
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
1300
9200
2075
/
/
10000
Monitoring
Factor
Feces
group
coli
86
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4. 6 Routine Monitoring Data at Chenglingji Cross Section (2011, 1st half)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Monitoring
Factor
Maximum
Over-Standard
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
PH
7.30
8.33
7.95
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.05
8.72
6.64
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.74
3.13
2.18
/
/
≤6
COD
7.84
10.80
9.19
/
/
20
BOD5
0.50
2.82
1.35
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.025
0.987
0.33
/
/
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.088
0.229
0.15
11.1
0.15
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.02
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.21
0.27
0.25
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0009
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0010
0.0078
0.0028
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0002
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
50
330
213
/
/
10000
Feces
group
coli
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4. 7 Routine Monitoring Data at Lucheng Cross Section (2011, 1st half)
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Monitoring
Factor
Maximum
Over-Standard
Over-Standard
Rate (%)
Times
Standard
Value
(Type III)
Minimum
value
Maximum
value
Average
value
PH
7.30
8.41
7.91
/
/
6~9
Dissolved
oxygen
5.70
9.48
7.77
/
/
≥5
CODMn
1.89
3.21
2.29
/
/
≤6
COD
7.60
10.60
9.52
/
/
20
BOD5
0.55
3.15
1.47
/
/
4
NH3-H
0.025
0.850
0.51
/
/
1.0
Total
phosphor
0.097
0.183
0.13
/
/
0.2
Cu
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Zn
0.01
0.01
0.01
/
/
1
Fluoride
0.15
0.30
0.23
/
/
1
Se
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005
/
/
0.01
As
0.0016
0.0036
0.0025
/
/
0.05
Hg
0.00002
0.00002
0.00002
/
/
0.0001
Cd
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
/
/
0.005
Cr6+
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.05
Pb
0.003
0.003
0.003
/
/
0.05
Cyanide
0.004
0.004
0.004
/
/
0.2
Volatile
phenol
0.002
0.002
0.002
/
/
0.005
Oils
0.05
0.05
0.05
/
/
≤0.05
Anionic
surfactant
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
Sulfide
0.02
0.02
0.02
/
/
0.2
130
490
331
/
/
10000
Feces
group
coli
88
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
4.1.3 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Surface Water Environment
1. Layout of Monitoring Sections and Monitoring Factors
The 4 monitoring sections are distributed along Yangtze River, the specific locations
are illustrated in Table 4.8 and the attached Map.
Table 4.8
Surface
Water
Monitoring
Section No.
Yangtze
River
Layout of Monitoring Sections
Location of Monitoring Section
S1
200m upstream from the outlet
S2
500m downstream from the outlet
S3
1km downstream from the outlet
S4
8km downstream from the outlet
Monitoring Factor
Water temperature, PH, DO,
CODcr, BOD5, SS,
Permanganate index, NH3-N,
TP, Oils, S, CN- , Ar-OH,
Cr6+, Cd, As, , TN
2. Monitoring Time and Frequency
Water Pollution Control Technology Hunan Key Laboratory conducted a three-day
monitoring activity on October 10-12, 2010, once in each day.
Analysis Method and Assessment Standard
The analysis was conducted according to the “Technological Code for Environmental
Monitoring” and the “Methods for Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis”
(version 3.0).
Monitoring and Assessment Results
The monitoring results of surface water quality are listed in Table 4.9. The monitoring
factors obtained at the 4 monitoring sections have all met the Type III standard for water
quality as specifiec in the “Quality Standard for Surface Water Environment”
(GB3838-2002).
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.9 Data Sheet of Monitoring and Assessment Results of Water Quality at Four Monitoring Sections of Yangtze River
Unit: mg/l (except for pH value)
Section
S1
S2
Item
pH
DO
CODcr
BOD5
SS
CODMn
NH3-H
TP
Oils
Sulfide
Cyanide
Volatile
phenol
Cr6+
TN
Cd
As
Minimum
value
7.18
6.91
13.63
1.28
34.2
3.05
0.08
0.02
0.01L
0.023
0.004L
0.0015
0.004L
0.12
0.001L
0.0047
Maximum
value
7.24
7.11
14.33
1.38
44.5
3.44
0.1
0.04
0.01L
0.026
0.004L
0.0018
0.004L
0.22
0.001L
0.0056
Average value
7.22
7.01
13.86
1.31
38.7
3.22
0.09
0.03
0.01L
0.03
0.004L
0.0016
0.004L
0.17
0.001L
0.0052
Over-standard
rate
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum
value
7.08
6.2
18.18
3.06
27.8
4.48
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.063
0.004L
0.0015
0.004L
0.12
0.001L
0.0031
Maximum
value
7.23
6.52
19.58
3.85
42.9
4.87
0.09
0.04
0.04
0.073
0.004L
0.0017
0.004L
0.16
0.001L
0.0070
Average value
7.16
6.38
18.88
3.32
36.3
4.61
0.08
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.004L
0.0016
0.004L
0.13
0.001L
0.0050
Over-standard
rate
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
times
S3
S4
Minimum
value
7.26
6.61
15.38
2.36
32.6
3.83
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.039
0.004L
0.0012
0.004L
0.12
0.001L
0.0072
Maximum
value
7.33
6.81
16.08
2.76
41.7
3.96
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.046
0.004L
0.0013
0.004L
0.14
0.001L
0.0090
Average value
7.29
6.71
15.73
2.49
36.2
3.89
0.08
0.05
0.02
0.04
0.004L
0.0013
0.004L
0.13
0.001L
0.0083
Over-standard
rate
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Minimum
value
7.3
6.61
16.78
2.36
27.4
4.03
0.07
0.04
0.01
0.052
0.004L
0.0003
0.004L
0.08
0.001L
0.0077
Maximum
value
7.38
6.81
17.48
2.76
33.6
4.09
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.054
0.004L
0.0003
0.004L
0.12
0.001L
0.0080
Average value
7.34
6.68
17.0
2.5
30.6
4.05
0.08
0.06
0.01
0.05
0.004L
0.0003
0.004L
0.10
0.001L
0.0078
Over-standard
rate
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6~9
5
20
4
/
6
1.0
0.2
0.05
0.2
0.2
0.005
0.05
1.0
0.005
0.05
GB3838-2002, Type III
91
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
4.2 Quality monitoring and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment
4.2.1 Ambient Sources of Atmospheric Pollution
The sources of atmospheric pollution are mainly from the Urea Operation Unit of
Sinopec Baling Branch, Hunan Dongting Ramie Textile Printing & Dyeing Mill, Huaneng
Yueyang Power Plant, Baling Company Thermal Power Plant, etc. The statistics on the
emission of atmospheric pollutants from these four large-scale industrial/mineral
enterprises are listed in Table 4.10.
Table 4.10 Statistics on Sources of Atmospheric Polltants (2005)
Enterprise
Equipment
Exhaust Gas
Emission
(×104m3/a)
Dust
(t/a)
SO2
(t/a)
254463
6.90
113.47
6363
7.94
35.58
5 Heating
Furnaces
Urea Operation Unit of
Sinopec Baling Branch
3 Boilers
1 Urea Prilling
Tower
Hunan Dongting Ramie
Textile Printing & Dyeing
Mill
2 Pulverized
Coal Furnaces
Huaneng Yueyang Power
Plant
4 Station Boilers
2549932
1137.24
3870.50
Baling Company Thermal
Power Plant
4 Station Boilers
928107
506.13
1387.32
--
3738865
1658.21
5406.87
Total
4.2.2 Routine Monitoring of Atmospheric Environment
The EIA assessment was conducted based on the collected monitoring data of
atmospheric environment, including the 2009~2010 data from Yueyang Municipal
Environmental Monitoring Center, Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone
and Yunxi District, 2010 data from Chenglingji cross section, January-June 2011 data
from the abovementioned 4 rountine monitoring points. The monitoring factors include
SO2, NO2 and PM10, and the monitoring results and statistics are listed in Table 4.11～
Table 4.21, the locations of the monitoring points/sections are illustrated in the attached
Map.
Table 4.11～Table 4.21 showed that: During the period 2009～June 2011, the values
of the monitoring factors SO2, NO2 and PM10 have all exceeded the standard values, the
maximum over-standard times of SO2 was 0.86, monitored by Yueyang Municipal
Environmental Monitoring Center at the roution monitoring points in March 2009; the
maximum over-standard times of NO2 was 0.06, monitored at Chenglingji routine
monitoring point in March 2011; the maximum over-standard times of M10 was 2.47,
monitored at Yunxi District routine monitoring point in March 2010; the values of the
92
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
monitoring factors obtained at other monitoring points during other periods have all met
the Level II standard limits as specified in the “Ambient Air Quality Standard”
(GB3095-1996) (revised).
93
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Unit: mg/Nm3
Table 4.11 Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2009)
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.007-0.063
0.01-0.059
0.018-0.194
0.034-0.131
0.021-0.122
0.008-0.101
0.017-0.088
0.001-0.099
0.003-0.182
0.011-0.181
0.003-0.279
0.006-0.161
0.001-0.279
SO2
Average value
0.031
0.032
0.076
0.076
0.068
0.047
0.043
0.037
0.075
0.092
0.064
0.047
0.057
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
9.68
0
0
0
0
0
6.7
3.2
6.7
3.2
2.46
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
0.29
/
/
/
/
/
0.21
0.21
0.86
0.07
0.86
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.019-0.066
0.016-0.035
0.018-0.064
0.018-0.054
0.011-0.044
0.007-0.038
0.008-0.030
0.002-0.054
0.021-0.107
0.042-0.108
0.027-0.107
0.004-0.081
0.002-0.108
NO2
Average value
0.038
0.027
0.040
0.039
0.028
0.021
0.015
0.014
0.058
0.071
0.057
0.044
0.038
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.074-0.281
0.029-0.286
0.034-0.242
0.035-0.415
0.039-0.273
0.016-0.164
0.004-0.087
0.027-0.134
0.057-0.193
0.059-0.232
0.004-0.207
0.030-0.179
0.004-0.415
PM10
Average value
0.146
0.109
0.096
0.105
0.096
0.067
0.052
0.058
0.094
0.137
0.068
0.093
0.093
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
38.7
25
9.7
10
3.2
3.3
0
0
3.3
12.9
3.3
6.4
9.6
Maximum
over-standard
times
0.87
0.91
0.61
1.77
0.82
0.09
/
/
0.29
0.55
0.38
0.19
1.77
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
94
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.12
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Unit: mg/Nm3
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2009)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.011-0.103
0.002-0.083
0.003-0.077
0.001-0.069
0.001-0.033
0.001-0.023
0.002-0.091
0.002-0.070
0.002-0.091
0.002-0.072
0.001-0.040
0.012-0.076
0.001-0.121
SO2
Average value
0.048
0.032
0.018
0.021
0.012
0.008
0.019
0.011
0.028
0.017
0.022
0.033
0.022
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.015-0.071
0.007-0.049
0.002-0.028
0.002-0.028
0.002-0.030
0.004-0.026
0.002-0.019
0.002-0.030
0.006-0.030
0.009-0.065
0.013-0.102
0.012-0.084
0.002-0.102
NO2
Average value
0.041
0.025
0.011
0.010
0.016
0.014
0.010
0.007
0.017
0.038
0.047
0.049
0.024
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.066-0.317
0.045-0.299
0.032-0.211
0.042-0.134
0.023-0.192
0.025-0.100
0.015-0.127
0.025-0.171
0.010-0.200
0.042-0.196
0.016-0.199
0.034-0.176
0.010-0.317
PM10
Average value
0.150
0.135
0.094
0.076
0.100
0.054
0.044
0.077
0.091
0.093
0.063
0.082
0.088
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
28
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
363
Over-standard
rate %
35.5
35.7
9.7
0
3.2
0
0
3.2
3.3
12.9
3.3
6.4
8.7
Maximum
over-standard
times
1.11
0.99
0.41
/
0.28
/
/
0.14
0.33
0.31
0.33
0.17
1.11
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
95
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.13
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2009)
Unit: mg/Nm3
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.014-0.121
0.014-0.026
0.014-0.025
0.008-0.028
0.002-0.026
0.002-0.020
0.002-0.060
0.001-0.091
0.010-0.165
0.004-0.163
0.010-0.133
0.021-0.137
0.001-0.165
SO2
Average value
0.025
0.021
0.019
0.020
0.010
0.004
0.006
0.021
0.044
0.079
0.065
0.073
0.032
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
15
14
16
15
15
15
16
31
30
31
30
31
259
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.3
6.4
0
0
0.81
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.10
0.09
/
/
0.10
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.008-0.099
0.002-0.019
0.002-0.020
0.008-0.042
0.002-0.022
0.002-0.016
0.005-0.012
0.007-0.049
0.010-0.036
0.018-0.044
0.005-0.043
0.019-0.043
0.002-0.099
NO2
Average value
0.021
0.012
0.008
0.019
0.012
0.011
0.009
0.016
0.023
0.041
0.021
0.029
0.018
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
15
14
16
15
15
15
16
31
30
31
30
31
259
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.118-0.127
0.097-0.129
0.094-0.253
0.080-0.159
0.102-0.167
0.052-0.319
0.042-0.186
0.014-0.276
0.078-0.218
0.042-0.271
0.018-0.212
0.036-0.199
0.014-0.319
PM10
Average value
0.122
0.119
0.128
0.122
0.128
0.153
0.094
0.131
0.123
0.144
0.080
0.101
0.120
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
15
14
16
15
15
15
16
31
30
31
30
31
259
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
18.75
6.7
20
40
12.5
22.6
16.7
38.7
6.7
6.4
15.8
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
0.69
0.6
0.11
1.13
0.24
0.84
0.45
0.81
0.41
0.33
1.13
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
96
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.14
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2010)
Unit: mg/Nm3
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.012-0.144
0.004-0.153
0.034-0.107
0.022-0.087
0.011-0.086
0.013-0.078
0.024-0.084
0.003-0.089
0.003-0.091
0.014-0.086
0.021-0.081
0.006-0.091
0.003-0.153
SO2
Average value
0.064
0.040
0.063
0.058
0.057
0.042
0.049
0.036
0.037
0.050
0.052
0.040
0.049
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
3.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.6
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
0.02
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.02
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.001-0.095
0.015-0.074
0.019-0.061
0.012-0.055
0.011-0.038
0.011-0.039
0.004-0.031
0.004-0.032
0.003-0.037
0.022-0.071
0.026-0.070
0.008-0.053
0.001-0.095
NO2
Average value
0.042
0.042
0.037
0.030
0.025
0.023
0.010
0.010
0.020
0.038
0.047
0.019
0.028
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.049-0.167
0.003-0.126
0.003-0.397
0.027-0.138
0.010-0.275
0.036-0.148
0.041-0.141
0.034-0.163
0.038-0.296
0.063-0.274
0.048-0.193
0.025-0.233
0.003-0.397
PM10
Average value
0.103
0.068
0.073
0.073
0.090
0.085
0.073
0.097
0.100
0.130
0.082
0.063
0.086
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
3.2
0
3.2
0
6.4
0
0
9.7
6.7
22.6
6.7
6.4
5.4
Maximum
over-standard
times
0.11
/
1.65
/
0.83
/
/
0.09
0.97
0.83
0.29
0.55
1.65
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
97
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.15
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Unit: mg/Nm3
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2010)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.010-0.095
0.003-0.047
0.003-0.036
0.002-0.024
0.002-0.038
0.002-0.136
0.002-0.274
0.002-0.130
0.002-0.035
0.020-0.071
0.003-0.086
0.001-0.050
0.001-0.274
SO2
Average value
0.044
0.016
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.015
0.035
0.018
0.010
0.044
0.028
0.016
0.021
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
3.2
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.82
/
/
/
/
/
0.82
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.016-0.060
0.003-0.036
0.001-0.036
0.008-0.039
0.008-0.043
0.009-0.032
0.007-0.043
0.006-0.040
0.008-0.032
0.012-0.047
0.014-0.053
0.009-0.044
0.001-0.060
NO2
Average value
0.035
0.011
0.009
0.021
0.021
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.021
0.028
0.041
0.027
0.022
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.057-0.168
0.010-0.346
0.038-0.503
0.039-0.123
0.059-0.362
0.022-0.180
0.025-0.142
0.027-0.138
0.027-0.210
0.045-0.270
0.028-0.239
0.026-0.184
0.014-0.319
PM10
Average value
0.105
0.100
0.100
0.073
0.104
0.095
0.065
0.076
0.078
0.114
0.090
0.070
0.089
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
9.7
14.3
12.9
0
6.4
9.7
0
0
6.4
12.9
13.3
9.7
7.9
Maximum
over-standard
times
0.12
1.31
2.35
/
1.41
0.2
/
/
0.4
0.8
0.59
0.23
2.35
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
98
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.16
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2010)
Unit: mg/Nm3
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.018-0.132
0.003-0.084
0.002-0.065
0.003-0.086
0.001-0.050
0.001-0.061
0.005-0.116
0.009-0.130
0.003-0.132
0.005-0.156
0.013-0.128
0.016-0.144
0.001-0.156
SO2
Average value
0.053
0.028
0.021
0.017
0.017
0.022
0.043
0.063
0.044
0.036
0.043
0.065
0.038
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.2
0
0
3.2
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.04
/
/
0.04
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.015-0.045
0.006-0.042
0.007-0.046
0.011-0.047
0.006-0.072
0.011-0.081
0.010-0.077
0.006-0.031
0.012-0.050
0.007-0.067
0.005-0.043
0.003-0.070
0.005-0.081
NO2
Average value
0.027
0.021
0.020
0.027
0.032
0.038
0.031
0.016
0.027
0.041
0.021
0.037
0.028
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.050-0.185
0.028-0.192
0.037-0.520
0.037-0.173
0.060-0.352
0.061-0.199
0.049-0.124
0.059-0.150
0.042-0.177
0.056-0.213
0.055-0.288
0.029-0.280
0.028-0.520
PM10
Average value
0.109
0.086
0.096
0.083
0.120
0.119
0.080
0.088
0.089
0.112
0.105
0.095
0.098
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
9.7
3.6
9.7
13.3
16.1
20
0
0
6.7
16.1
10
16.1
10.1
Maximum
over-standard
times
0.23
0.28
2.47
0.15
1.35
0.33
/
/
0.18
0.42
0.92
0.88
2.47
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
99
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.17
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Item
Jan
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2010)
Unit: mg/Nm3
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Annual
0.012-0.144
0.001-0.036
0.015-0.033
0.020-0.027
0.018-0.025
0.017-0.035
0.017-0.038
0.002-0.023
0.009-0.035
0.021-0.046
0.003-0.032
0.001-0.144
0.022
0.064
0.022
0.020
0.022
0.021
0.024
0.024
0.014
0.015
0.032
0.016
0.025
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.003-0.037
0.002-0.028
0.004-0.049
0.028-0.095
0.019-0.081
0.006-0.038
0.008-0.059
0.002-0.054
0.015-0.091
0.003-0.064
0.036-0.091
0.002-0.095
0.039
0.022
0.022
0.023
0.057
0.055
0.020
0.025
0.022
0.048
0.034
0.056
0.035
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.043-0.213
0.032-0.512
0.053-0.209
0.071-0.352
0.072-0.189
0.060-0.131
0.045-0.155
0.048-0.180
0.059-0.182
0.057-0.215
0.023-0.246
0.023-0.512
0.136
0.108
0.120
0.110
0.136
0.119
0.091
0.104
0.114
0.117
0.106
0.083
0.114
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
365
Over-standard
rate %
38.7
7.1
12.9
16.7
22.6
16.7
0
3.2
20
16.1
13.3
16.1
15.3
Maximum
over-standard
times
0.39
0.42
2.41
0.39
1.35
0.26
/
0.03
0.2
0.21
0.43
0.64
2.41
Range of daily
average
0.015-0.035
concentration
SO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Number
samples
of
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
Range of daily
average
0.028-0.052
concentration
NO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Number
samples
of
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
Range of daily
average
0.075-0.209
concentration
PM10
Average value
GB3095-1996
Number
samples
of
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
100
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.18
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center (2011)
mg/Nm3
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Unit:
Item
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
1st Half
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.010-0.148
0.009-0.079
0.007-0.115
0.006-0.087
0.007-0.125
0.009-0.084
0.007-0.148
0.040
0.035
0.058
0.049
0.061
0.040
0.047
Number of samples
26
28
31
30
29
29
173
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.002-0.056
0.001-0.057
0.003-0.07
0.005-0.044
0.004-0.059
0.010-0.033
0.001-0.070
0.020
0.030
0.036
0.026
0.029
0.022
0.027
Number of samples
26
28
31
30
29
29
173
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.022-0.075
0.014-0.161
0.015-0.231
0.046-0.207
0.037-0.167
0.034-0.135
0.014-0.231
SO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
NO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
PM10
Range
of
daily
101
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
average
concentration
GB3095-1996
Level II standard
Average value
0.047
0.055
0.100
0.111
0.105
0.067
0.081
Number of samples
26
28
30
26
28
29
167
Over-standard
rate %
0
3.6
10
11.5
10.7
0
6.0
Maximum
over-standard times
/
0.07
0.54
0.38
0.11
0
0.54
0.15 mg/ m3
Table 4.19
Monitoring
Factor &
Standard
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yueyang Economic & Technology Development Zone (2011)
mg/Nm3
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
1st Half
0.002-0.05
0.003-0.026
0.002-0.044
0.003-0.023
0.003-0.078
0.002-0.078
0.025
0.017
0.010
0.012
0.013
0.026
0.017
31
28
31
30
29
28
177
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Item
Jan
Range of daily
average
0.003-0.045
concentration
SO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Number
Level II standard samples
0.15 mg/ m3
Unit:
of
102
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
times
Range of daily
average
0.004-0.051
concentration
0.002-0.068
0.011-0.057
0.012-0.055
0.008-0.062
0.006-0.025
0.002-0.068
0.027
0.035
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.016
0.030
NO2
Average value
GB3095-1996
Number of
samples
31
28
31
30
29
28
177
Over-standard
rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Range of daily
average
concentration
0.034-0.149
0.039-0.205
0.026-0.13
0.044-0.147
0.025-0.185
0.029-0.112
0.025-0.205
PM10
Average value
0.070
0.095
0.07
0.080
0.105
0.060
0.080
GB3095-1996
Number
samples
31
28
31
30
29
29
178
Over-standard
rate %
0
3.6
0
0
13.8
0
2.9
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
0.37
/
/
0.23
0
0.37
Level II standard
0.12 mg/ m3
of
Level II standard
0.15 mg/ m3
103
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.20
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Unit: mg/Nm3
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Yunxi District, Yueyang City (2011)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
1st Half
0.022-0.132
0.007-0.161
0.003- 0.164
0.013-0.144
0.007-0.115
0.002-0.137
0.002-0.164
SO2
Range of daily
average
concentration
GB3095-1996
Average value
0.074
0.073
0.073
0.058
0.047
0.044
0.062
Level II standard
Number of samples
31
28
31
25
30
30
175
0.15 mg/ m3
Over-standard rate %
0
7.1
3.2
0
0
0
1.7
Maximum
over-standard times
/
0.07
0.09
/
/
/
0.09
0.012-0.068
0.011-0.067
0.011-0.058
0.008-0.046
0.005-0.074
0.005-0.034
0.005-0.074
NO2
Range of daily
average
concentration
GB3095-1996
Average value
0.039
0.033
0.032
0.028
0.028
0.022
0.030
Level II standard
Number of samples
31
28
31
30
31
30
181
0.12 mg/ m3
Over-standard rate %
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Maximum
over-standard times
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
0.041-0.135
0.046-0.228
0.047-0.208
0.081-0.179
0.062-0.268
0.037-0.138
0.041-0.268
PM10
GB3095-1996
Item
Range of daily
average
concentration
104
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Level II standard
Average value
0.079
0.125
0.111
0.113
0.140
0.091
0.110
0.15 mg/ m3
Number of samples
31
28
31
30
30
30
180
Over-standard rate %
0
14.3
16.1
10
50
0
15.1
Maximum
over-standard times
/
0.52
0.39
0.19
0.79
/
0.79
Table 4.21
Monitoring Factor
& Standard
Unit: mg/Nm3
Data Sheet of Routine Monitoring on Atmospheric Environment by Chenglingji, Yueyang City (2011)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
1st Half
0.005-0.016
0.008-0.035
0.003-0.032
0.003-0.271
0.012-0.189
0.002-0.107
0.002-0.271
SO2
Range of daily
average
concentration
GB3095-1996
Average value
0.010
0.014
0.013
0.034
0.073
0.045
0.032
Level II standard
Number of samples
31
28
31
26
31
29
176
0.15 mg/ m3
Over-standard rate %
0
0
0
3.8
3.2
0
1.2
Maximum
over-standard times
/
/
/
0.81
0.26
/
0.81
0.018-0.071
0.011-0.064
0.005-0.127
0.002-0.049
0.013-0.089
0.008-0.044
0.002-0.127
GB3095-1996
Range of daily
average
concentration
Level II standard
Average value
0.040
0.034
0.046
0.024
0.040
0.024
0.035
31
28
28
24
31
30
172
NO2
0.12 mg/
m3
Item
Number of samples
105
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Over-standard rate %
0
0
3.6
0
0
0
3.6
Maximum
over-standard times
/
/
0.06
/
/
/
0.06
0.035-0.117
0.036-0.225
0.037-0.143
0.047-0.122
0.051-0.201
0.035-0.134
0.035-0.225
0.064
0.111
0.093
0.079
0.113
0.076
0.089
PM10
Range
of
average
concentration
daily
GB3095-1996
Average value
Level II standard
Number of samples
31
28
31
26
31
29
176
0.15 mg/ m3
Over-standard rate %
0
21.4
0
0
19.4
0
6.8
Maximum
over-standard times
/
0.5
/
/
0.34
0
0.5
106
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
4.2.3 Quality Monitoring of Atmospheric Environment
1. Monitoring Point, Factors and Unit
Onsite monitoring points of ambient air have been set up by Yueyang Municipal
Environmental Monitoring Center respectively at Chenglingji Primary School, Yanshou
Primary School and Taoli Village of Guojiaju Township, the layout of the monitoring
points is illustrated in the attached Map, the locations of the monitoring points are shown
in Table 4.22.
Table 4.22
Quality Monitoring Points of Ambient Air
Relative Direction and Distance to the Project
Area
Monitoring Point
A1 Chenglingji Primary School
N, 0.62km
A2 Yanshou Primary School
SW, 5.2km
A3 Taoli Village of Guojiaju Township
SE, 6.8km
The monitoring factors include SO2, NO2, PM10, NH3, and TSP.
2.
Monitoring Time and Frequency
The monitoring time was May 23-29, 2011, a consecutive 7 days of monitoring
activity. The sampling was conducted according to the “Technological Code for
Environmental Monitoring” (Atmospheric Environment), including the monitoring on
hourly concentration and daily average concentration of NO2 and SO2, daily average
concentration of PM10 and TSP, hourly concentration of NH3. The monitoring on hourly
concentration includes 4 times of sampling at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00 and 20:00 respectively,
each time not less than 45 minutes.
3.
Analysis Method
The analysis was conducted according to the currently applicable national
standards and technological codes.
4. Assessment Standard
In light of the official reply by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection
Bureau concerning the Project’s EIA standard, the assessment on ambient air was
conducted according to the Level II standard values as specified in the “Ambient Air
Quality Standard” (GB3095-1996), the assessment on the concentration of NH3 was
conducted according to the regulation on “the maximum allowed concentratiion of
hazardous substances in residential ambient air” as specified in the “Sanitary Standard for
Design of Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010). The standard values are listed in Table
4.23.
107
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.23
Assessment Standard for Ambient Air Quality
Unit: mg/m3
Item
SO2
NO2
PM10
TSP
NH3
Hourly
concentration
0.5
0.24
/
/
0.2
Daily
average
concentration
0.15
0.12
0.15
0.30
/
Standard
5.
“Ambient Air Quality Standard”
(GB3095-96), Level II
“Sanitary Standard for Design of
Industrial Enterprise” (GBZ1-2010)
Monitoring Results
The monitoring results listed in Table 4.24 showed that the hourly and daily average
concentration of SO2 and NO2 have met the Level II standard as specified in the “Ambient Air
Quality Standard” (GB3095-96), the daily average concentrations of PM10 and TSP have
exceeded the standard, with the maximum over-standard times at 0.55 and 0.06
respectively, mainly because of the dry weather and the impact of traffic-raised dust due to
its closeness to the road.
The concentrations of NH3 monitored at each monitoring point did not exceeded the
standard, the emission of NH3 is in accordance with the limits for maximum allowed
concentration of hazardous substances in residential ambient air as specified in the
“Sanitary Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprise”.
108
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Table 4.24
Monitoring
Point
Monitoring and Assessment Results of Ambient Air Quality
Item
SO2
NO2
PM10
TSP
NH3
Concentration
range (mg/m3)
0.005-0.012
0.026-0.065
/
/
/
Maximum value
to standard value
(%)
2.4
27
/
/
/
Over-standard
rate (%)
/
/
/
/
/
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
Concentration
range (mg/m3)
0.006-0.010
0.038-0.053
0.133-0.232
0.181-0.320
/
6.7
44
154.7
106.7
/
/
/
42.9
28.6
/
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
0.55
0.06
/
Concentration
range (mg/m3)
0.020-0.026
0.030-0.070
/
/
0.072-0.094
Maximum value
to standard value
(%)
5.2
29.2
/
/
47
Over-standard
rate (%)
/
/
/
/
/
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
0.043-0.059
0.147-0.164
/
/
49.2
109.3
/
/
Hourly
A1
Chenglingji
Primary
School
Maximum value
to standard value
(%)
Daily
average Over-standard
rate (%)
A2
Yanshou
Primary
School
Hourly
Concentration
Daily range (mg/m3) 0.022-0.025
average
Maximum value
16.7
109
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
to standard value
(%)
Over-standard
rate (%)
/
/
42.9
/
/
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
0.09
/
/
Concentration
range (mg/m3)
0.006-0.024
0.017-0.050
/
/
/
Maximum value
to standard value
(%)
4.8
20.8
/
/
/
Over-standard
rate (%)
/
/
/
/
/
Maximum
over-standard
times
/
/
/
/
/
Concentration
range (mg/m3)
0.007-0.022
0.023-0.035
0.096-0.142
/
/
14.7
29.2
94.7
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
Hourly
A3
Taoli
Village,
Guojiaju
Township
Maximum value
to standard value
(%)
Daily
average Over-standard
rate (%)
Maximum
over-standard
times
4.3 Quality Monitoring and Assessment of Noise Environment
1. Layout of Monitoring Points
There are no environmentally sensitive points around the Project area, so the layout of
noise monitoring points is easy, altogether 10 monitoring points were set up around the
Project area in the four directions of East, South, West and North.
2. Monitoring Time and Method
On October 11-12, 2011, once in the daytime and nighttime of each of the two days. The
monitoring was conducted according to the requirements specified in the “Ambient Air
Quality Standard” (GB3096-2008). The monitoring unit is Water Pollution Control
Technology Hunan Key Laboratory.
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3. Assessment Standard
The assessment of noise at the Plant boundary was conducted according to the Type
III standard limits as specified in the “Urban Area Environmental Noise Standard”
(GB3096-93), i.e., Daytime: 65dB(A), Nighttime: 55dB(A).
4. Monitoring Results
The monitoring results showed that the noise values at daytime and nighttime monitored at
each monitoring point around the Plant area have met the Type III standard limits as
specified in the “Quality Standard for Acoustic Environment” (GB3095-2008).
Table 4.25 Monitoring and Assessment Results of Acoustic Environment
Monitoring Point
Daytime
Plant boundary, east
59.4
Plant boundary, south
56.8
Standard Value
Nighttime
Unit: Leq[dB(A)]
Standard Value
54.2
55.0
65
55
Plant boundary, west
57.9
54.0
Plant boundary, north
54.0
52.8
4.4 Survey and Assessment of Groundwater Quality
1. Layout of Monitoring Points
In order to further understand and assess the current quality of the groundwater
environment, it was planned to conduct monitoring on the quality of groundwater
environment inside the region under the impact of the Project construction. Two
groundwater monitoring points have been set up around the Project area, one in
Household Dai and the other one in Household Chen, both in Leigutai Village of Yongji
Township, close to the northeast corner of the Plant area.
2. Monitoring Factors
pH, Total rigidity, Soluble total solid, CODMn, Sulfate, Chloride, Cyanide, Volatile
phenol, NH3-H, Nitrate, Nitrite, Fluoride, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Hg, Cr6+, As and Total coli
group, 20 items in total.
3. Monitoring Time and Sampling Frequency
On October 12, 2011, Yueyang Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center
conducted monitoring once.
5. Monitoring and Assessent Results
The monitoring results of groundwater quality listed in Table 4.26 showed that the
monitoring factors at Household Dai in Leigutai Village, Yongji Township have met the
Type III standard as specified in the “Groundwater Quality Standard” (GB/T14848-93),
while the monitoring factors of total rigidity, Pb and Mn at Household Chen have
exceeded the standard values, the over-standard times are 0.14, 0.28 and 0.48 respectively.
The reason is mainly because of the impact caused by domestic sewage water and
industrial wastewater. At present, the residents’ drinking water is completely from
municipal supply of tap water, so the groundwater quality has a comparatively small
impact on the residents’ drinking water safety.
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Table 4.26
Monitoring Results of Groundwater Quality
Unit: mg/L (except for pH value)
pH
NH3-H
TN
NO3-
NO2-
Volatile
phenol
Cyanide
Total
rigidity
F—
SO42—
Cl—
7.14
0.12
0.20
0.83
0.01L
0.0010
0.004L
315.1
0.54
26.75
21.14
Over-standard
times
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Item
As
Hg
Cr6+
Pb
Cd
Fe
Mn
CODMn
Soluble
total solid
Total coli
group
0.00471
0.000288
0.004L
0.011
0.001L
0.014
0.065
2.08
441
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Item
pH
NH3-H
TN
NO3-
NO2-
Volatile
phenol
Cyanide
Total
rigidity
F—
SO42—
Cl—
Monitoring
value
7.05
0.14
0.22
1.19
0.01L
0.0011
0.004L
514.9
0.49
93.86
49.46
Over-standard
times
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.14
0
0
0
Section
Item
As
Hg
Cr6+
Pb
Cd
Fe
Mn
CODMn
Soluble
total solid
Total coli
group
W2
Monitoring
value
0.00810
0.000002L
0.004L
0.064
0.001L
0.018
0.148
2.93
818
24
Section
Item
Monitoring
value
W1
Section
Monitoring
value
W1
Over-standard
times
Section
W2
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Over-standard
times
“Groundwater Quality
Standard”, Type III
0
0
0
0.28
0
0
0.48
0
0
0
pH
NH3-H
TN
NO3-
NO2-
Volatile
phenol
Cyanide
Total
rigidity
F—
SO42—
Cl—
6.5~8.5
≤0.2
/
≤20
≤0.02
≤0.002
≤0.005
≤450
≤1.0
≤250
/
As
Hg
Cr6+
Pb
Cd
Fe
Mn
CODMn
Soluble
total solid
Total coli
group
≤0.05
≤0.001
≤0.05
≤0.05
≤0.01
≤0.3
≤0.1
≤3.0
≤1000
≤3.0
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5 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact
5.1 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction
The engineering construction during the course of construction mainly includes
civil construction, machinery operation, manual operation, equipment installation
work and so on. And then temporary buildings and warehouse during construction,
such as material processing and concrete mixing plant, are set up. Therefore, during
the construction, construction activities will inevitable have an influence on the
environment, which may pollute or destroy the environment. Construction activities
mainly include site cleaning, earthwork dig and landfill, fugitive dust from material
handling, noise from piling, concrete mixing, pouring and electric saw, household
refuse, construction wastes and sanitary and construction waste water dropped by
builders.
5.1.1 The Analysis of Impact on Environment and Air
（一）Fugitive Dust
During the course of construction, because the earthwork construction can
destroy the surface structure, therefore, it may result in ground dust. The probability
of having a fugitive dust is closely related with soil condition, such as moisture
content of the earthwork, construction seasons, construction weather, wind direction,
wind speed and humidity such weather conditions and the degree of construction
mechanization and management level such management conditions. The main sources
of construction dust are：
 The fugitive dust in the digging process of earthwork and earthwork
temporary yards used in pipeline and foundation excavation;
 The fugitive dust in the process of concrete mixing;
 The site handling of building materials, such as lime, cements, sand,
stones and bricks and stacking dusts.
 The secondary dust in the site road brought in by the heavy traffic;
 The cleaning of construction waste and yard dusts.
The dust emission and its influence are complicated problems difficult to be
quantified. The assessment makes a prediction on its load used analogy method. If the
wind speed is2.4m/s, the analogy result of fugitive dust on construction site can be
seen in Table 5-1.
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Table 5-1 The Fugitive Dust Pollution on Construction Site
TSP Density（mg/m3）
Project Name
Upwind
Downwind
20m
40m
80m
100m
150m
Group One
0.31
1.74
1.45
1.02
0.30
Group Two
0.32
1.44
0.94
0.66
0.32
From the data in Table 5-1, with the reference of fugitive emission monitoring
concentration limits (1.0 mg/m3) in GB16297-1996 Atmospheric Pollution Integrated
emission standard material, we can see that the construction fugitive dust makes an
influence of pollution when downwind at the range of 100m; At the distance of40m,
the overproof limits is 0.44~0.74times of the original; At the distance of 80m, the
maximum limits is 0.45 times of the original. With the reduction of the distance, the
influence of the pollution decreases gradually; At the distance of 100m, the maximum
limits is 0.02 times of the original, and at the distance of 150m, the monitoring
concentration limits can reach background concentration when upwind.
The technological upgrading project lies in the Yue paper mill, and people
mainly live in the dormitory of the Yue paper mill. This project should take
environmental protection measures of sprinkling and so on to effectively control the
construction fugitive dust within the standard limits, so that the influence of the
fugitive dust on protection targets can be reduced to the minimum limits.
（二）Vehicle Exhaust
During the course of construction, various kinds of projects and transportation
need vehicles, including haulage truck, tip lorry, excavators, forklift truck, and
bulldozer and so on.
Usually, exhausts of trucks which use petrol and diesel as their fuel contain HC,
particulate matter, CO, and NOX such pollutants and the quantity of pollutant
discharged can be seen in Table 5-2.
Table 5-2 Quantity of Main Pollutant Discharged in Vehicle Exhausts
Fuel
HC
Particulate
Matter
CO
NOX
Unit
Petrol-fueled
1.23
0.56
5.94
5.26
g/Km
Diesel-fueled
77.8
61.8
161.0
452.0
g/h
On the construction site the influence of vehicle exhaust on environmental has such
features:
1. Vehicles work within the construction site; therefore, the exhausts are in
the non-point source pollution form.
2. The height of vehicle’s exhaust pipe is a little low, so that the diffusion
range is not wide, which has a little influence on the surroundings.
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3. Vehicles are not in continuous operation, therefore, the time and quantity
of pollutant discharge are relatively little.
5.1.2 Analysis of the Influence of Waste Water
Usually, the construction waste water includes dewatering well drainage on earthwork
stage, concrete curing drainage on structural stage and other kinds of vehicle flush
water. The construction waste water often is alkalescent, which has oil pollution and a
great quantity of suspended matter. The pH value of construction waste water is 10,
SS is about 1000-6000mg/L, and the oil pollution is 15mg/L.
The sanitary sewage of builders comes from temporary living quarters, which
includes washes and fecal sewage. The pollutant concentration is : CODcr about
380mg/l, NH3-Nabout 25mg/L、BOD5 about 220mg/L，SS about260 mg/L. It
discharged without any treatments; the above construction waste water and sanitary
sewage can not only pollute the surrounding surface water but can have a bad effect
on underground water. After taking measures, bringing waste water in local current
sewerage system and discharge after being treated, then the bad effect can be avoided.
5.1.3 Analysis of the Influence of Noise
The noise during the construction mainly includes equipment noise of kinds of
construction machineries, such as pile hammer, blender, and traffic noise from all
materials transporter and so on.
When the noise intensity of construction machineries is between 85~105 dB (A), it is
featured with high noise value, irregularity and abruptness. Therefore, it has a partial
and short-time effect on environment, which will be disappear with the
accomplishment of the construction.
5.1.4 Analysis of the Influence of Solid Waste
Constructions abandon soil: It comes from and leveling, earthwork excavation in the
course of construction. Although builders have thought about backfilling the
earthwork to reduce abandon soil, there will be temporary spoil ground, which has a
bad effect on air, soil and ecology in a short period of time.
Construction Waste: It includes residue, waste steel bars, waste iron wire, and kinds
of waste scrap steel parts, Metal pipe waste, waste wood, saw dust, wood shavings, all
sorts of adornment material packing cases, packaging bag, fugitive mortar and
concrete, brick bubbles, Broken concrete blocks, yellow sand, pebbles and block
stones in the process of handling and so on. Although the construction waste doesn’t
contain poisonous and harmful ingredients, if not cleaned in time, fugitive dust will
come into being to pollute the air; When it rains, dusty fractions will run into drainage
ditch with surface runoff, which will largely increase suspended matter in the water,
resulting in the temporary pollution and siltation of drainage ditch. Therefore, the
construction waste should be cleaned in time. It is strictly prohibited to throw them
away and piled up.
If the construction abandon soil is treated without taking protective measures; if
construction waste in doesn’t cleaned in time, and it household garbage pile up
everywhere, dusts will generate, odor gas will pollute the atmosphere, and if rains, it
may pollute the soil and underground water. The construction solid waste should be
sent to yards according to classified collection, so that the bad effect on local soil and
water body will be avoided.
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According to the field survey, currently the site area hasn’t related equipment disposal
plan. If the construction unit wants to tear down the old bleaching system equipment,
the dismantling order should be: cut off the power, clean the equipment surface,
remove pipes used to fix , dismantle and connect the equipment and take connecting
bolts used for equipment and platform apart, remove the equipment. In the process of
dismantling, waste oil will be produced but there will be no asbestos and other
dangerous chemical. It is suggested that after collecting waste oil in tin can, deliver
them to the unit which will deal with them safely, and the dismantling should be
operated by man and machine.
The assessment of dismantling the scrap equipment should be in the charge of
professional materials recovery unit. After dismantling, lifting should be moved by
cars to outside but not pile up in the site area. The dismantled equipment should be
sold, which will have a little impact on the surroundings.
5.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Environmental Impact at the Operation
Stage
5.2.1 Analysis of Environment and Atmosphere Impact
The technological transformation project makes technological transformation on the
bleaching section of the reeds workshop. The project will generate exhausts which
contain ClO2 and a little Cl2 in the preparation process of ClO2. Through the
investigation of ClO2 workshop on the similar project Ruanjiang Paper, we know that
it produces a little Cl2, and has a little effect on the surrounding environment.
5.2.2 The Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Surface Water Environment
1. Prediction Content
After the accomplishment of this project, in normal and abnormal conditions, the
company will make a prediction on the impact of receiving waters’ quality.
2. The choice of predictors
According to the sewage feature of this project, we choose CODCr、BOD5 as
predictors. Meanwhile, AOX is one of the featured pollutants of pulping bleaching
waste water. AOX has three effects, which are causing poison, teratogenesis and
mutagenesis on aquatic organism. Therefore, after considering the pollution of
chromaticity and BOD5 of bleaching effluent, we pay more and more attention to the
discharge of AOX. This assessment will also briefly analyze the influence of AOX.
3. Estimation Range
The estimation range of assessment is a section of Yangtze River 0.5km upstream to
10km down stream of the project site.
4
Prediction Mosel
The waste water of the technological upgrading projects discharges into the Yangtze
River and it will form a pollution belt near one side of the drain outlet. Therefore, we
make the prediction by using 2-dimensional water quality model.
Two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:
c ( x, y )  c h 

uy 2
u (2 B  y ) 2 
)  exp( 
)
exp( 
4M y x
4M y x 
H M y xu 
c pQp
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The weakening two-dimensional steady hybrid model of the shore emissions:

c pQp 
uy 2
u (2 B  y ) 2  
x
c( x, y )  exp(  K
)c h 
)  exp( 
) 
exp( 
86400 u 
4M y x
4M y x  
H

M
xu

y



In the formula, c(x,y)-- Vertical average concentration increment (mg/l) at (x，y);
x,y—respectively, they are vertical distance (m)and horizontal distance (m)from the
computational point to drain outlet.
u-- Average Velocity of Cross Section of River, m/s;
cp
-- Pollutants Emission Concentration, mg/l;
ch --Upstream Pollutant Concentration, mg/l;
Qp
-- Sewage Quantity, m3/s;
My
-- Horizontal Mixed Coefficient, m2/s;
H-- Rivers Average Water Depth, m;
B-- Rivers Average Width, m；
K-- Oxygen Consumption Coefficient of River, 1/d.
According to the requirement of Assessment Technical Guideline of Environmental
Impact, by using Taylor experience formula the mixed coefficient of prediction model
My is
M y  (0.058H  0.065B)( gHI )
1
2
In the formula, I—the bottom slope, other signs can refer to the above.
5. Model Parameter Estimation
According to the minimum monthly average flow series from Cheng Lingji
hydrological station, after frequency analysis and calculation we can see that the
condition to guarantee the most dried-up month average hydrology at the percentage
of 90% is that:
The Yangtze River：Qh=4495m3/s，H=2.7m，U=0.24m/s，B=150m
6. The Prediction Background Value and the Source of Pollution
We can see the prediction background value from Table 5-3, and the discharge of
waste water source can be seen in Table5-4.
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Table 5-3 Table of Prediction Background Value of Water Quality
Project
COD
BOD
Level Period
10.1
1.63
Drought Period
15.2
2.44
Table 5-4 The Waste Water Pollution Source before and after the Upgrading and Extension
Unit：g/s
After treatment
Sewage Treatment Station Failure
CODcr
BOD
CODcr
BOD
Emission Load after the
project
43.01
9.56
176.21
68.74
The Actual Emission Load
43.49
12.05
146.27
49.38
Increase Reduction after the
Project
-0.48
-2.49
+29.94
+19.36
Operating Condition
7. The Result of Prediction Assessment
1.The Prediction Result of Water Quality of COD、BOD, see in Table 5-5, 5-6.
Table 5-5 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment in Normal
Circumstances Unit：Mg/l
CODCr
y(m)
0
20
50
80
100
150
100
14.840
15.062
15.199
15.200
15.200
15.200
300
14.992
15.049
15.172
15.199
15.200
15.200
500
15.040
15.068
15.152
15.193
15.199
15.200
1000
15.087
15.098
15.138
15.176
15.190
15.199
1500
15.108
15.114
15.139
15.167
15.181
15.195
2000
15.121
15.125
15.142
15.163
15.176
15.189
5000
15.151
15.152
15.155
15.160
15.163
15.167
8000
15.161
15.160`
15.160
15.161
15.162
15.162
8500
15.162
15.161
15.161
15.162
15.163
15.163
20
50
80
100
150
x(m)
BOD
y(m)
0
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x(m)
100
2.360
2.409
2.440
2.440
2.440
2.440
300
2.394
2.407
2.434
2.440
2.440
2.440
500
2.404
2.411
2.429
2.438
2.440
2.440
1000
2.415
2.417
2.426
2.435
2.438
2.440
1500
2.420
2.421
2.426
2.433
2.436
2.439
2000
2.423
2.423
2.427
2.432
2.435
2.438
5000
2.429
2.429
2.430
2.431
2.432
2.433
8000
2.431
2.431
2.431
2.431
2.432
2.432
8500
2.432
2.432
2.432
2.432
2.433
2.433
Table 5-6 The Prediction Table of Impact on Water and Environment after Sewage
Treatment Station’s Failure
Unit：Mg/l
CODCr
y(m)
0
20
50
80
100
150
100
17.751
16.177
15.206
15.200
15.200
15.200
300
16.670
16.267
15.399
15.209
15.201
15.200
500
16.336
16.138
15.542
15.253
15.209
15.200
1000
15.999
15.926
15.638
15.372
15.273
15.207
1500
15.849
15.808
15.635
15.433
15.332
15.235
2000
15.759
15.732
15.614
15.461
15.373
15.275
5000
15.546
15.543
15.520
15.485
15.462
15.432
8000
15.479
15.483
15.483
15.477
15.472
15.466
8500
15.468
15.460
15.454
15.450
15.445
15.439
0
20
50
80
100
150
100
4.090
3.072
2.444
2.440
2.440
2.440
300
3.390
3.130
2.569
2.446
2.440
2.440
500
3.175
3.046
2.661
2.474
2.446
2.440
x(m)
BOD
Y(m)
x(m)
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1000
2.957
2.909
2.724
2.551
2.487
2.445
1500
2.859
2.833
2.721
2.591
2.525
2.463
2000
2.801
2.784
2.708
2.609
2.552
2.489
5000
2.664
2.662
2.647
2.624
2.609
2.590
8000
2.620
2.623
2.623
2.619
2.616
2.612
8500
2.615
2.617
2.617
2.612
2.607
2.601
With the reference of water quality assessment criterion of assessment regions, we
can see that:
(a) After the accomplishment of this project, because the emission load of the
plant’s water pollutant has reduced, at the distance of 8500m, COD can
reduce 0.038 mg/l, at the distance of 8500m BOD can reduce 0.008mg/l.
(b) When sewage treatment station fails, the waste water accident has an effect
on BOD5 of Yangtze River. At the downstream drain outlet, it appears an
overproof pollution belt, which is 100m long and 10m wide.
2.
Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions Impact
(a) Biological Toxicity of AOX
Biological testing method can directly reflect the toxicity of industrial sewage and its
harm and influence on aquatic biology environment. Fish eggs and fry are the most
sensitive stage to the living environment as to the fish. It is accepted by most scholars
to make experiments at the early development stage of fish eggs and fry. In our
country, some scholars have made such experiments to learn the toxicity feature on
bleaching effluent of AOX. Some researches use different diluted concentration of
chemical pulp paper stock bleach effluent of some paper mill (the main toxic
substance is AOX, with mass concentration of 37.5mg/L), it shows that when the
dilution factor is less than 30, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry is
higher than the control group. But when the dilution factor reaches 100, 300, and
1000, hatchability rate of fish eggs and death rate of fry are similar with the control
group at 96h, which shows that in this circumstance the influence is so little. At the
same time, acute toxicity experiment of AOX on fish eggs and fry, at 96h the half
lethal concentration of fish eggs is 774 ml/L. It is also reported at abroad that in such
experiment, when the content of AOX is 2.0～6.0mg/L, salmon’s survival rate keeps
between 95～100%, there is no significant difference with the control group.
(b) Analysis of the Effect of AOX’s Emissions Impact
The quantity of AOX is directly related with active chlorine quantity in bleaching
process. After the project’s technological upgrading, by using non- element chlorine
bleaching technology of D0-Ep-D1in bleaching process, using ClO2 to substitute Cl2
as bleacher, and there is no Cl2 in a free state in the bleaching process. AOX produced
by the bleaching of ClO2 is only 1/5 time of the bleaching of Cl2, which can decrease
the acidity, chromacity and the content of Nacl of bleaching effluent. There are no
dioxin and toxic substances from biological accumulation in the ECF bleaching
process. According to the monitoring report, after the technological upgrading, AOX
concentration in the waste water from the drain outlet is 6.67 mg/L, and the
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wastewater average concentration fits the Table 2 of The Pulp and paper Industry
Standards for Discharge of Water Pollutants (GB3544-2008).After advanced
treatment with project waste water, the concentration of AOX is 0.010mg/L, and so is
the absorbable organic halogen concentration.
After calculation, when the waste water flows into Yangtze River, the maximum
contribution value of AOX is 0.010mg/L with prediction density of 0.000005mg/L
after perfect mixing, which shows that when AOX is normal discharged, waste water
has a little influence on Yangtze River.
5.2.4The Prediction and Assessment of Noise
（一）Strong Noise Source
The noise source of this project is stuff pump, water pump and air compressor. The
main noise equipment and noise level can be seen in Table 2-30. The noise
equipments are intensive distributed. Our project will predict the influence of each
noise source on predicted position, and then adds the prediction value to get the sound
level.
（二） Prediction Model
(1) Point Source
r
LP (r )  LP (r0 )  20 lg  
 r0 
or
L p (r )  LW  10 lg
In the formula,
Q
4r 2
Lp (r) ——Sound Pressure Level (dB);
r ——the Distance between Predicted Position and Sound Source (m);
r0——the Distance between Reference Position and Sound Source (m);
Lp (r0) ——Sound Pressure Level of the Reference Position (dB);
LW——Source Sound Power Level (dB); at normal temperature, it is related with sound
pressure level LP as the following:
Lw  L p  10 lg S
LP——the average noise level of enveloping surface (s) (dB);
s ——the area of enveloping surface (m2).
Q ——directivity factor Q，completely free space Q=1，half free space Q=2，1/4 free space Q=4，
1/8 free space Q=8.
（2）Superposition Model of Sound Level
 n Li / 10

Ln  10 lg 10
 10 LB / 10 
 i 1

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In the formula,
dB (A);
Li——the Sound Pressure Level of Sound Source i at the Predicted Position
LB——the Background Sound Pressure Level dB (A);
Ln——the Sound Pressure Level of the Predicted Position n dB (A).
(三) The Prediction of Noise Influence in the period of Technological Upgrading Operation
After the project is completed and in operation, because the project noise is far from
the site and is indoor noise, according to such cases, the noise of this project has no
effect on the acoustic environment beyond 220m. Therefore, supposed the noise
equipments are used at the same time and work round the clock, the noise
contribution to factories within 220m is seen in Table 5-7.
From the Table5-7, we can see that the contribution value is less than 50Db. The days
and nights noise value can satisfy criterion of Industrial Enterprise Factory Bound
Noise Emission GB12348－2008,and has a little effect on factory bound.
Table 5-10
the Prediction Result of Noise Influence Unit：dB (A)
Background Value
Number
Noise
within
Factory
Bound
Monitoring Sites
Daytime
Night
65
55
Factory Bound E
Face
59.4
54.2
Factory Bound S
Face
56.8
Factory Bound W
Face
Factory Bound N
Face
（
GB12348
Contribution
Value
Superposition Value
Daytime
Night
65
55
34.74
59.41
54.3
55.0
29.09
56.81
55.01
57.9
54.0
29.9
57.91
54.02
54.0
52.8
42.62
54.3
53.2
－
2008）
Ⅲ Category
5.2.5 The Analysis of Solid Waste Impact on Environment
From the engineering analysis, the solid waste after the accomplishment of this
project is the sludge and sodium sulfate sewage treatment plant. Sludge contains a
large quantity of flammable organic, and has certain heat value. Through mixed with
fire coal as boiler fuel, it can not only reduce residue pollution with the utilization of
waste products, but also can decrease the coal consumption by burning recycling heat
energy. The sodium sulfate can be recycled and used in alkali recovery workshop of
the company. From this, we can see that the solid waste from the technological
upgrading project can be utilized comprehensive, and has no effect on the outside
environment.
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6 Measures to Mitigate Impact
6.1Measures to Mitigate Impact of Pollution during Construction Period
6.1.1 Measures to mitigate impact of waste gas pollution
In order to mitigate waste gas pollution, the construction site should improve the
management of construction and environment; implement a environmental friendly
construction institution. it is suggested to take following measures to minimize the
pollution
1,
Strict project site rules: construction should be taken closed and isolated
with baffle plate during the project period. The road should take hardening and be
sprinkled regularly to get rid of the floating dust. Projection should be paused when
wind speed is high. The vacant field of the site can be greened.
2. Control the period easy to the generate dust: sprinkle the earth-rock
excavation working field, the earth and rock should be filled in tome or transported to
designated place. Transportation can be based on the original roads of the factory area
so as to mitigate dust pollution during transportation. Vehicles and roads used for
transportation shall be washed and cleaned in time; the road shall be kept in proper
humidity; wash equipments shall be set in the vehicles before driving out of the
construction site; vehicles are required to drive in a low speed or limited speed when
in the working field in order to mitigate the dust; vehicles transporting sand and stone,
cement, dregs, etc should be covered with cloth; cement cans in bulk shall be kept
separately.
3. Mitigate the dust in the material during usage and storage: construction
materials should be loaded and unloaded with care; commercial concrete is suggested
to mitigate the dust pollution; commercial cement in bag is suggested; cement in bulk
shall be kept in airproof storage and pneumatic discharge; avoid stirring the cement at
the project site; the earth in the vehicle shall be lower than the baffle when loaded and
transported; temporally piled earth and sand shall be covered with cloth or sprinkled
regularly; dregs shall be cleared and transported as early as possible; the construction
roads shall be sprinkled regularly for dust proof.
4. Machines discharges heavy smoke should be installed with
smoke-eliminating equipments to mitigate the pollution.
5. Vehicles and machines discharge most tail gas when in idle speed and are
slowing down and accelerating, so they should be kept in smooth speed in the project
site in order to eliminate pollution.
6. Workers of the construction should hygiene energy like electricity, liquid
gas, etc.
6.1.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Water Pollution
In order to mitigate impact of waste water pollution, below measure are suggested:
1. Construction force should meet the rules concerning environmental
protection in the contract.
2. An overall plan about temperate draining system in the construction field
before constructing, a temperate drainage ditch for the rain to be drained shall be dug
during construction, also, a clay bank should be constructed to prevent the rain from
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flowing into the whole flat area, so that the water will not gather within the area
where may influence the stability of the slope.
3. Recycling the water for wash and for curing the concrete, waste water, rain,
waste water of piling mud and water gathered in the field shall be collected and
treated by chemical precipitation process, then discharge the supernatant, and
transport the mud with mud vehicle. In the site where vehicles and machines are
washed and repaired, mini-sized oil-separating and oil-gathering tanks shall be set for
the site would emit waste water containing oil and waste. Water discharge should
meet the demands of GB8978-96, Level I.
4. Simple pour-flush latrines shall be set in the project site; the waste of
latrines shall be collected and treated in the septic tank of Grade III. The waste water
should be kept in the tank for at least 12 hours, and then discharged together with
ordinary domestic waste water after treated to meet the standard. Oil-containing waste
water discharged from the canteen shall be treated by oil separation, and then
discharged together with ordinary domestic water after treated to meet the standard.
6.1.3 Measures to mitigate impact of noise pollution
In order to make the noise in the construction field meet the standard, below measures
are suggested:
1. Lower the noise from the source. Choose equipment of low noise as much
as possible, for example, high frequency vibrator, prestressed static pile or water-jet
filling pile(little damage to the geology) instead of impact piling when piling; lower
the noise of fixed machine, earth-excavating and earth-transporting machine by
blow-down silencer and separating the vibrating spare part of the engine; enhance the
quality of equipment installment; take vibration reduction or vibration proof for major
machines; take regular repairmen and care for dynamic equipment so as to prevent the
loosen spares or damaging muffler from increasing noise. Equipment should be shut
down in time when out of use.
2. Arrange the pattern inside construction site reasonably: avoid installing
plenty of dynamic mechanic equipment at the same place in order not to make too
much noise; set sound barrier around the loud noise equipment to reduce the noise;
construct walls around the project site of certain height according to the rules;
machines of loud noise shall be installed in the north of the field so as to reduce the
influence to the sensitive spots outside the south boundary of the field.
3. Arrange the construction time reasonably: avoid the simultaneous working
of all loud noise machines. Constructions are forbidden at night except for the work of
drilling machine for simplex pile, cleaning, concreting, digging foundation pit,
concreting basement and concreting roof which need continuous work. Constructions
at night must be taken under the permission of environmental protection ministration.
If work of loud noise is arranged at night, temperate noise barriers are suggested to be
set around the machines to reduce the impact of noise.
4. Minimize the man-made noise: arrange the equipment according to the
rules. Avoid generating noise during loading or unloading the templates and
frameworks; materials shall be carried and unloaded with care; construction tools
should not be left around or afar; vehicle shall be kept in a limited speed after entering
the site and the horns are not allowed to be sound.
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6.1.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution
In order to mitigate impact of solid waste pollution, below measures are suggested to
take:
1. Arrange the procedure of construction reasonably, balance the earth
excavation and earth fill; fill the earth in time to reduce the influenced time and area
to the air, soil and ecology.
2. Arrange the construction period reasonably, fill with construction solid
waste as much as possible; recycle the solid waste during construction to reduce the
total volume of emission. Construction solid waste shall be piled to the special place
according to the requirements of local environmental protection ministration; for the
waste needed piled by separately, categorization under the rules shall be done first,
then delivered to the designated dump sites. Construction waste shall be treated and
leaned in time, and not allowed to dump into the lake nearby.
3. Construction field and workers living quarters should install temperate
waste collectors which shall be cleaned in time and delivered to the designated piling
ar filing sites. Waste scatter or casual dump is forbidden.
4. Waste paint or dope shall be collected by special containers and delivered
to institutions qualified to treat hazardous solid waste or the producers. Waste paint
kettle shall be recycled by the producer after collection, or sold to recycling
companies. Self-clean by the constructors is not allowed.
5. Waste machine oil can be generated when removing the old whitening
equipment, therefore, it is suggested to be collected with iron cans and then delivered
to qualified institutions. Machines shall be transported away by vehicles after
removed instead of being piled within the area. Removed old equipment can be sold
to reduce the impact to the surroundings.
6.2 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Waste Water During Operation Period
1. Analysis of the treatment scale
After the completion of the project, the quantity of water feed and water discharge of
mud purification system would reduce. According to the project analysis, the
discharge of Huawei Workshop is 10115.8m3/d, a 4043.2 m3/d less than the
discharge amount before technique improvement. Therefore, after the improvement
current waste water treatment system can meet the need of this project.
2. Treatment technique
Waste water of the pulping in this project is treated by aerobic waste water treatment
station of the company. The treatment procedure is shown by Figure 6-1
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Chemical pulping waste water
Deink waste water
Primary sedimentation tank
Cooling tower
Homogeny tank
Filtrate
Aeration tank
Muds reflow
Secondary sedimentation tank
Sludge thickening
Discharge wastewater meeting the
Sludge dewatering
Recycling delivered sludge
requirements into Long River
Aerobic waste water treatment station
Figure 6.1 Aerobic waste water treatment procedure
After treatment, according to the inspection, all the indexes of emission are within the
limitations of Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant Discharge Standard
GB3544-2008 Table 1, higher than the limitations of Papermaking Industry Water
Pollutant Discharge Standard GB3544-2008 Table 2; all the indexes of discharge at
the electric plant are within the limitations of Waste Water Total Discharge Standard
GB8978-1996 Table 3. According to the Papermaking Industry Water Pollutant
Discharge Standard, all the papermaking enterprises should meet the requirements of
Table 2, therefore, the enterprise intend to raise the amount of agent used in the waste
water treatment station. According to the operation test in July, 2011, the waste water
discharge can meet the requirement of Table 2.
6.3 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Gas Pollution during OperationPeriod
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This technique improvement project intends to improve the whitening section of
Huawei Workshop. According to the survey of ClO2 production workshop section of
Ruanjiang Papermaking Factory, the construction may generate a little tail gas during
the ClO2 producing proceed. The tail gas mainly contains ClO2 and a little Cl2. Tail
gas generated during the whole procedure will enter scrubbing tower, scrubbed by
chilled water. Then thin ClO2 solution would enter absorption tower to continue
absorbing ClO2 gas to get thicker. A little Cl2 would be emitted directly by the blower.
Since only a little Cl2 would be generated, the influence towards surroundings is also
very weak.
6.4 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Noise Pollution during Operation Period
The noise source of the project is mainly mud pump, water pump and air compressor.
Noise Control Principles
1. Noise control measures taken during the design are basically under
principles below:
Starting with controlling noise source, the requirement that noise volume of
equipment shall be produced under the standard volume needs to be raised when
ordering. For some equipment, it is necessary to install noise elimination and noise
separation spare.
2. When designing equipment and tubes, attentions should be paid in
vibration proof and crush proof in order to reduce the vibration noise. Flow field
situation when transporting gas shall be improved so as to reduce aerodynamic noise.
3. When designing the factory buildings, major working and resting places
should be kept away from strong noise source; call room is necessary concerning the
noise proof and separation for the workers. Noise separation volume shall be
guaranteed.
4. Overall plan, reasonable arrangement and noise proof distance shall be
considered in the overall design. Greening area should be set all around factory area,
to reduce the noise impact by a further step.
During the actual operation, noise control measures shall be taken respectively
according to each workshop and source, the control principles are as below:
1. for mechanic vibration noise source, major measures are vibration
reduction and noise separation;
2. for noise source within the workshop, dual measures are noise separation
and working environment separation protection;
3. for interval noise source, measure is paralleling common mufflers,
reducing the amount of mufflers;
4. for noise of high pressure draft, major measure is reducing pressure and air
or damping noise elimination.
6.5 Measures to Mitigate Impact of Solid Waste Pollution during Operation Period
The solid wastes of technique improvement project are sludge and mirabilite. The
sludge mainly contains organic components and can be delivered to dynamic boiler to
burn so as to recycle heat energy. The solid waste generation and treatment of the
project are shown in Table 6-2.
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Table
6-2 Generation and Treatment of Solid Waste
Generation
Name
procedure
Sludge
Waste
water
treatment station
Volume
Dry weight
Water ratio
（t/a）
（%）
2.02
85
Solid
component
Treatment
Organism
Burning
Sludge from waste water treatment station
After the completion of the project, the factory would generate approximately sludge
2.02 t/a, with the water ratio of 85%. Since the biochemical treatment of the factory is
exposure, most sludge comes from primary sedimentation tank. Taken method of
analogue, the chemical components of sludge are shown in Table 6-3.
Figure 6-3 Major Chemical Components of Sludge
Item
Consistency
Sludge consistency
1.5-2.0%（with water）
Al
81-450
As
<0.1
B
<0.1
Cl
6-49
Cd
<0.01
Ca
8.35
Cd6+
<0.01
Na
97-430
Fe
9.32
Pb
0.78
trate nitrogen
0.04-0.8
P
3-15
K
13-19
sulphate
83-640
Total N
30-420
Total C
1990-8700
COD
8000-46000
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According to the data of the figure above, major components of sludge are organism
and miner fiber, which would be delivered into boiler as fuel in the project.
The alkali recycling system needs mirabilite and as by-product, 4332t/a of mirabilite
would be generated in the project and can be directly used in the alkali recycle
workshop.
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7 Assessment of Environmental Risk
7.1 Risk Assessment Level
Through the identification of material danger, major hazardous source and
environmentally sensitive area of the construction project, the assessment level of
environmental risk of this project can be divided according to the criteria for
assessment level division specified in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Criteria for Environmental Risk Assessment Level Division
Highly Toxic
Hazardous
Substance
Toxic Hazardous
Substance
Combustible or
Flammable
Hazardous
Substance
Explosive
Hazardous
Substance
Major hazardous
source
I
II
I
I
Non-hazardous
source
II
II
II
II
Environmentally
sensitive area
I
I
I
I
Analysis of Hazardous Substances
According to the "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on
Projects" (HJ/T169-2004), the danger of the toxic, hazardous, flammable or explosive
substances within the risk identification range of the project should be identified. The
standards for hazardous substances can be seen in Table 7-2.
Table 7-2 Standards for Hazardous Substances
LD50 Cutaneously
Substance
category
Grade
LD50 Orally median
lethal dose
(Rat Orally) mg / kg
Toxic
substance
24h median lethal
dose
(Rat Cutaneously)
mg / kg
LC50 nasally 4h median
lethal concentration
(Inhalation by mouse, 4
hours) mg / L
1
<5
<1
<0.01
2
5<LD50<25
10<LD50<50
0.1<LC50<0.5
3
25<LD50<200
50<LD50<400
0.5<LC50<2
1
Flammable gas: the substance exists as a gas under atmospheric pressure
and forms an ignitable mixture when mixing with air; its boiling point
(under atmospheric pressure) is 20 ℃ or below
Flammable
substance
2
Combustible liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 21 ℃
and a boiling point that is higher than 20 ℃
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LD50 Cutaneously
Substance
category
Grade
LD50 Orally median
lethal dose
(Rat Orally) mg / kg
3
Explosive
substance
24h median lethal
dose
(Rat Cutaneously)
mg / kg
LC50 nasally 4h median
lethal concentration
(Inhalation by mouse, 4
hours) mg / L
Flammable liquid: the substance has a flash point that is less than 55 ℃,
exists as a liquid under pressure, and can cause major accidents in the actual
operating conditions (such as high temperature and pressure)
The substance can explode under the influence of flames, and is more
sensitive than nitrobenzene towards impact or friction
Note: (1) a toxic substances that comply with No. 1 or 2 criteria for toxic substance identification
belongs to highly toxic substances; a toxic substance that comply with the No. 3 criteria for toxic
substance identification belongs to toxic substances.
(2) The substances that comply with the standards for flammable substances and explosive
substances in the Table shall be regarded as hazardous substances that tend to cause fire or
explosion.
According to the identification methods of the "Technical guidelines for
environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004) and the "Identification of
major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the
identification of major hazardous source of this project can be seen in Table 7-3:
Table 7-3 Identification and analysis of Major Hazardous Source
Critical Quantity on Storage Site (t)
Name
Risk Category
Form
Actual quantity
Critical quantity
Sulfuric acid
Corrosive acid
Liquid
50
200
Sodium chlorate
Strong
oxidizing
Crystal
25
100
Methanol
Flammability
Liquid
10
500
Hydrogen peroxide
Corrosive
oxidizing
Liquid
50
200
Chlorine dioxide
Strong
oxidizing
Liquid
0.5
50
Methane
Flammability
Gas
0.099
50
and
Identification of major Hazardous Source
The functional units shall be divided in accordance with the conditions of the used
chemicals. Any functional unit that produce, process, transport, use or store hazardous
substances in quantities equal or exceeds the critical quantity of the functional unit
shall be identified as a major hazard source. According to the number of types of
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substance handling, the quantity of hazardous substances existing in each unit shall be
divided into the following two situations:
1. If the hazardous substance existing in a unit belongs to a single species, the
quantity of this substance shall be the total quantity of hazardous substances within
the unit, if the quantity of this substance is equal to or exceeds the corresponding
critical quantity, then this unit can be identified as a major hazardous source.
2. When various species of hazardous substances exist in a unit, it shall be
determined by the following formula, and If the following formula can be met, the
unit can be identified as a major hazardous source:
q
q1 q2

 n  1
Q1 Q2
Qn
……………………………………Formula 7-1
Where: q1,q2...qn——Actual quantity of each hazardous substance, t.
Q1,Q2...Qn——The critical quantity corresponding to each hazardous substance in
production area or storage area, t.
According to the identification basis and methods in Section 4.2.3 of the "Technical
guidelines for environmental risk assessment on projects" (HJ/T169-2004), and as
against the name and critical situation of each hazardous substance in Appendix A.1
of the Risk Guidelines and the "Identification of major hazard installations for
dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the major hazardous source of this project
shall be identified.
Conclusion of Major Hazardous Source Identification
According to the definition of unit in the "Identification of major hazard installations
for dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009), the edge distance of the production site
and the storage site of the technological transformation project is less than 500 meters,
thus the two ones shall be identified as one unit.
Calculated by Formula 7-1, it can be seen that the ∑q/Q of the production site and
storage site is less than 1, thus this project’s existing quantity of substance does not
constitute a major risk source, and the project can be determined as a project without
anon-hazardous source one pursuant to this condition.
Identification of Environmentally Sensitive Areas
The project site is located in the plant site of Yueyang Paper Mill, there is no scenic
spot, nature reserve and cultural heritage and other target requiring special protection
around the project. Based on the above identified hazardous substances and the
situation of non-hazardous source, combined with the environmentally sensitive
degree of the project site and other factors, the level of environmental risk assessment
has been ultimately determined as Level II.
7.2 Environmental Rsk Identification
7.2.1 Identification of the Scope of Risk
The scope of environmental risk identification includes the risk identification of
production facilities and the risk identification of substances involved in the
production process.
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1. The scope of risk identification of this project’s production facilities
mainly refers to the production facilities, storage and transportation system, public
utility system, engineering and environmental protection facilities and auxiliary
production facilities within the entire plant site.
2. According to main raw/auxiliary materials used in this project, products
and the "Three Wastes" pollutant emissions in production process, the scope of risk
identification of substances involved in the production process shall be determined.
7.2.2 Identification of risk substances
According to the query of the standard Name List of Hazardous Chemicals (2002
version) and relevant materials, the hazardous chemicals involved in the production of
this technological transformation project include sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate,
methanol, methane, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide, and the names, physical
and chemical properties, toxicity and other information concerning these substances
can be seen in Table 7-4 ~ 7-9.
Table 7-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric Acid
Nature
Physical and
chemical
properties
GB No.
81007
CAS No.
7664-93-9
Chinese
name
硫酸
English
name
Sulfuric acid
Other
name
磺镪水
Molecular
formula
Molecular
weight
Melting
point
Density
Hazard
label
H2SO4
Appearance
and
character
The pure chemical is colorless
transparent
oily
liquid,
odorless
98.08
Vapor
pressure
0.13kPa(145.8℃)
Solubility
Miscible with water
Stability
Stable
Main
purpose
It can be used in the
production
of
chemical
fertilizers, it can also be used
in
the
chemical,
pharmaceutical, plastics, dyes,
10.5
℃
Boiling
point:330.0℃
Relative
density
(water = 1) 1.83;
relative density (air
= 1) 3.4
20 (corrosive acid)
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Nature
GB No.
81007
petroleum refining and other
industries
Hazardous
characteristics
Hazardous characteristics: when it contacts with combustibles (such as benzene)
and organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), it will react violently or even
cause a fire. It can release hydrogen after reacting with some active metal
powders. It can release large amount of heat and cause boiling and splashing
when contacting with water. It is strong caustic.
Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxides.
Toxicity
Acute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (ingestion by rat); LC50510mg/m3, 2 hours
(inhalation by rat); 320mg/m3, 2 hours (inhalation by mouse)
Health
hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazards: it has strong irritating and corroding effects on skin, mucous
membranes and other tissues. Towards eyes, it can cause conjunctivitis, edema,
corneal opacity, even blindness; it can cause irritation to the respiratory tract,
severe cases may show dyspnea and pulmonary edema; high concentration can
cause spasm of larynx or edema of glottis, and even death. It can cause burns or
even ulcers of digestive tract after oral administration of. Severe cases progress
to gastric perforation, peritonitis, spasm of larynx and edema of glottis, kidney
damage, shock, etc.. Chronic impact includes dental erosion, chronic bronchitis,
emphysema and pulmonary sclerosis.
Accidental
release
measures
The personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to a safe area,
unauthorized access to the contaminated area shall be prohibited, and it is
recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear protective face-shields
and chemical protecting suits. Reasonable ventilation, never direct contact with
the leaked substances, never make the leaked substances contact with
combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), stop the leakage under safe
conditions. Spay water fog to slow down volatile (or spread), but never directly
spray water towards the leaked substances or the leaking point. Mix the leaked
substances with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then collect and transport the
mixture to waste disposal sites. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water; the
diluted washing water shall be discharged into waste water system. In case of
leakage in large amount, control the leakage by using cofferdam, and then
collect, transfer, recycle or dispose after harmless treatment.
Protective
measures
Respiratory protection: When it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas
masks or demand-type helmets must be worn. In case of emergency rescue or
escape, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.
Protective clothing: Wear working clothes (made by anti-corrosion material).
Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.
Others: take a shower after work. Store the clothes polluted by toxic substances
separately, and use the washed clothes. Maintain good health habits.
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Nature
GB No.
First
aid
measures
81007
Skin contact: Remove the contaminated clothing, immediately flush with water
for at least 15 minutes. Or flush with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Undergo
medical treatment.
Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water
for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. If
breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Give aerosolized 2-4% sodium
bicarbonate solution inhalation. Undergo medical treatment.
Ingestion: If swallow, drink milk, egg white, vegetable oil, etc., do not induce
vomiting. Undergo medical treatment immediately.
Fire fighting methods: sand. Do not use water.
Packaging and
storage
Use tankers for shipping. Use tanks for storage within the plant, with an amount
of about 50t in storage.
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within
workshop (2mg/m3)
Environmental
standards
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere
within residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/m3, daily average value
0.10mg/m3)
Table 7-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium
Chlorate
Nature
Physical
and
chemica
l
properti
es
GB No.
51030
CAS No.
7775-09-9
Chinese
name
氯酸钠
English
name
sodium chlorate
Other name
氯酸碱
NaClO3
Appearan
ce
and
character
Colorless odorless crystal, salty and
cool taste, deliquescence
Molecular
weight
106.45
Vapor
pressure
Decomposition
Melting
point
248～261℃
Solubility
Soluble in water, slightly soluble in
ethanol
Molecular
formula
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Density
Relative density (water
= 1) 2.49
Stability
Stable
11 (oxidant)
Main
purpose
It can be used as oxidant, and in the
production of chlorate, herbicides,
pharmaceuticals, etc., and it can also
be used in metallurgical ore processing
Hazard label
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: strong oxidant. In case of strong heat or contacting with strong
acids, explosion can occur. When it is mixing with reductants, organic materials, combustible
materials, such as sulfur, phosphorus or metal powder, an explosive mixture can forms. Rapid
heating can cause an explosion.
Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.
Toxicity
Acute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (rat orally)
Health
hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion, absorption through the skin.
Health hazards: its dust has an irritating effect on the respiratory tract, eye and skin. Acute
oral toxicity is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney damage,
or even suffocation.
Acciden
tal
release
measure
s
Isolate the contaminated area, restrict access. It is recommended that the emergency
personnel shall wear self-contained breathing apparatus and normal working clothes. Do not
direct contact with the leakage, never make the leakage contact with organic matters,
reducing agents and flammable substances. Leakage in small amount: avoid air-borne dust,
and collect it in dry, clean, covered containers by using clean shovels. Leakage in large
amount: collect for recycling or sent to waste disposal sites for treatment
Protecti
ve
measure
s
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its powder and dust, it is
recommended to wear self-absorption filter anti-dust respirators.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.
Body protection: wear polyethylene protective clothes.
Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.
Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower after work.
Maintain good health habits.
First aid
measure
s
Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water. Undergo
medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain airway
patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing, begin artificial
respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.
Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting. Undergo medical treatment.
Fire fighting methods: fight the blaze with plenty of water, and put out the fire with powder
extinguishing agent.
Packagi
Plastic woven bag lined with plastic film, 50kg/bag. Adopt automobile transportation.
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storage
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Warehouse shall be set up within the plant site for storage, and the storage capacity is 25t.
Environ
mental
standard
s
The former Soviet Union Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air
within workshop 5mg/m3
The former Soviet Union (1975) Maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in
water 20mg/L
Table 7-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methanol
Nature
Physical and
chemical
properties
GB No.
32058
CAS No.
67-56-1
Chinese
name
甲醇
English
name
methyl alcohol；Methanol
Other
name
木酒精
Molecular
formula
CH4O；CH3OH
Appearance
and
character
Molecular
weight
32.04
Vapor
pressure
Melting
point
Density
Hazard
markers
Hazardous
characteristics
-97.8 ℃
Boiling
point:64.8℃
Relative
density
(water = 1) 0.79;
relative density (air
= 1) 1.11
7 (flammable
liquids)
Colorless liquid with a pungent
odor
13.33kPa/21.2
℃
Flash
point:11℃
Solubility
Soluble in water, soluble in
most organic solvents, such as
alcohols, ethers, etc.
Stability
Stable
Main
purpose
It can be used in the
production of formaldehyde,
fragrance, dye, medicine,
gunpowder, antifreeze, etc.
Flammable, its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. In case of open fires
or high heat, combustion and explosion can occur. When it contacts with
oxidizers, chemical reaction or a fire can occur. In a fire, the heating containers
have a risk of explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a
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considerable distance at lower position, and in case of open fires, a return to
burning can occur.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Toxicity: it has moderate toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LD505628 mg/kg (ingestion by rat); 15800mg/kg (rabbit via
skin); LC5082776mg/kg, 4 hours (inhalation by rat); 5 ~ 10ml ingestion by
person, the incubation period is 8～36 hours, it can induce coma; 15ml ingestion
Toxicity
by person, retinitis occurs within 48 hours, blindness; 30 ~ 100ml ingestion by
person can result in serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory
weakness, death.
Sub-acute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3 inhalation by rat, 12 hours / day, 3
months, the damage to trachea and bronchial mucosa, nutritional disorders of
cerebral cortical cells can be seen within 8～10 weeks.
Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: brewer's yeast 12pph. Inhibition of DNA:
human lymphocytes 300mmol / L.
Reproductive toxicity: ingestion by rat TDL0: 7500mg/kg (pregnant for 7～19
days), it affects the behavior of newborn rats. Inhalation by rat TDL0 : 20000ppm
(7 hours), (pregnant for 1～22 days), it can cause abnormal development of
musculoskeletal, cardiovascular system and urinary system.
Health
hazards
Health hazards: it has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system; it has a
special selective effect on optic nerve and retina, which caused disease; it can
cause metabolic acidosis.
Acute poisoning: Short-term over-inhalation can cause a mild irritating effect on
eyes and upper respiratory tract (oral intake causes gastrointestinal irritation);
following an incubation period, headache, dizziness, fatigue, dizziness, drunken
feeling, dim consciousness, delirium, and even coma occur. Optic nerve and
retinal disease occurs, blurred vision and double vision may occur, and even
blindness of severe cases. In case of metabolic acidosis, the reduction of carbon
dioxide combining power and the respiratory acceleration occur.
Chronic effects: neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic dysfunction, mucous
membrane irritation, vision loss, etc. Degreasing skin, dermatitis, etc.
Accidental
release
measures
The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area
isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire source. It is
recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear self-contained
positive-pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic suits. Do not directly contact
with the leakage. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible, and prevent
the access to sewers, flood discharge trench and other restrictive space. Leakage
in small amount: absorb it by sand or other non-combustible materials. It can
also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into
waste water system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage
by establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cover the leakage with foam to reduce
vapor disasters. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive collectors by using
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explosion-proof pumps. Recycle or transport the collection to waste disposal
sites for treatment.
Protective
measures
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter-type gas
masks (half-masks) should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation,
it is recommended to wear air breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety glasses.
Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.
Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.
Others: prohibit smoking, eating and drinking on the job site. Take a shower
after work. Implement pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.
First
aid
measures
Skin contact: remove contaminated clothing, wash the skin thoroughly with soap
and clean water.
Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water.
Undergo medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain
airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing,
begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.
Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and administer gastric
lavage with clean water or 1% sodium thiosulfate solution. Undergo medical
treatment. Fire fighting methods: move containers from the fire site to a clear
area as far as possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool
until the end of the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the
pressure relief safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire
extinguishing agent: alcohol type foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.
Packaging and
storage
Use tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with an
amount of about 10t in storage.
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in air within
workshop (50mg/ m3)
Environmental
standards
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substance in atmosphere
within residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value
1.00mg/ m3)
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Table 7-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methane
Nature
Physical and
chemical
properties
GB No.
21007
CAS No.
74-82-8
Chinese
name
甲烷
English
name
methane；Marsh gas
Other
name
沼气
Molecular
formula
CH4
Appearance
and
character
Molecular
weight
16.04
Vapor
pressure
Melting
point
-182.5 ℃ Boiling
point:-161.5℃
Colorless, odorless gas
53.32kPa/-168.8 ℃
Flash
point: -188℃
Solubility
Slightly soluble in water,
soluble in alcohols, ether
Stability
Stable
Main
purpose
It can be used as a fuel, and it
can be used in the production
of carbon black, hydrogen,
acetylene, formaldehyde, etc.
Relative
density
(water = 1) 0.42
Density
(-164 ℃ ); relative
density (air = 1)
0.55
Hazard
label
4
(flammable
liquid)
Hazardous
characteristics
Hazardous characteristics: flammable, when it is mixed with air, an explosive
mixture can be formed, and in case of heat source and open fires, the risks of
combustion and explosion occur. It reacts violently with bromine pentachloride,
chlorine, hypochlorite, nitrogen trifluoride, liquid oxygen, oxygen fluoride, and
other strong oxidants.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Toxicity
Toxicity: slightly toxic. Allow the gas to safely spread to the atmosphere or be
used as a fuel. It has a simple stifling effect; the suffocation caused by lack of
oxygen at high concentrations induces poisoning. When its concentration in air is
up to 25 ~ 30%, dizziness, rapid breathing and movement disorders occur.
Acute toxicity: inhalation by mouse 42% concentration× 60 minutes, it has a
anesthetic effect; inhalation by rabbit 42% concentration × 60 minutes, it has a
anesthetic effect.
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Health
hazards
Pathways: inhalation.
Health hazards: methane is basically non-toxic to human, but when its
concentration is too high, it can significantly reduce the oxygen content in the air
and become suffocating. When the concentration of methane in air is up to 25%
-30%, it can cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, inattention, rapid breathing and
heart rate, ataxia. If a person has not got out of the exposure promptly, it can
cause suffocation and death. Skin contact with liquid methane can cause
frostbite.
Accidental
release
measures
The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the windward
of the area, isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. Cut off the fire
source. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear
self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and fire protective suits. Cut
off the source of leakage as much as possible. Reasonable ventilation shall be
conducted to accelerate proliferation. Spray water mist for dilution and solution.
Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing cofferdam or digging
pit. If possible, the released gas shall be sent to an open area by using exhaust
fan or by burned by installing appropriate nozzle. The leaking container may also
be moved to an open area, and attentions shall be paid to ventilation. the leaking
container should be properly handled, repaired and tested before reuse.
Protective
measures
Respiratory protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but
it is suggested that under special circumstances, self-absorption filter respirators
(half-mask) shall be worn.
Eye protection: generally, it is not necessary to use special protection, but
protective glasses shall be worn in high concentration exposure.
Body protection: wear anti-static working suits.
Hand protection: wear protective gloves for general operations.
Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Avoid long-term repeated exposure.
When the operations are needed to be conducted in tanks or other restrictive
space or space with high concentration, the operations must be supervised.
First
aid
measures
Skin contact: in case of frostbite, undergo medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain
airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing,
begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment. Fire
fighting methods: cut off the gas supply. If the gas supply can not be cut off
immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool
the containers, and if possible, move the containers from the fire site to an open
area. Fire extinguishing agent: water mist, foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder.
Packaging and
storage
The methane generate in the Project’s waste water treatment process shall be
collected in the gas container, and the maximum storage capacity is 140m3
Environmental
standards
The former Soviet Union The maximum allowable concentration of harmful
substance in air within workshop 300mg/m3
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The U.S. The health standards of workplace Asphyxiating gases
Table 7-8 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen
Peroxide
Nature
Physical and
chemical
properties
GB No.
51001
CAS No.
7722-84-1
Chinese
name
过氧化氢
English
name
hydrogen peroxide
Other
name
双氧水
Molecular
formula
H2O2
Appearance
and
character
Colorless transparent liquid,
with faint peculiar smell
Molecular
weight
43.01
Vapor
pressure
0.13kPa(15.3℃)
Solubility
Soluble in water, alcohols or
ethers, insoluble in benzene,
petroleum ether
Stability
Stable
Main
purpose
It can be used in bleaching or
medicine, it also can be used
as analytical reagent
Melting
point
Density
Hazard
label
-2℃/ without water
Boiling point:158℃/
without water
Relative
density
(water
=1)1.46(without
water)
11(Oxidant)
，
20(corrosive
material)
Hazardous characteristics: explosive and strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide
itself is non-combustible, but it can react with the combustible atmosphere and
emits large amounts of heat and gases that cause fire and explosion. Hydrogen
peroxide is the most stable at a pH value of 3.5～4.5, it can easily decompose in
Hazardous
characteristics
alkaline solution, in the case of strong light, especially short-wave rays, it also
can decompose. When it is heated to a temperature of above 100 ℃, it begins to
rapidly decompose. It can form explosive mixtures with many organic
compounds, such as sugar, starch, alcohols and petroleum products, and in case
of impact, heat or electrical sparks, an explosion can occur. When contacting
with a number of inorganic compounds or impurities, hydrogen peroxide can
decompose rapidly and cause an explosion, and then it can release a lot of heat,
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oxygen and water vapor. Most heavy metals (such as copper, silver, lead,
mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and
salts are active catalysts, and dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder, rust, and so on
can also accelerate its decomposition. In a sealed container with a suitable
ignition source or temperature, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more
than 74% will cause gas explosion.
Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen and water.
Toxicity
Acute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat via skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours
(inhalation by rat)
Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10μL/dish;
escherichia coli 5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353µmol/L.
Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogenicity review: animal probable positive.
Health
hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazard: inhalation of its vapor or mist has a strong irritating effect on
respiratory tract. Direct eye contact with its liquid can cause irreversible damage
or even blindness. Oral poisoning symptoms include abdominal pain, chest pain,
dyspnea, vomiting, and temporary motor and sensory disturbances, fever and so
on. It may cause visual impairment, epileptic seizures, or paresis in occasional
cases.
Accidental
release
measures
The personnel in the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to a safe area
isolate the contaminated area, and restrict access. It is recommended that the
emergency personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing
apparatus and acid and alkali resistant suits. Cut off the source of leakage as
much as possible, and prevent the leakage from accessing to sewers, flood
discharge trench and other restrictive spaces. Leakage in small amount: absorb it
by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials to absorb. It can also be rinsed with
plenty of water, and the washing water can be discharged into waste water
system after dilution. Leakage in large amount: control the leakage by
establishing cofferdam or digging pit; cool and dilute the steam by spraying
water mist, so as to and protect on-site personnel and dilute the leakage into
non-combustible material. Transfer the leakage into tankers or exclusive
collectors by using pumps, and recycle the collection or send it to waste disposal
sites for treatment.
Waste disposal methods: the waste liquid can decompose after diluted with
water, it can release oxygen, and the waste liquid can be discharged into the
sewer after through decomposition.
Protective
measures
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-absorption
filter respirators (full mask) should be worn.
Eye protection: it has been done in the Respiratory protection.
Body protection: wear polyethylene gas-protection suit.
Hand protection: wear neoprene gloves.
Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower and change dresses after
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work. Pay attentions to personal hygiene.
First
aid
measures
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water.
Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water.
Undergo medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain
airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing,
begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.
Ingestion: drink enough warm water, induce vomiting, and undergo medical
treatment. Fire fighting methods: firefighters must wear fireproof and
gas-protection overalls. Move containers from the fire site to a clear area as far
as possible. Spray water to keep the containers on the fire site cool until the end
of the fire fighting. If any container on the fire site turns color or the pressure
relief safety devices sound, personnel must evacuate immediately. Fire
extinguishing agent: water, water mist, dry powder, sandy soil.
Packaging and
storage
Use tankers for shipping, and use tanks for storage within the plant, with a
capacity of 50m3
Environmental
standards
The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of
harmful substance in ambient air of workplace 1.4mg/m3
Table 7-9 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine
Dioxide
Nature
GB No.
----
CAS No.
10049-04-4
Chinese
name
二氧化氯
English
name
Chlorine dioxide；Chlorine oxide
Other
name
Physical and
chemical
properties
ClO2
Appearance
and
character
Reddish-yellow gas with a
pungent odor, it can spread on the
ground, and it is usually diluted a
solution with a concentration of
below 10% for use and storage
Molecular
weight
67.45
Vapor
pressure
9.9℃/97.2kPa (explosion)
Melting
point
-59℃
Solubility
Insoluble in water
Molecular
formula
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---Relative density
(water
Density
=1)3.09(11℃)；
Stability
Unstable
Main
purpose
Used as a bleaching
deodorant, oxidant, etc.
relative density
(air=1)2.3
Hazard
label
agent,
Hazardous
characteristics
Hazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can react
explosively with many chemical substances. It is very sensitive to heat,
vibration, shock and friction; and it can decompose easily and explode.
Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.
Toxicity
No record
Health
hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazards: it has a strong irritating effect. It mainly caused irritation to eyes
and the respiratory tract after contact. Chlorine dioxide inhaled in high
concentrations may cause pulmonary edema. It can result in death. Chlorine
dioxide gas in high concentrations that cause serious damage to the respiratory
tract may be irritating to the skin. Chlorine dioxide solution in high
concentrations contacted by the skin or ingested may cause intense irritation and
corrosion. Long-term exposure can cause chronic bronchitis.
Accidental
release
measures
The personnel in the contaminated area shall be evacuated to the windward side,
and the contaminated area shall be isolated till the gas has dissolved. Emergency
personnel shall wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus and
chemical protecting suits. Cut off the fire source. Prevent the leakage from
contacting with combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas
source, dilute the leakage by spraying water mist, and conduct ventilation by
extraction (indoor) or strong ventilation (outdoor). The leaking containers can
not be reused, and the remaining gas shall be removed through technical
processing.
Protective
measures
Respiratory protection: in case of relatively high concentration in the air,
protective masks should be worn. In case of emergency rescue or evacuation, it
is recommended to wear self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety protection glasses.
Body protection: wear anti-corrosion working suits.
Hand protection: when it is possible to contact with the poison, anti-chemical
gloves shall be worn.
Others: prohibit smoking on the job site. Take a shower after work. Maintain
good health habits.
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----
First
aid
measures
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and rinse with plenty of water for
at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.
Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelid, flush with flowing water or saline water
for at least 15 minutes. Undergo medical treatment.
Inhalation: immediately remove the person from exposure for fresh air. Maintain
airway patency. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If no breathing,
begin artificial respiration immediately. Undergo medical treatment.
Ingestion: if swallow, have a gargle with water, and drink milk or egg white.
Undergo medical treatment.
Fire fighting methods: cut off the gas source. Spray water to keep the containers
on the fire site cool.If possible, move the on-site containers to an open area.
Packaging and
storage
After the project’s self-produced chlorine dioxide for its own use has been
adsorbed in water, the solution shall be kept in tanks for temporary storage, and
the storage capacity is 10m3
Environmental
standards
The U.S. Health standards of workshop 0.3mg/m3
The former Soviet Union (1975) The maximum allowable concentration of
harmful organic matters in water in 0.4mg / L
The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used by this
project and the methane and chlorine dioxide generated in production processes are
toxic, flammable and strong oxidizing, they may adversely affect the surrounding
environment and the personnel in accidents; therefore, taking the risks and reserves of
all the substance of this project together, methanol solution can be determined as the
assessment factor of material leakage of this project, and the main risk types are fire,
explosion and poisoning;
7.2.3 Risk Type
The project’s processes with the occurrence of accidental risk include the
transportation, storage, production and use processes of hazardous chemicals, and the
risk types can be identified as follows:
A. Loading and unloading process and transportation process
The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used in the
Project’s production are mainly provided by land transport, and thy are transported by
special vehicles for the transportation of raw materials. The main risk factors existing
In the course of transportation, loading and unloading are:
1. Traffic accidents (such as collision, rollover, etc.) can result in the leakage
of raw materials, the poisoning of driver and those people standing round the crashed
vehicles, as well the pollution of the surrounding water body, thus serious
environmental damage and casualties can occur.
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2. In the loading and unloading, staff’s mishandling can result in the leakage
of materials, thus the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances in the
surrounding area can exceed the threshold limit and cause staff poisoning.
B. Storage and production processes
The dangerous articles used in the production of this Project, including sulfuric acid,
methanol and hydrogen peroxide are mainly stored in tinplate cans. The risk factors in
storage and production processes are:
1. Methanol liquid is highly volatile, although no fire or explosion shall occur
within a short time, due to the extremely high solubility of methanol vapor in water, it
can quickly distributed in human body and cause damage after absorption, the visual
impairment can rapidly develop into blindness, and severe cases may have
bradycardia, convulsions, shock and other symptoms.
2. Methanol catches fire soon, and due to the high temperature and the strong
fire, it can not be extinguished easily, and once it is burning, people and plant
equipments is likely to be burned and destroyed in fire.
3 If methanol leaking in large amount can not be timely controlled, methanol
gas can become explosive when mixed with air, and in case of open fires, electrostatic
sparks or sparks caused by collision, serious explosion may occur when the explosive
limit of the mixture is reached.
7.3 Analysis of Source Terms and Calculation of Consequences
7.3.1 Chemical Accidents
According to the "National Chemical Accident Casebook" edited by the Institute of
Scientific and Technical Information of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry,
this assessment has gathered the information of accidents occurred in China in
1949-1982, and the results are as follows:
There are 13,440 cases of accident, including 17 types of accidents, namely object
striking, fire, physical explosion, chemical explosion, poisoning and suffocation, as
well as other injuries; the causes of accident include 19 kinds, namely protective
equipment defects, violations of operating rules, design flaws, safety device defects
and others; among 13,440 cases of accident in statistics, there are 261 cases of fire
(1.94%), 1056 cases of explosion (7.86%), 505 cases of poisoning and suffocation
(3.76%), 828 cases of injury produced by fire and heat (6.16%); classified by causes
of the accidents, there are 6165 cases of violations of operating rules (45.87%), 1076
cases of equipment defects (8.00%), 651 cases of personal protective defects (4.84%),
784 cases of lack of protective devices (5.83%), 138 cases of protective equipment
defects (1.03%), 40 cases of lack of safety devices (0.29%), as well as 57 cases of
safety device defects (0.42%). From the perspective of causes of accidents, violation
of operating rules is the main cause of accidents.
According to another survey, among the recorded chemical accidents occurred in 95
countries worldwide in 20 - 25 years before 1987, the liquid chemical accidents have
accounted for 47.8%, the liquefied gas accidents have accounted for 27.6%, the gas
accidents have accounted for 18.8%, and the solid accidents have accounted for 8.2 %;
classified by sources of the accidents, the process accidents have accounted for 33.0%,
the accidents occurred in storage process have accounted for 23.1%, the accident
occurred in transportation process have accounted for 34.2%; from the perspective
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of causes of accidents, the accidents caused by mechanical failure have accounted for
34.2%, and the accidents caused by human factors have accounted for 22.8%. From
the perspective of the development trend, with increasing technological sophistication
concerning disaster prevention since the 1990s, the frequency of the occurrence of
disastrous accident with great influence has decreased.
7.3.2 Analysis of Risk Factors of Accident
Most of the raw and auxiliary materials used in this project are flammable substance,
so risks concerning fire, explosion and material leakage accidents exist in the
production process.
In addition, in case of the leakage of hazardous chemicals used in the production of
this project, a series of accidents resulting in personal danger and hazard and property
damage shall occur. If the leaking flammable gas or liquid is contacting with a certain
energy source or fire source, fire and explosion will occur; it the leaking corrosive
materials is splashing accidentally to the body of any employee, chemical burns will
occur; if the leaking toxic material is ingested by any employee, acute poisoning or
occupational disease will occur. Therefore, staff shall always on their guard
against the leakage of materials in the production process. The following parts are
inclined to leak in production.
1. Pipeline
All of the pipelines used in the delivery of materials are likely to leak. Partial leakage
of the pipelines may be caused by pipeline material defects, mechanical damage, a
variety of corrosion, weld cracks or defects, external damage, construction defects, as
well as special factors.
2. Pumps and valves
Leakage may be caused by pump housing and shaft seal defects, defects of discharge
valve and lubrication system, poor sealing or packing defects of valves and flanges of
piping system, normal corrosion, as well as faults in operation.
3. Connections of instrument and meter and device seals
Leakage may be caused by the quality defects and the defects of flange seals,
propeller shaft stuffing box and other connections of the flow meter, thermometer and
other instruments and meters used in the production process.
4. Accessories and safety devices
The bursts in unreliable accessories and safety devices may lead to leakage. Leakage
may be caused by the overpressure rupture induced by safety valve failures.
5. Production equipment
The quality defects, the lacking of compression resistance and the extended use of the
equipments can result in the corrosion of equipments used in the production process,
and the through corrosion of equipments may lead to the leakage, combustion and
explosion of flammable materials.
6. Venting and overflow
Due to the operating system failure or the fault and misjudgment in operation,
materials may overflow the tankers of the production and storage devices.
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7. Packaging materials
If the packaging materials of the hazardous materials have quality defects or are put
into extended use, or the handling and carrying fail to comply with relevant provisions
and the packages fail to be packed and unloaded gently, and the throwing, hitting,
striking, dragging, tilting and rolling of packages can not be avoided, the packaging
materials may be damaged and the inner materials will leak.
In addition, in case of a certain energy source or fire source, a large amount of
flammable liquids used in the production process of this project will burn and explode,
so fire source should be strictly controlled within the production area.
7.3.3 Maximum confident accident
From the above assessment of accident hazard unit, it can be seen that the accident
risks of the project mainly consist of fire, explosion and hazardous materials leakage,
and the analysis of this project has focused on the diastral accident caused by the
rupture of methanol tank.
7.3.4 Analysis of impact of accidental leakage
Due to accidental causes, accidents caused by chemical spills may occur. According
to "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment on Projects"
(HJ/T169-2004), the leak rate of liquid can be calculated based on the Bernoulli
equation, and the formula is as follows:
Q=CdAρ1
(8.6-1)
（
2 P1  Pa）
 2 gh
1
Where: QL——leak rate of liquid, kg / s;
Cd——coefficient of liquid leakage, the value range is 0.6~0.64 usually, with a value of 0.6;
A——area of fracture, m2, with a value of 3.14cm2.
ρ1——liquid density (kg·m-3), the density of methanol is 792kg/m3;
P——media pressure within container, Pa;
Pa——ambient pressure, Pa, with a value of P = Pa;
g——gravity acceleration, with a value of g=9.8m/s2;
h——the height of liquid above the fracture, m, with a value of 1.0m.
In this project, the maximum storage capacity of methanol storage tank of is 7t,
assuming that the rupture of tank’s valve or pipe is caused by aging, and when the
area of fracture is 0.000785m2, the leak rate of methanol is about 0.381kg/s;
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7.3.5 Prediction of Consequences of the Accident
7.3.5.1 Impact assessment of environmental damage
1. Volatilization of methanol
The volatilization of leaking methanol shall be calculated in accordance with the
formula of the volatilization of hazardous substances in open storage, and the formula
can be seen as follow:
G  (5.38  4.1V ) PH  F  M
Where: G――the volatilization of hazardous substances, g / h;
V――indoor wind speed, m / s; with a value of 2.4 m / s
F――open area, m2; with a value of 10 m2.
PH――saturated vapor pressure, mmHg;
M――molecular weight of hazardous substances, with a value of 32.
PH 
 0.05223 A
B
T
T――absolute temperature of harmful substances K;
A 、B――constants, A, B values of a variety of substances can be obtained from the common
physical manuals. A value of methanol is 38324, B value is 8.802.
Based on the above formula, when the average wind speed is 1.8m/s, in case of
methanol leakage, the volatilization of the leakage in the air shall be: 28224 g/h, and
7.84 g/s on average.
2. Forecasting model
Towards the leakage within a short time, the multi-puff model can be used for
forecasting. The time of this project’s emissions of toxic substances can be predicted
as 30 minutes.
3. Results of accident risk prediction
Under stability of Class D, the results of accident emission assessment are shown in
Table 7-10.
Table 7-10 Results of Accident Emission Assessment under Stability of Class D
Assessment
content
Emissions
substances
Methanol
of
Prediction
time
Maximum
concentration
(mg/m3)
Distance from
the
maximum
concentration
(m)
Distance from exceeded
concentration downwind
(allowable concentration
in residential areas) (m)
The 5th minute
1722.94
8.0
245
1722.94
8.0
310
The
minute
10th
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Assessment
content
Emissions
substances
of
Prediction
time
The
minute
15th
The
minute
20th
The
minute
25th
The
minute
30th
Maximum
concentration
(mg/m3)
Distance from
the
maximum
concentration
(m)
Distance from exceeded
concentration downwind
(allowable concentration
in residential areas) (m)
1722.94
8.0
310
1722.94
8.0
310
1722.94
8.0
310
1722.94
8.0
310
From the above Table, it can be seen that after the volatilization and spread of the
leaking methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.9mg/m3,
which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is an area downwind with a
radius of 310m.
7.4 Prevention and Emergency Measures for Environmental Risk
China always persist in the policy of "precaution crucial, safety first" in safety
production, thus the priority will be given to prevention. The implementation of
effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of accidents, minimize the
possible damage caused by accidents, and reduce the impact of unexpected accidents
on air, water environment and ecological environment. Strict environmental safety
management shall be implemented in daily management; meanwhile thorough
emergency response strategy to accidents shall be developed, so as to conduct rapid
response, orderly evacuation of personnel and emergency monitoring and rescue in
the event of accidents.
7.4.1 Preventive Measures concerning General Layout and Building Design
In general layout and building design, relevant preventive measures should be
implemented: the seismic protection of buildings should be carried out based on 7
degrees; the fire protection rating of building should be not less than Grade II; watery
plant species shall be adopted in the afforestation of plant-site. Green hedges or dense
bush should not be planted around production facilities and roads (especially the
space between fire lanes), the afforestation of plant-site should not obstruct
ire-fighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each partition and the
spacing between each partition should be identified in accordance with relevant fire
prevention and fire-fighting requirements; a safe distance between the raw/auxiliary
materials warehouse and workshop, office, transformer substation should be set up, so
as to meet the standards required in the "Code for fire protection design of buildings"
GBJ16-87's.
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7.4.2 Risk Prevention Countermeasures and Measures inTtransit
Since the carriage of dangerous goods shall be undertaken by qualified institutions, so
the transporters should be careful and cautious in transit, so as to ensure safety. To
this end, attentions should be paid to the following problems:
1. excellent chemical-specific tankers with safety performance should be
adopted for transportation, necessary protective equipments and fire-fighting
equipments shall be equipped on the tankers at the same time, so as to prevent
accidents; transportation routes and transportation time should be planned in a rational
manner. Densely populated areas and residential areas shall be avoided; meanwhile,
the tanker driver shall receive rigorous training and obtain certification.
2. The loading and shipment of dangerous goods should be carried out by
fixed vehicles and fixed personnel. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used for the
carriage of dangerous goods should be relatively fixed, and each vehicle should be
used specially. All containers of hazardous substances, including tank trucks, shall not
be used to contain the other articles, especially foods. The vehicles must be special
purpose vehicles, and in case of emergency task of vehicle shortage, no motor-bicycle
or motor-tricycle shall be used in the transportation of dangerous goods. Fixed
personnel means that the personnel who are responsible for the management, driving,
escorting in transportation and loading and unloading shall be fixed, thus it can be
ensured that the transportation of dangerous goods always conducted by the
professionals, and from the perspective of personnel, the safety of the dangerous
goods in transit can be safeguard .
3. The dangerous goods in transit must be labeled prominently on its
packaging in accordance with the "Labels for packages of dangerous goods"
(GB190-90), and the labels on the packages should stick firmly and correctly.
Towards a chemical with flammable, toxic and other hazardous properties,
appropriate labels should be pasted on the packages according to its different risk
characteristics, so that if any problem occurs, a variety of protection can be carried
out.
4. If any accident occurs during the transportation of dangerous goods,
emergency treatment shall be taken; meanwhile, the accident shall be reported
promptly to relevant departments, such as public security organs and environmental
protection departments, and the public should be evacuated, so as to prevent further
expansion of the accident, and active assistance should be offered to the personnel
responsible for public security, transportation and fire fighting, so as to rescue the
injured people and the materials in danger and reduce the losses to a minimum.
5. The vehicle drivers and cargo attendant responsible for the transportation
of toxic and corrosive goods personnel must check whether or not the anti-poison and
protective articles are complete and effective before starting, measures to deal with
the leaks in transit should be taken actively, so as to prevent further expansion of the
leakage, and after the source of leakage is cut off, the situation should be reported
timely to relevant departments and local public security organs, if the situation can not
be handled, it should be reported immediately to local public security organs and
relevant departments, so as to ask for support.
7.4.3 Risk Prevention Measures in Operation Process
The "Prohibition on Production Safety" issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry
(41 articles of the Prohibition) should be strictly implemented in the production
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process. The pipelines used in production and pipeline transportation must be intact,
with tight connections and without leaks, the remnants and plugs inside the pipelines
should be removed periodically, material source and power supply must be cut off
when examine and repair, and the operations should be supervised by special
personnel. In production operations, the safety management must be strengthened and
the accident prevention measures must be improved. Sudden pollution accidents,
especially major accidents caused by toxic chemicals, will result in serious harm to
life and health of on-site personnel; besides, huge economic losses will also be caused
directly or indirectly, and actors leading to social instability will be induce;
meanwhile, serious damage to ecological environment can also be caused. Therefore,
the prevention of sudden environmental pollution accident and the improvement of
emergency treatment and handling capacities towards sudden pollution accidents have
great significance to enterprises. It is recommended to conduct the following aspects
well:
1. The engineering designs and construction should be checked strictly;
Engineering designs include the process design and the general layout design. Only
rational design can improve the working conditions and eliminate the hidden danger
of major accidents fundamentally. Close attentions should be paid to the quality of
construction, the equipment arrangements and the quality of commissioning, and the
final acceptance after completion should go through rigorous reviews.
In the process design, towards the extremely dangerous operations and the operations
with serious toxicity and harm, automatic operation and mechanized operation or
remote sensing operation should be adopted, and attentions should be paid to the
shields. The selection of equipments should be consistent with the requirements of the
"General rules for designing the production facilities in accordance with safety and
health requirements", and attentions should be paid to the treatment of occupational
hazards and the associated safety equipments.
Rational functional partitioning should be noticed in the general layout design,
protective belt and green belt must exist, and the safety regulations should be
implemented strictly.
Focused on the characteristics of this project, it is recommended in this assessment
that the following safety precautions should be considered in the future design,
construction and operation stages, so as to avoid accidents.
2. In the design, national and industrial regulations and standards concerning
occupational safety and health should be strictly implemented;
3. The layout of equipments within factory buildings should strictly comply
with national norms and regulations concerning fire and explosion prevention,
sufficient safe distance should be maintained between equipments, and fire fighting
access should be designed according to the requirements;
4. Advanced technologies and safe and reliable equipments should be
adopted as much as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities shall be set up
in workshops according to relevant national regulations;
5. The equipments, pipes, pipe fittings shall adopt reliable sealing
technologies, so as to ensure the storage and reaction processes are carried out in a
sealed situation and prevent the leakage of materials;
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6. Dangerous zones should be identified according to the specifications
concerning zone classification. The electrical equipments installed in dangerous zones
should adopt corresponding explosion-proof levels in accordance with the appropriate
zone level, and all the electrical equipments shall be grounded;
7. Fire hotlines should be set up in the central control room and the duty
room, so as to avoid the block of communication in emergency situations;
8. Accident cabinets, first aid equipments, life-saving appliances, protective
masks, goggles, rubber gloves, earplugs and other protective and emergency
equipments and supplies should be equipped at production positions;
9. Towards the devices prone to toxic pollution, first-aid washing equipments,
eye washers, safety shower heads and other facilities should be equipped.
7.4.4 Risk Prevention Measures in Storage Process
1. The layout of the main plant site should be open, the ventilation should be
strengthened, the quality of various process equipments (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.)
and pipes should be checked strictly before selection and purchase, and the
examination, repair and maintenance should be strengthened, the occurrence of all
kinds of leaking problems should be prohibited, anti-corrosion and explosion-proof
electrical equipments shall be selected for use, the materials which insulate well
should be used, so as to prevent electric sparks, and ground contact should be
ensured, so as to prevent static electricity.
2. Preparations in advance should be done well before loading and unloading
hazardous chemicals, the nature of goods should be understood, the tools used for
carrying should be checked, and the weak ones should be replaced or repaired. If the
tools have been contaminated by any flammable substance, organic matter, acid and
alkali, they must be cleaned before use.
3. The operators should wear appropriate protective equipments. Protective
equipments include working clothes, rubber apron, rubber sleeve covers, rubber
gloves, long rubber boots, gas masks, respirator masks, gauze mask, gauze face masks
and goggles and so on. Special personnel should check whether or not the equipments
and the dresses are appropriate before operation. Operation should be cleaned or
disinfected, placed in special bins in custody.
4. When dangerous chemicals are spilling on the ground or the car boards,
they should be removed promptly, and towards flammable and explosive materials,
they should be removed by soft materials soaked in water.
5. When loading and unloading dangerous chemicals, no drinking or smoking
shall be allowed. After the completion of works, hands, face and mouth should be
cleaned or a shower should be taken according to the situation of works and the nature
of dangerous goods. On-site air circulation must be maintained, if nausea, dizziness
and other toxic manifestations occur, the personnel shall go to areas with fresh air and
have a rest immediately, take off working clothes and protective equipments, clean
the contaminated part of the skin, and severe cases should be sent to hospitals for
medical treatment.
6. Explosion-proof or closed security lighting should be used in operations
during nighttime. In case of rain, snow and frozen condition, anti-slip measures
should be taken in operations.
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7. Clean water and alkali (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) shall be
provided in the field, so as to prepare for first aid applications.
8. Human contact with packaging materials should be minimizes, and after
the completion of work, hands, face, body should be washed with soap and water
before eating and drinking. The used protective equipments and tools shall be
carefully washed.
9. The emergency acid pumps and emergency pools shall be set up near in
the storage tank area, and lime, sand and other emergency supplies shall be prepared.
7.4.5 Management System of Hazardous Chemicals
1. Purpose: enable the storage, storage and handling of dangerous goods,
chemicals and materials to be carried out in an orderly manner, so as to maintain
quality and ensure safety.
2. Range: All kinds of hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);
3. Storage area and the environment: storage conditions should be dark yard
with features of ventilation and damp proof; Room temperature in the inner condition
of warehouse shall be (5 ~ 35 ℃, relative humidity 45% -85%) appropriate.
4. Storage requirements: fire, water proof, pressure proof; fixed point, fixed
location, quantity, first-in, first-out (FIFO); items shall be placed on a shelf or
card-board for isolation, so as to prevent bucket from rusting. Electric source shall not
be allowed within the warehouse of dangerous goods, and It is prohibited to carry
kindling into the warehouse of dangerous goods. The hazardous chemicals with
conflicting chemical properties and fire fighting methods shall not be placed in the
same warehouse EJX; stored in the same storage room.
5. Discarded dangerous chemicals: hazardous chemicals after use drums,
plastic bags, bottles must be strictly controlled, to a unified registration recovery from
raw material supplier to recycling; for the scrap of flammable and explosive materials,
applications must be proposed in advance, well-developed safety and safeguard
measures should be prepared, and the treatment shall be carried out only after the
approval by the safety departments. The management of metal recycling should be
strengthened, in case of the metal containers containing hazardous substances, an area
dedicated for storage should be set up in the plant site, and the containers should be
recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.
6. Safety measures: Towards the storage of hazardous chemicals, the
principle of "Three Far Away from, One Prohibited" must be followed, i.e., be far
away from fire source, water source and electric source, and mixed pile should be
prohibited. Hazardous chemicals, flammable and explosive materials should be sent to
the designated areas, and special personnel shall be responsible for the keeping. For
the safety of fire-fighting facilities, the fire-fighting facilities shall be equipped
according to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, monthly checks
should be conducted regularly, so as to ensure that their functions are effective. The
personnel, who have strong sense of responsibility, receive specially trained and are
familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and safety management knowledge,
should be selected as the keepers of the dangerous goods warehouse, and they should
take over the protective equipments and utensils equipped in the vicinity of dangerous
goods.
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7.4.6Emergency Measures for Accidents
1. Sulfuric acid leakage
(a) Sulfuric acid leakage: the personnel in the contaminated area shall
withdrawal rapidly to a safe area isolate the contaminated area, and restrict
access. It is recommended that the emergency personnel shall wear
positive-pressure breathing apparatus and acid suits, do not directly contact
with the leakage, and cut off the source of leakage as much as possible.
Leakage in small amount: it can be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash,
it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it can be sent into the
production waste water collection tank after diluted with water and be
returned back for production. Leakage in large amount: transfer the
leakage into accident pools by using pumps for temporary storage, and the
nit can be used in production or discharged after alkali addition for
neutralization and treatment.
(b) Fire protection: when a fire broke out in the places with sulfuric acid,
water mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder is preferred in fire fighting, and
protective clothes should be worn in fire fighting.
(c) First aid: take off sulfuric acid stained clothes immediately, wash the
contaminated skin with water. Towards severe burns, the patient should be
in a supine position, the whole body should be kept warm, heat, and the
wound can not be coated with ointment drugs without the doctors’
allowance. Sulfuric acid splashed into the eyes must be flushed with water
for more than 15min, and then put 2-3 drops of 0.5% lidocaine or other
local anesthetics into the eyes. In case of concentrated sulfuric acid in
mouth by mistake, do not induce vomiting, nothing shall be put into the
mouth of the patient with coma, the patient’s mouth should be rinsed out
with a lot of water after the patient is waking up, and then drink the milk
mixed with proteins, severe cases should be sent to hospitals for medical
treatment.
2. Methanol leakage
(a) In the event of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as
possible, find out the leaking points, find ways to make the leak stops, and
report the accidents to workshops and safety and environmental protection
departments in a timely manner.
(b) If the leakage of methanol has been on fire, in case of small fire in the
beginning without wide spread, the leaking points should be cut off rapidly,
the evacuation of personnel should be organized as soon as possible, and
dial 119 by the telephone of the plant, so as to contact the fire protection
and air defense departments and other departments for fire fighting on the
scene.
(c) In case of methanol leakage in large amount without immediate fire, the
situation is more dangerous, the personnel should be calm and composed,
wear protective clothing according to requirements (anti-static suits), and
decisively close all the valves connected with the outside. Immediately
stop the ongoing welding and cutting operation and high altitude operation
around the site, and the evacuation of personnel from the scene should be
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organized. The roads should be blocked, and the leakage of methanol
should be flashed with plenty of water.
4. In the event of fire and explosion accident, the alarm should be sounded
promptly; the disposal and the division of labor should be orderly and clear.
5. The fire brigade should rush to the scene at the first time and spray water
and cool the tanks on fire, and if necessary, the foam tanks for fire fighting should be
opened, so as to put out the open fire in methanol tanks. Keep in touch with the
resident professional fire fighting team any time for on-site fire fighting, the roads
within the plant site should be controlled, and vehicles and personnel should be
evacuated.
6. The production department (control room) should be responsible for the
contact concerning production when dealing with the accident, the sections without
the occurrence of accident shall be shut down according to its command, and it should
ensure the water supply and steam supply on the scene and contact relevant
departments for the power cut-off and power supply in the accident area.
7. The Safety and Environmental Protection Department should be
responsible for the coordination of rescue works and the collection of source materials
concerning accidents, it should analyze accident conditions and the possibility of
expansion timely, and it should conduct the information notification well, thus the
emergency rescues work cab be carried out quickly and orderly.
7.5 Emergency Rescue Plan for Accidents
7.5.1 The Purpose of Developing the Environmental Emergency Plan
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council's instructions should be
implemented conscientiously, great importance should be attached to the prevention
and treatment of pollution accidents, the hidden danger of pollution accidents should
be eliminated, environmental monitoring and supervision should be strengthened,
environmental safety should be guaranteed, and the public environmental interests
should be maintained.
7.5.2 The Scope of Application of this Emergency Plan
This emergency plan is only applicable to this project and its corresponding transport
routes.
7.5.3 The Basis of the Development of this Emergency Plan
1. HJ/T169-2004 "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment
on Projects";
2. "Urgent Circular concerning the Further Strengthening of Environmental
Supervision and Management and the Prevention of Pollution Accidents" issued by
the State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 130;
3. "Circular concerning the Strengthening of Environmental Impact
Assessment Management and the Prevention of Environmental Risk" issued by the
State Environmental Protection Administration [2005] No. 152.
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7.5.4 Emergency Rescue Organization
In order to set up an "emergency rescue organization for major accidents", Yueyang
Paper Co. Ltd. Has established a chief commanding team for the emergency rescue
organization.
The management organization members of the emergency rescue organization are as
follows:
Commander-in-chief: there is 1 person, and it is undertaken by the General Manager
of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd., who has an independent legal personality;
Deputy Commanders-in-chief: it has 2 members, and the posts are undertaken by the
Deputy General Managers of Yueyang Paper Co. Ltd.;
Leading members of the commanding team: it has 5 persons, and the posts are
undertaken by the responsible persons of the General Manager Administrative Office,
the Production Techniques and Technology Development Department, the Finance
Department, the Marketing Department, the Quality Control Department and other
departments;
Headquarters: it is set up in the General Manager Administrative Office, and the
General Manager Administrative Office should also be responsible for its daily work.
7.5.5 Duties and Tasks of Emergency Rescue Organization
The duties and tasks of "emergency rescue organization for major accidents" and each
department are as follows:
1. Chief commanding team
It is responsible for the development and revision of "emergency plan";
It is responsible for the establishment and organization of emergency rescue teams, as
well as the organization of implementation and training;
It is responsible for the implementation of preventive measures for major sudden
environmental accidents and the preparatory work of emergency rescue through
inspection and supervision;
It is responsible for organizing and directing the rescue teams to implement rescue
operations;
It is responsible for sound the alarm and the all clear concerning the emergency rescue
command signal;
It is responsible for reporting the pollution accidents to the government departments at
higher levels or informing the surrounding people or institutions of the pollution
accidents, and if necessary, assistance shall be requested.
It is responsible for the organization of accident investigation and the summary of
lessons learned from the emergency rescue work.
2. Commanders
Commander-in-chief: the person is responsible for the organization and command of
emergency rescue work, and in case of the Commander-in-chief's absence, a Deputy
Commander should be designated by the Commander-in-chief.
Deputy Commander: the person is responsible for assisting the work of the
Commander-in-chief.
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3. General Manager Administrative Office
It is responsible for the daily work of the management of the emergency rescue
organization, and in case of the occurrence of risk accidents, it shall be responsible for
thesecurity, the control of roads, the maintenance of on-site order and the on-site
traffic guidance.
4. Quality Control Department
It should monitor the environment on the scene of an accident and within the region
with the spreading of harmful substances and promptly report the monitoring results
to the headquarters. It should assist the Commander-in-chief to do the disposed of
accident on the scene and within the region with the spreading of harmful substances,
as well as the information notification.
5. Production Techniques and Technology Development Department
It is responsible for the start and shutdown of the production system; the
communications on the scene of an accident.
6. Transportation and Marketing Department
It is responsible for the rush inspection and rush repair of equipments or the
installation of equipments, the guarantee of power supply, the rush inspection, rush
repair and guarantee of electrical appliances, and it is responsible for the supply and
transportation of emergency aid materials, and is should ensure that the relief
materials are in place.
7.5.6 Preventive Focus of the Emergency Plan for Sudden Environmental Accidents
The key preventive objectives of the emergency plan for sudden environmental
accidents are: the methanol storage tank area, the sulfuric acid storage tank area, the
sites for storage and use that constitute hazardous sources, a well as the whole process
of the transportation of hazardous chemicals.
7.5.7 The Reporting System of Sudden Environmental Accidents
The common accidents observed should be reported immediately to the on-duty
production dispatcher, the on-duty dispatcher must organize the personnel to conduct
the rescue, and within 24 hours afterwards, the on-duty dispatcher should analyze and
report the reasons to the leadership at the next higher level.
When any major pollution event occurs in the enterprise, it should be reported to the
Commander-in-chief immediately, and the reporting of the serious and major
pollution incidents should be carried out in a timely manner. The reporting of
environmental pollution accidents should be implemented in accordance with the
regulations of the "Interim Procedures for the Reporting of Accidents that Causing
Environmental Pollution and Damage" issued by the State Environmental Protection
Administration, and the accidents should be promptly reported to the local people's
government. The leader of the emergency rescue organization for major accidents
should firstly reported to the local environmental protection department (Yueyang
Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau), and then the local environmental
protection department should report the situation of the pollution to the Hunan
Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau in accordance with prescribed
procedures and keep reporting the progress of the investigation and handling.
7.5.8 Disposal of Sudden Environmental Accidents
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1. The disposal of pollutant in the device unit: When a leakage occurs in any
post (section) of the device unit, the feeding of materials should be stopped timely,
and the reasons should be identified immediately for troubleshooting. Towards the
leakage caused by the damage to the equipments, the leakage should be blocked
immediately, and reasonable ventilation should be conducted, so as to accelerate the
dissipation. In case of the situation that may be beyond the control, the accident
should be promptly reported to the on-duty dispatcher, and the emergency plan should
be implemented immediately, the emergency team should be organized for the
emergency response, and the irrelevant personnel should be evacuated.
2. The disposal of leakage in the methanol storage tank area: the personnel in
the contaminated area shall withdrawal rapidly to the area upwind, isolate the
contaminated area immediately, and the scope of the isolation area should be
identified according to the test results of the scene and the potential hazards, and the
access should be strictly limited. In general, the initial isolation radius for the leakage
in small amount shall be 150m, and the initial isolation radius for the leakage in large
amount shall be 450m. The emergency personnel shall wear self-contained
positive-pressure breathing apparatus and gas-protection suits. Cut off the source of
leakage as much as possible. All combustible and flammable materials on the scene of
the leakage should be removed or eliminated, and all the tools used shall not be
contained by oil, so as to the explosive accident. Prevent the leaked methanol from
entering into the sewer. Reasonable ventilation should be carried out, so as to
accelerate the dissipation. Control and contain a lot of waste water by establishing
cofferdam or digging pit.
3. The disposal of a pollution accident caused by the leakage from sulfuric
acid tanks: in case of the sulfuric acid leakage in small amount, close the valve and
adsorb the leakage by sand; in case of leakage in large amount, induce the leakage
into the emergency pool for collection, and then recycle or use after collection or
neutralize and treat by adding alkali.
4. Towards the pollutants generated by accidents, in addition to the above
disposal methods, appropriate measures also should be taken according to the
development of accidents, so as to reduce accidents to a minimum.
7.5.9 Emergency Environmental Monitoring and News Release in Accident
Contaminated Area
The Quality Control Department should coordinate with the local public security
organs, fire department, local environmental monitoring institutions and other
institutions, so as to rapidly carry out on-site investigation, identify the time, place,
reasons, the types of pollutants and the nature of the accident or incident, and the
emergency environmental monitoring and pollution tracking in the accident
contaminated area should be conducted in a timely manner, and the scope of the
contaminated area and its impact should be assessed, so as to provide the
decision-making basis for the command departments.
According to on-site pollution monitoring data and field investigations, the
emergency environmental monitoring of accidents should recommend the local
government to establish the pollution warning area, and the local Environmental
Protection Bureau should report to relevant departments in a timely manner, so as to
make the decision on whether or not issuing an alert. Meanwhile, the information
concerning relevant emergencies should be issued by the local news media in the
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region that handles the accidents according to the specifications of the "Scope of State
Secrets concerning Environmental Protection" issued by the State Secrets Bureau and
the National Environmental Protection Agency, and the "Provisions on the Control
over News Release concerning Environmental Pollution and Destructive Accidents".
Other relevant departments, institutions and individuals without the approval shall not
be allowed to release the information at will.
The project will focus on the emergency monitoring of atmospheric pollution.
1. Atmospheric emergency monitoring
The emergency monitoring points of atmospheric pollution should be set up around
the accident contaminated area and the nearby residential areas, the focus of the
layout of the monitoring points should be the scope that may be affected by the
downwind of the predominant wind in the accident contaminated area, and if the
monitoring factors of the pollution emergency monitoring points exceed the national
standards, the evacuation of the public should be organized.
Monitoring Time
From the occurrence of a pollution accident to the end of the pollution, the monitoring
shall be twice a day.
Analysis Methods of Sampling and Monitoring
It should be implemented according to relevant national regulations and standards, so
as to meet the validity of data.
2. Emergency monitoring of surface water
If the accident involves pollution of surface water bodies, the water bodies should be
monitored depending on specific circumstances, and attentions should be paid to the
safety of water quality . The masses shall be informed of the suspended use of water,
and the water can be used again until the risk has been eliminated.
7.5.10 Emergency Rescue Safeguards
1. Financial safeguard: Yueyang Paper Co. Lit. shall allocate a certain
amount of special funds for emergency response of environmental pollution accident,
which shall be used in the purchase of emergency response facilities and equipments
and information equipment and the routine propaganda, training and drill, and it
should be used as a financial safeguard for the emergency response of sudden
environmental pollution accident.
2. Equipment safeguard: the plant should prepare a certain number of
emergency relief supplies and be equipped with appropriate safety fire-fighting
equipments, and the routine maintenance of the equipments should be conducted, so
as to provide the equipment safeguard for the emergency response of sudden
environmental pollution accident.
3. Communication safeguard and human resource safeguard: smooth
communication throughout the plant should be guaranteed, the members of the major
emergency rescue organization should be equipped with appropriate communicate
tools, which shall ensure smooth communication 24 hours a day, and the emergency
personnel and rescue equipments and materials should be in place promptly.
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4. Propaganda, training and drill: The routine propaganda on the prevention
of pollution accidents should be strengthened, the local fire departments should be
invited to give technical guidance and training towards the members of the plant
emergency organization leading team and workers, the "Environmental Emergency
Manual" should be distributed, and emergency drills should be arranged for the staff
at least every six months. The publicity, training, training and information
dissemination on popular science should be carried out towards the public around the
plant in a targeted manner, and the masses’ self-protection, self-help and mutual-aid
awareness should be enhanced.
7.5.11 Aftermath Treatment of Pollution Accidents
After controlling environmental accidents, the following aftermath treatment must be
carried out at the same time:
1. Timely investigate the causes of environmental pollution accident,
describe the basic situation of pollution accident qualitatively and quantitatively,
assess the whole accident, and in case of serious consequences caused by neglecting
duty, those who neglect their duties should be penalized.
2. Relevant information should be collected and recorded, including the
nature of the accident, parameters and consequences, decision-making records,
information analysis, etc., and the work should be summarized, so as to provide the
command departments concerning the prevention of sudden environmental accidents
with decision-making basis.
3. The injured workers or masses should be rescued and appeased, and
appropriate compensation plans and other remedial work should be developed;
4. Damaged facilities and equipments should be inspected and repaired, and
the production should be resumed until the normal operation of facilities and
equipments can be determined.
7.6 Risk Assessment Conclusion
The major accident risks of this project are fire, explosion and the leaking of
hazardous materials, and this project has chosen the destructive accident caused by
the rupture of methanol tank for analysis. After the vitalization and diffusion of the
leaked methanol, the maximum ground concentration downwind is 1722.94mg/m3,
which is lower than the LC50, and the unattained area is the area downwind with a
radius of 310m. In case of the explosion of the leakage from the methanol storage
tank, the radius of death shall be 5.8 ~ 11.2m, a risk pool has been set up in the plant,
when leakage occurs, the waste liquid can be discharged into the risk pool for storage
and disposal, so as to guarantee no discharge into the external environment, and under
the conditions of the development of strict risk emergency plan and strict
countermeasures, the project has a relatively small impact on the environment.
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8. Cleaner Production, Standardized Emission and Total
Amount Control
8.1 Cleaner Production
Consuming more water and energy, traditional pulp and paper industry would
generates heavier water and air pollution, which pollution control cannot reach the
target just depending on adopting measures at the end process. So it is necessary to
control the pollutants generated the project to the minimum in the light of the
environmental status, environmental target, raw materials, fuels, technologies, designs
and other related factors.
The decisive factor for pulp and paper industry to control pollution is the application
of cleaner production technology, which would not only be beneficial to the
environment, but also increase sources and energy utilization coefficient, improve
product quality, reduce production costs and raise labour productivity.
8.1.1 Technology and Equipment Level
8.1.1.1 Raw materials and products analysis
The oxygen and chlorine dioxide used for bleaching would be self-made, so the
pollutant emission can be controlled from the headstream.
8.1.1.2 Energy system
The coating and drying system in the white paperboard section of the project will use
clean energy and replace electric infrared drying technology with gas infrared drying
technology, igniting natural gas to heat the porcelain module to generate infrared
microwave for heating the coating. The cost of natural gas is much lower than that of
electric infrared ray. The coating drying process would not be impacted by the
infrared ray and the life circle of porcelain module is 2 times longer than that of
electric infrared lamp. So, using natural gas would greatly improve the performance
of paper machines and realize the target of energy conservation and consumption
reduction.
The power consumption per ton of paper products of the coating and drying system
will be 130kWH, equivalent to 20.416t/a standard coal. The natural gas consumption
per ton of products will be 15NM3, equivalent to 8,199t/a standard coal. 12,217t/a can
be saved by suing gas infrared ray.
8.1.1.3 Energy consumption
The product of the project is bleached chemical reed pulp. According to the “General
Principles for Calculation of the Comprehensive Energy Consumption
(GB2589-2008), the comprehensive energy consumption of unit product is shown in
Table 8-1.
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Table 8-1 Comprehensive Energy Consumption of Chemical Reed Pulp Unit Product
Energy consumption
S.No.
Standard coal
equivalent
Actual consumption
Name
Unit
Unit
consumption
（kg）
（standard coal equivalent
kg/t product）
1
Water
m3
34
0.0857
2.9138
2
Power
kWh
400
0.1229
49.1600
0.03412
3
4
Steam
t
2.1
（thermal
equivalent
coefficient）
197.4371
Comprehensive energy consumption 249.511 kg standard coal/ton product
As shown by the calculation results in above table, the comprehensive energy
consumption of the chemical reed pulp workshop of the project is about 249.511kg
standard coal equivalent/ton product. In the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index
System for Pulp and Paper Industry” (for trial implementation) newly issued by
National Development and Reform Commission, the standard coal equivalent of
comprehensive energy consumption is defined as 680kg/t paperboard. As we can see
from above facts, with lower comprehensive energy consumption, all indexes of the
comprehensive technological transformation project exceed the national energy
consumption indexes for cleaner production. The project belongs to an energy
conservation one.
8.1.1.4 Energy conservation measures
Pulp and paper industry is one of the large energy consumers. So it is especially
important for pulp and paper industry to save energy. This project adopts energy
conservation measures in equipment selection, technology process and engineering
design for the purpose of reducing energy consumption as much as possible.
1. Adopting advanced energy-saving production technologies and equipment
like moderate concentration washing screen.
2. Accurately calculating balance of load, heat, water and materials, making
the selected equipment and capacity according with the production scale.
3. Adopting domestic advanced high-effective energy-saving equipment and
new heat-preserving materials for the specialized facilities of the project.
4. Trying the best to recycle production water and recover cooling water so
as to reduce fresh water consumption.
5. Adopting warm keeping measures for all the equipment and pipelines that
need thermal insulation.
6. Selecting and using advanced energy-saving new mechanical and electrical
equipment.
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7. Adopting advanced automatic-control system and well-fitting measuring
devices and paying attention to energy saving management.
8.1.2 Pollutant Generation and Control
8.1.2.1 Wastewater pollutant generation and control
The pulp material grinding system and washing and screening system would be run at
the condition of higher concentration as much as possible to reduce water
consumption. Each section of the production system would adopt water recycling and
white water recovery technologies as much as possible. For examples, the paper
making workshop would make full use of the white water generated in the process of
production; the under-mesh high-density white water would be used for concentration
regulation, pulp material washing and dilution, so as to reduce water consumption.
The surplus white water recovered through the white water recovery system would be
used to recover the fiber in the pulp materials so as to reduce consumption. Part of the
recovered white water would be used to wash the pulp machine and mesh so as to
reduce fresh-water consumption and reduce the discharge of wastewater and
pollutants causing environmental impact.
8.1.2.2 Solid wastes production and comprehensive utilization.
Residue and sludge yield of the wastewater treatment will amount to 2.02t/t
(completely dry). After dehydrated, they can be used by boilers as fuel.
8.1.3 Cleaner Production Capacity
Table 9 of the “Cleaner Production Evaluation Index System for Pulp and Paper
Industry” (for trial implementation) stipulated by National Development and Reform
Commission in 2006 defines indexes, weight and benchmark value for quantitative
assessment of paperboard. See Table 8-2 for comparison between the emission
indexes of this project and the benchmark value of cleaner production technical
indexes.
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Table 8-2 Schedule of Cleaner Production Capacity Assessment on Sulphate Reed Pulp Production Lines (Old And New)
Class of cleaner production
Assessment
Class I
Class II
Class III
Project adopted value
indexes
results
I. Requirements to production technology and equipment
The old line’s wet process generates
more power and ashes at the reed
cutting field. The new line’s wet
Recycling of the wastewater produced in the process of wet-dry or
process makes part of the washing
1. Material preparation
Class III
dry material preparation and washing
water recycled but the site
environment would be quite poor
because of leakage and overflow.
The old line adopts vertical digester
The old line
Horizontal pipe continuous cooking, batch displacement cooking, cooking and heat blowing. The new under Class III.
2. Cooking
cold blow
line adopts horizontal pipe continuous The new line at
cooking.
Class II
3. Washing
Multi-section countercurrent washing
Multi-section countercurrent washing
Class I
Full-closed pressure
Improving traditional
4. Screening
Pressure screening
Full-closed pressure screening
Class I
screening
washing process
Hydro-peroxide
Oxygen
replacing
Oxygen delignification, delignification, ECF,
Oxygen delignification, ECF or TCF
5. Bleaching
multi-section
Class I
ECF or TCF bleaching ClO2，partly replacing
bleaching
chlorine bleaching
chlorine bleaching
partly
II. Indexes of sources and energy utilization
≤100
≤110
≤130
34
Class I
1. Water consumption（m3/Adt）
2. Comprehensive energy
consumption (outsourced
≤950
≤1000
≤1150
125.44
Class I
energy) Kg (standard coal)//Adt
3. Fiber material (completely dry)
≤2.4
≤2.5
≤2.5
2.38
Class I
consumption t/ Adt
III. Indexes of pollutants yield
≤90
≤120
≤150
21.1
Class I
1. Wastewater yield（m3/Adt）
≤160
≤200
≤250
5.06
Class I
2. CODCr yield（kg/Adt）
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Class of cleaner production
indexes
3. BOD5 yield（Kg/Adt）
4. SS yield（Kg/Adt）
5. AOX yield（Kg/Adt）
1. Water recycling rate（%）
Class I
≤45
≤60
≤1.5
≥80
Class II
Class III
≤60
≤75
≤80
≤100
≤2.5
≤3.0
IV. Indexes of recovery and recycling
≥70
≥60
168
1.12
1.69
0.37
Assessment
results
Class I
Class I
Class I
80
Class I
Project adopted value
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
The non-fiber production line of Yueyang Forest & Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. （YYP）
makes pulp with reed as raw materials. According to the requirements of Annex B of
the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper Industry”, the principle
guidelines of the Company for wastewater management are shown in Table 8-3.
Table 8-3 Compatibility of The Site Wastewater Discharge with the Wastewater
Management Guidelines for Pulp and Paper Plant
Parameters
Unit
Guideline
Parameters
After
Transformed
Compatibility
Flow
m3/t(AD)
No dimension
34
6～9
Within standard
pH
50
6～9
TSS
kg/t(AD)
2.0
1.69
Within standard
COD
kg/t(AD)
30
5.06
Within standard
BOD5
kg/t(AD)
2.0
1.12
Within standard
AOX
kg/t(AD)
0.005
0.37
Over standard
Total nitrogen
kg/t(AD)
0.2
0.67
Over standard
Total phosphor
kg/t(AD)
0.01
0.045
Over standard
Within standard
After completed, this technological transformation project can make COD and BOD5
meet the requirements of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper
Industry” for wastewater management. AOX, total phosphor and total nitrogen
emission per ton of pulp can not meet the wastewater management requirement of the
Guidelines. All other indexes will meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The
emission of wastewater and total nitrogen would drop remarkably after the
transformation. The wastewater discharge per ton of pulp would meet the discharge
requirement of Table 2 of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper
Industry (GB3544-2008) (the yield of bleached non-wood pulp exceeds 60% of the
total consumption of the enterprise and the benchmark water discharge per unit of
product will be 60t/t (pulp). After the wastewater generated in production is treated in
the wastewater treatment system, the emission concentration of all kinds of pollutants
will meet the requirement of Table 2 of Discharge Standard (GB3544-2008). The
assessment requires the paper plant to enhance management to make wastewater
discharge meet the requirements of wastewater management guidelines for pulp and
paper plants.
As shown by the cleaner production capacity assessment in general, the chemical reed
pulp production line can reach the first-class world advanced level in both aspects of
source and energy utilization and pollutant generation. In order to steadily realize the
cleaner production indexes of the project and further reduce water and energy
consumption, it is necessary to enhance environmental management measures to
reduce pollutant generation.
8.2 Standardized Emission
8.2.1 Exhaust Gas
After the technological transformation completed and put into operation, the whole
process of the project would generate just a small amount of exhaust gas and basically
stop generation of dioxin. As designed, a process exhaust gas treatment system (gas
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washing tower) will be constructed for the project. All the exhaust gas generated in
operation will be cooled, absorbed and treated through the gas washing tower before
discharged safely.
8.2.2 Wastewater
The process of production with chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will basically
put an end to the generation of dioxin in the process of chlorine bleaching. The
content of AOX in the production wastewater will see a remarkable decrease. The
chlorine dioxide bleaching technology will reduce the production wastewater and
COD pollution load in larger degree in comparison with the original chlorine
bleaching. After the wastewater is treated through the deep treatment system, the total
emission of the main pollutants of the whole plant will be 2630.3t/a of COD, 584.5t/a
of BOD5 and 876.7t/a of SS, deceasing by 123.7t/a, 27.5t/a and 41.3t/a respectively in
comparison with the existing emission.
8.2.3 Solid Wastes
After technological transformation, the solid wastes generated in the process of
production with new bleaching technology will be mirabilite crystals, byproducts of
the process of chlorine dioxide preparation. After filtered, these solid wastes can be
directly recycled by the alkali recovery workshop. The sludge produced by the
wastewater deep treatment system can be delivered directly to boilers for
comprehensive use.
8.3 Total Amount Control
8.3.1 Factors of Total Amount Control
According to the “Plan of Total Amount Control over Main Pollutants Emission of
the Whole Country in the Period of the 11th Five-Year Plan” (Doc. No.: HF[2006] 90)
issued by the SEPA (today’s Ministry of Environmental Protection) and the National
Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), which stipulates that the State
implements total amount control over the emission of two kinds of main pollutants,
COD and SO2, in the Period of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the factors of total amount
control for this project is defined as: COD in wastewater, SO2, smoke dust (powder)
and NOx in exhaust gas.
8.3.2 Indexes for Total Amount Control
See Table 8-4 for the standardized total amount of pollutants emission of the whole
plant after the technological transformation completed.
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Table 8-4 Total Amount of Pollutants Emission of YYP after Transformation
Factors
Item
Actual emission of existing project
Standard emission of existing project
Total emission of whole plant after
transformation
Total emission of whole plant after
transformation - actual emission of
existing project
Total emission of whole plant after
transformation - standard emission of
existing project
SO2
Smoke
dust
(powder)
NOx
COD
1491.8
1491.8
264.87
264.87
1342.4
1342.4
3733.2
2754
1491.8
264.87
1342.4
2630.3
-
-
-
-1102.9
-
-
-
-123.7
8.3.3 Total amount control measures
See Table 8-5 for the total amount control indexes for the emission of main pollutants
allocated to YYP by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB)
according to the “Explanation about the Allocation of Total Amount Control Indexes
of Emission of Main Pollutants of Yueyang City in the 11th Five-Year Plan”.
After the technological transformation completed, the emission of main pollutants of
YYP will be 1491.8t/a of SO2 and 2630.3t/a of CODCr. In comparison with the
standardized emission of the existing project, the emission of COD will decrease by
123.7t/a. After the project completed, the main pollutants emission of YYP will meet
the total amount control indexes for 2010 allocated to the company by Yueyang EPB,
1500t/a of SO2 and 6200t/a of CODCr.
The NOx index suggested by this assessment is 1342.4 t/a as confirmed by Yueyang
EPB.
Table 8-5 Total Amount Control Indexes for Pollutants Emission of YYP in the 11th
Five-Year Plan
Factors
Year
2010
SO2
COD
1500
6200
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9. Analysis on Environmental Impact on Economic
Cost-Benefit
9.1 Analysis on Economic Benefits
Paper industry is one of the important basic raw material industries for the national
economy. The consumption level of paper and paperboard has become and important
indicator to measure the level of standardization and the degree of civilization of the
nation. Undergoing a rapid growth for more than two decades, our national economy
has brought about a steady and sustainable development to the paper industry. The
development of the paper industry has made China the second largest paper producing
and consuming country in the world for 7 consecutive years. In 2008, China was the
first largest paper producer and consumer in the world. The paper production and
consumption in the whole country has been keeping a trend of upgoing and quicker
growth. All the key economic indicators like sales income, total profits and total
pretax profits have seen a substantial increase. The paper and paperboard yield of our
country amounted to 13.71 million ton in 1990, 28.12 million ton in 1995 and 30.50
million ton in 2000. By 2007, the total yield had reached 73.50 million ton. Especially
after entering into the period of the 11th Five-Year Plan, the growth rate of the paper
yield has been remarkably accelerated. The output and consumption are gradually
coming into equality, seeing a status of balance between the supply and demand.
According to the investigation made by China Paper Association, there were about
3,500 paper and paper board enterprises in the whole country in 2008. The total
output of paper and paper board in that year amounted to 79.80 million ton, 8.57%
higher than 73.50 million ton of the last year. The consumption amount in that year
amounted to 79.37 million ton, 8.85% higher than 72.90 ton of the last year. The per
capital consumption in that year amounted to 60kg, 5kg higher than the last year. In
comparison with 2000, the output in 2008 saw a growth rate of 161.64% and the
consumption saw a growth rate of 121.96%. In the period from 2000 to 2008, the
output of paper and paper board saw an annual growth rate of 12.78% and the annual
growth rate of consumption was 10.48%, all higher than the annual growth rate of the
GDP of our country.
Starting from 2005, the import of paper and paperboard decreased, while the export
significantly increased. Under the influence of financial crisis in 2008, the import
decreased 10.72% compared to the last year and the export decreased 12.58% the
same period. According to statistics, the export of our paper products exceeded the
import the first time in August 2007. The export volume of paper and paperboard
amounted to 401 ton in 2007, decreasing 9.07% compared to 441 ton of the last year,
while the export volume in the same year amounted to 461 ton, the most in history,
increasing 35.19% compared with 341 ton of the last year. The export volume is 60%
more than the import (see Table 2.2-2 and Figure 2.2-2). The export exceeded import
the first time. Along with China changing from a paper import country into an export
country, our paper industry has come into the “turning point”.
In the period of the 11th Five-Year Plant, the state continuously eliminates backward
production capacity. It is expected that 6.50 million ton capacity will be been
eliminated in two years after 2007. The small paper enterprises shut down use straw
pulp as main materials to produce low grade art paper and corrugated paper. Along
with shutting of such small enterprises, the market of the eliminated 6.5 million
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capacity will be shared by competitive large and medium-sized enterprises. This is a
new and best opportunity for the large enterprises. In 2008, the paper and paperboard
output of our country was 79.80 million ton and the consumption was 73.50 million
ton. The supply and demand keep balance. Along with the elimination of backward
capacity, the gap between consumption and output will enlarge and the growth rate of
enterprise profits will keep higher than the growth rate of income. In the light of the
time period in which the new capacity will form, it is expected that the supply
pressure of domestic paper industry will decrease, the profit ability will improve
gradually, the prosperity index will gradually get better and the market will have an
even larger room. As expected before, the growth rate of our paper industry will keep
higher than the growth rate of our GDP the same period. The future growth of paper
industry of the whole world will appear concentratively in the markets of developing
countries. China will take the lead in growth of demand.
In the light of the sensitivity assessment on the project, the change of sales income
would exert the most impact on the financial internal rate of return or the benefits.
The impact of the operation costs on the financial internal rate of return is secondary.
The change of construction investment will exert the least impact on the financial
internal rate of return.
Through above assessment, the investors would have a clear idea. On one hand, they
would have the courage to master and explore the market, produce good products and
sales a good price. On the other hand, they would carry out precise and scientific
management and devote effort to reduce the cost and energy consumption. Only by
this, they could get the largest benefits from the investment.
9.2 Environmental Benefits Analysis
Drawing on the advanced experiences of other countries to prevent and control
pollutant generation from the original sources and eliminate or reduce outside
management, this technological transformation would significantly reduce the
investment amount.
This project is focused on the transformation of cleaner production technologies. All
the expenses for this transformation are from environmental protection investment.
Therefore, all the 58.88 million yuan invested to this project will used on
environmental protection.
After the cleaner production technologies are adopted in this transformation, the total
amount of wastewater emission will be reduced. The wastewater quality will be
remarkably improved. The index of AOX would already meet new national standard
once the wastewater discharged out of the workshop. After treated through the
60000m3/d treatment plant, the wastewater indexes would meet the “Discharge
Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008)”. The
construction of this project will help improve the local ecological environment. The
economic and environmental benefits would be remarkable.
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10. Public Participation
10.1 Purpose and Role of Public Participation
10.1.1 Purpose of Public Participation
Public participation is an important means to improve exchange and communication
between the project constructor and environmental protection department and the
public. Through public participation, the project sponsor can understand the attitude
and viewpoints of the public, particularly the residents living nearby the project site,
on the construction of the project as well as their opinions and recommendations on
the neighboring environment can be acquainted. At the same time, public
participation would also help fund out the problems that are hard to be found through
environmental monitoring assessment and prediction, make the environmental impact
assessment of the project democratized and publicized, provide reliable public
participation information for the environmental impact assessment of the project, let
public understand the nature of the project and its potential impact on the neighboring
environment, provide opportunity for the public and groups with direct or indirect
relation to the construction project to take part in the environmental impact
assessment and express their standpoint, opinion and recommendations on the project,
especially their concern about environmental pollution, so as to improve the
effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment and provide basis and
supervision for the primary design of the project and the implementation of
environmental protection measures.
10.1.2 Role of Public Participation
1. Comprehensively analyzing the public opinions, implementing them in the
supervision measures of environmental protection and taking them as the guideline in
the construction of the project
2. Communicating opinions between the public and the constructor,
introducing to the public the project survey, environmental pollution situation,
prevention and control measures and the results of environmental impact assessment
and prediction etc., and informing the opinions, recommendations and requests of the
public to the constructor as the basis for accommodation of the construction scheme
of the project.
10.2 Mode and Content of Public Participation
The solicitation of public opinions can be divided into two phases:
1. The first phase is in the initial period of project preparation mainly
including publicizing related information on the internet, posting the information
about the environmental impact assessment publicized at the first time in the
residential areas to make the public have an initial understanding of the project and
then soliciting public’s opinions by telephone calls, e-mails and letters. The opinion
solicitation will be started from the beginning of information publication to the end of
the whole process of environmental assessment.
2. The second phase is after the draft of environmental impact assessment
(EIA) completed, including publicizing online the information about the second time
EIA and posting the content related at the sensitive spots around the construction site,
and then openly soliciting public opinions mainly by issuing questionnaires according
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
to the characters of the project and educational level and living style of the public
residing around the project site. Moreover, before representatives of the masses fill in
the questionnaire formats, we would give them a brief introduction of the general
situation of the project and the environmental problems that may be brought about by
the construction and explain to them the contents of EIA report that need public
participation as required by the SEPA, trying to make the public understand the
purpose and significance of public participation, enhance their awareness of
environmental protection and take part in the environmental protection in the process
of the project actively and voluntarily. All the information about the public
participation will keep open in the whole process of public opinion solicitation.
The second phase of public participation will be implemented according to the
requirement stipulated by the Regulation for Public Participation in Environmental
Impact Assessment. The investigation period will be October 8-9, 2011 and the
opinion solicitation period will be 10 days.
Two times of information publicity and opinion solicitation are all carried out in
forms of online bulletin, site posting, field interview and issuing questionnaires. The
situation of information publicity is specified as follows.
1. Posting bulletin in the communities around the construction site. See
Figure 10-1 for the science of information publicity.
2. Making the first information publicity on the website of Yueyang Forest &
Paper Co. Ltd. (http://www.yypaper.com/contents/73/596.html) and making the
second publicity on the website of Hunan provincial Environmental Protection
Science Research Institute of Hunan Province
http://www.hraes.cn/pubs/detail.jsp?pageid=414）. See the attached figures 10.2 and
10.3.
Following information will be provided to the public:
1. Name and survey of the construction project
2. Name and contact of the constructor
3. Name and contact of the EIA department in charge of the assessment of
the project
4. Operating procedure and main works of the EIA
5. Main points of the public opinion solicitation
6. Main manners for the public to express their opinions
In the process of preparing the EIA report, we shall also investigate the enterprises
neighboring the technological transformation project site and the residents living
nearby the site who may be impacted directly by the project by issuing questionnaires
and follow-up interview, introduce them the environmental, social and economic
results of the construction project, the potential adverse impacts on atmosphere, water
and human health in the assessed area and the proposed countermeasures for relieving
the adverse impacts, and find out their attitude, requirements, opinions and
recommendations on the construction of the technological transformation project.
When issuing the questionnaires, we shall introduce the methods to fill in the forms.
For the convenience of the public, the questionnaires are designed for them to choose
the answer just with “√”. Narrative explanation will be made as necessary for the
public to fill in the forms according to their own will and return the forms voluntarily.
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The investigation should be both representative and at random. Representative means
the objects of the investigation would represent the public from all circles; At random
means the objects of the investigation would be decided randomly at statistics, the
choice opportunities of them would be equal and fair.
Figure 10-1 Public Bulletin Posted
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Figure 10-2 Bulletin Online the First Time
Figure 10-3 Bulletin Online the Second Time
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Table 10-1 Questionnaires on Public Participation
Education
level
Address
Telephone
Project survey: Located at the Chenglingji three-river estuary area of Hu’nan Province’s
Yueyang City, where the Yangtze River joins with the Dongting Lake, with the plant close to the
Yangtze River voyage channel, Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd. boasts water and land
transportation convenience, rich fresh water resources and abundant reed and poplar materials. In
order to improve cleaner production capacity, the company plans to make technological
transformation on the production line of reed pulp. The technological transformation mainly
includes: transforming the old chemical pulp chlorine bleaching production line into a water-saving
and environmental-friendly ECF bleaching production line and building an oxygen plant and a
chlorine dioxide preparation station compounded with the transformation. The designed scale of the
project will match the reed pulp production capacity of 180t/d. This is a technological
transformation project for cleaner production without changing the product mixture of the current
production line. The product is bleached kraft reed pulp. This technological transformation will be
made on the basis of the original workshop and use the space of the former maintenance cabin. All
the project works will be done within the plant without need of new land occupation. The total
investment is 58.88 million yuan. The proposed construction period is 12 months.
Environmental impacts: After the project completed, the fresh water consumption and
bleaching wastewater emission will be reduced by more than 50% respectively. By adopting ECF
for bleaching, the AOX in the bleaching wastewater will drop by 93% and the toxicity of AOX will
mostly disappear. After technological transformation, the water quality of the treated wastewater
from the reed pulp workshop will meet the current emission standard provided by the state and
would not bring about impact on the water environment around the plant. By adopting ECF, the
unorganized emission of chlorine from the reed pulp workshop will be significantly reduced. After
sound insulation, vibration damper and noise elimination measures are adopted, the equipment noise
generated in the process of the transformation will meet the limit standard. The solid wastes
generated in production will be recovered by the system and the mud generated from the wastewater
treatment plant will be recycled by low-grade paper plants.
Please provide your precious opinions and recommendations objectively and impartially based
on your understand the thought. We shall submit your rational requirements and feasible
recommendations to the property owner and environmental protection department.
Name
1
2
Age
Occupation
Do you know the construction of this project?
A. yes
B. a little
C. no
Your opinion on the environmental state of the project site：
A. good
B. general
C. poor
The most serious environmental problem existing in project site on your
opinion:
3
4
A.
air
pollution、
B. water pollution
C. noise pollution
D. solid waste
pollution、
The environmental impacts that might be brought about by the project
construction on your opinion:
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A.
air
pollution、
C.
noise
pollution
B. water pollution
D. solid waste
pollution
The impact on your life that might be brought about by the project construction
on your opinion:
5
A. no
B. beneficial
C. adverse
The issues you are concerned about the most in the project construction:
6
A.
social
results
B. economic results、
C.
control
pollution
D. employment
opportunity
Do you agree to the project construction? (explain your reason if not)
7
A. yes
B. no
Reasons:
Other opinions
and
recommendations
Prepared by: Environmental Protection Science Research Institute of Hu’nan Province
Date:
10.3 Objects of the Investigation
Based on the characters of the construction project, the geographic location, the
surrounding environmental state, the pollutant emission situation and the distribution
of surrounding sensitive spots, the objects of public participation investigation of the
project mainly include local government organizations, deputies to the People’s
Congress, social groups and relative department. As shown in Table 10-3, the objects
of investigation selected in this assessment are all the surrounding sensitive spots.
All the objects of the investigation are residents or workers at the sensitive spots
around the project site with certain understanding of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co.,
Ltd., so they can represent the opinions of the most people around the project site.
10.4 Statistics of the Investigation Results
10.4.1 Number of Questionnaires Issued and Recalled
86 questionnaires (80 to individual and 8 to groups) were issued in two times of
investigations. All of them have been recalled.
10.4.2 Personnel Composition of the Public Participation
See Table 10-2 for the composition of persons who have filled in the questionnaires.
Table 10-2 Composition of Objects of Public Participation Investigation
Items
Number of persons
Percentage
Male
47
58.8
Female
33
41.2
Over 35
45
56.2
Under 35
35
43.8
Sex
Age
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Items
Number of persons
Percentage
5
6.2
48
60.0
Junior college/university and
higher
27
33.8
Workers
66
82.5
Office clerks
4
5.0
Engineers
7
8.8
Technicians
2
2.5
Teachers
1
1.2
Under junior high school
Education
level
Secondary technical school and
senior high school
Occupations
As we can see in Table 10-2, there are 27 persons with education level of or above
junior college/university, accounting for 33.8% of the total; 48 persons with education
level of secondary technical school and senior high school, accounting for 60% of the
total; and 5 persons with education level under junior high school, accounting for 6.2%
of the total. Most of the public taking part in the assessment have certain level of
education. Most of them have certain capacity of independent thinking and analysis
on the content of the investigation. So, the 80 questionnaires recalled are effective.
Among the persons participating the investigation are 66 workers, accounting for 82.5%
of the total, 4 office clerks, accounting for 5.0%, 7 engineers, accounting for 8.8%,
and 2 technicians, accounting for 2.5%. The participants come from different sectors
and the 80 recalled questionnaires represent the opinion of different social circles and
business sectors in certain degree, so they are effective.
10.4.3 Statistical Results of Public Participation Investigation Questionnaire
Table 10-3 lists the basic information of individual objects of the investigation.
Table 10-3 Content of Public Opinion Investigation
S.
No.
Name
Age
32
Occupation
Education
Level
Address
Contact
Telephone
worker
secondary
technical
school
No.404 of Bldg 11,
Zuyuan Estate of
YYP
13973063861
No.104 of Bldg 4,
Zuyuan Estate of
YYP
13908406070
No.309 of Bldg 13,
Zuyuan Estate of
13975032055
1
Wan Yong
2
Yang
Taotao
22
worker
junior
college
3
Li Jiang
26
worker
secondary
technical
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
S.
No.
Name
Age
Occupation
Education
Level
Address
school
YYP
Zuyuan Estate of
YYP
13762014382
13077183687
4
Wang
Tielong
57
worker
senior
high
school
5
Chen
Longping
37
engineer
post
graduate
Fengshu New Village,
Yueyang City
worker
senior
high
school
Garden Estate
worker
senior
high
school
YYP Plant
benchworker
secondary
technical
school
worker
senior
high
school
6
Huang Hui
7
Cao
Guangqing
41
48
8
Cui Jiehui
9
Li
Zhengguo
10
Wu
Jinsong
43
worker
senior
high
school
11
Dong
Xianzhi
40
worker
junior
high
school
12
Peng Lihui
37
worker
13
Wang
Caiwen
53
worker
senior
high
school
14
Zhang yi
42
46
36
Contact
Telephone
YYP Plant
No.505 of Bldg18,
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13762754650
worker
junior
college
Luowang
Development Zone of
Yueyang City
13762081902
No.28 of Longzhu
Harbor, Guoda,
Yueyang City
13973004937
Yueyang Municipal
Construction Bureau
15
Lu Liren
37
worker
senior
high
school
16
Zhuo
Zhigang
44
worker
secondary
technical
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
S.
No.
Name
Age
Occupation
Education
Level
Address
Contact
Telephone
school
17
Lin
Zaichun
18
Xong
Jiaobin
19
Yuan
Zhinian
20
Yi
Zhisheng
21
Wan
Changji
22
Fu Huijun
23
Yi
Xiaomei
24
Yan
Caiyun
25
Deng
Xiuying
26
worker
junior
high
school
53
worker
junior
high
school
41
worker
junior
high
school
worker
secondary
technical
school
worker
senior
high
school
Garden Estate
worker
senior
high
school
Bldg 18 of Zone 1,
Huaneng Power Plant
Family Member
Residence Area
13975063068
worker
senior
high
school
staff
junior
college
Luowang
Development Zone of
Yueyang City
13973058909
staff
junior
high
school
Paotaishan
13908407352
制浆
senior
high
school
59
42
59
48
43
43
46
Ji Yu
27
Chen Qian
33
worker
secondary
technical
school
28
Luo
32
worker
secondary
182
13975061863
13786068092
Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
S.
No.
Name
Age
Address
Contact
Telephone
worker
secondary
technical
school
Boarding house of
YYP University
Students
15107309646
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP Plant
13973058931
worker
secondary
technical
school
No.604 of YYP
Expert Building
15073063846
No.704 of Bldg 2,
YYP Housing Estate
8570238
Occupation
Hongmei
29
Huang
Liangyan
30
Luo Ying
31
Liang
Haihua
Education
Level
technical
school
22
22
25
32
Shi Haixia
33
worker
secondary
technical
school
33
Chen
Guixiang
30
worker
junior
college
No.302 of Bldg5,
Hengtai Estate
13873050240
34
Ren Guilin
32
worker
junior
college
Garden Estate
13975056396
35
Liu
Zhixiang
36
Hu Bin
37
Li
Shuhong
38
Xiang
Changyong
worker
worker
junior
college
21
worker
senior
high
school
Huatai Wood Co.,
Ltd., Yueyang City
13807306974
23
worker
secondary
technical
school
No.610 of Bldg 13,
YYP Housing Estate
15173087684
Leifengshan
139754047428
28
39
Yu Liang
30
worker
secondary
technical
school
40
Cai Zihan
22
worker
junior
college
41
Xu
Yonghui
staff
senior
high
school
32
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S.
No.
42
Name
Xu Shen
Age
30
Education
Level
Address
Contact
Telephone
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13789004009
worker
senior
high
school
staff
senior
high
school
Leifengshan
15377302112
Huatai Estate
43
Li Bei
44
Yu
Dongwei
45
Wang
Liang
27
worker
senior
high
school
46
Wen Jian
29
technician
junior
college
No.201 of Zone 11,
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13975074730
47
Ren
Sihong
27
technician
本科
Hongjiazhou
Community of
Chenglingji
13975073184
48
Lin Hua
46
engineer
junior
college
Hengtai Estate
8590540
worker
senior
high
school
Shijia Group of
Fengshu Village,
Huabanqiao, Yueyang
City
13763018760
worker
secondary
technical
school
Baishiling of Bazimen
Economic
Development Zone,
Yueyang City
13575000505
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13789002959
Chenglingji Harbor
Bureau
13873095419
Fifth Middle School
of Yueyang City
13873057556
49
He Kai
22
Occupation
27
50
Ling Jia
30
51
Zhao
Guangbing
52
Peng
Lizheng
38
worker
senior
high
school
53
Zhou Yuyu
42
worker
junior
college
47
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
S.
No.
Name
Age
Occupation
Education
Level
Address
Contact
Telephone
54
Yu
Xiangdong
26
worker
junior
college
Ziyuan Estate of
Yueyang City
13786020684
monitor
junior
college
Guangming Village of
Chenglingji, Yueyang
City
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
6098092
Guihuayuan Estate of
Yueyang City
13786016782
55
Wen Ying
56
Liao
Wuying
33
40
57
Li Qin
34
worker
secondary
technical
school
58
Tu Jun
38
worker
junior
college
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
8565138
59
Zhuang
Minghua
34
worker
secondary
technical
school
Chenglingji Harbor
Bureau
8592588
60
Zhu
Kaijian 朱
凯剑
38
worker
junior
college
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13975028569
61
He
Qongfang
38
worker
junior
college
YYP Housing Estate
13873096656
62
Huang
Chunxiang
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP Housing Estate
13575018279
63
Zhong
Aiguo
49
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13873096462
64
Li Min
29
worker
junior
college
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13873035630
65
Meng
Qingtao
37
engineer
junior
college
YYP Ziyuan Estate
13973065506
66
Gao
Manhua
40
worker
secondary
technical
school
Sanhui Homestead of
Yueyang City
13975060127
67
Hu Cheng
25
engineer
junior
college
Chenglingji Harbor
Bureau
13762003749
45
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S.
No.
Name
Occupation
Education
Level
Address
Contact
Telephone
68
Cheng
Guoxin
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
13762938632
69
Chen
Manqiang
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP Housing Estate
8565761
70
Ge
Xiaohua
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP Garden Estate
13873058721
71
Wang
Xueping
38
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP Housing Estate
13762017321
72
Tang
Huaichu
55
worker
senior
high
school
YYP Garden Estate
73
Peng Yong
40
engineer
junior
college
YYP Housing Estate
13975056646
74
Lu
Shengming
40
worker
junior
college
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
8590981
75
Hu Rong
38
engineer
junior
college
Chenglingji Harbor
Bureau
8592009
76
Liang
Zhonghua
worker
secondary
technical
school
Hengtai Estate of
YYP
8571810
77
Song
Liwei
45
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP West Bldg 7
13873040937
78
Wu Zhang
32
engineer
junior
college
YYP East Bldg 37
8565896
79
Hou Ru
45
worker
secondary
technical
school
YYP East Bldg 12
80
Zhang Jing
29
teacher
junior
college
YYP Garden Estate
Age
42
53
40
50
186
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
10.5 Analysis on Public Opinions
1. 31% of the public know about the project construction clearly, 67% of
them know just a little and 2% of them do not know. The public acquaint themselves
with this project through radio and TV, private information and advertisement etc.
This public participation investigation increased transparent of the project.
2. 70% of the investigated think the environment quality of the project site is
rather poor. 21% of them think it quite ordinary. 9% of them think rather well. 75% of
the investigated think the main environmental problem at the project site is water
pollution.
3. 70% of the investigated public the project is beneficial to their life. 17% of
them think the project has no effect on their life. 90% of them are most concerned
about the social results, economic results and pollution control of the project.
4. All the investigated public agree to construct this project without
opposition. The public have expressed their strong support to the construction of the
project.
10.6 Statistics and Analysis of Group Opinions
Opinions and recommendations of the groups and entities located in the assessment
district are solicited this time (see annex). These groups and entities include Yueyang
Hengtai Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., Yueyang Hongjiazhou Community,
Yueyang Antai Industrial Co., Ltd., Yueyang Chenglingji Harbor Co., Ltd, Yueyang
Green Environmental Technologies Co., Ltd. and Hu’nan Maoyuan Forestry Co., Ltd.
As shown by the results of the public participation investigation, this project has
received understanding and support from more public and at the same time the public
ask the constructor to pay attention to environmental protection, adopt advanced
procedures and pollution prevention and control technologies, implement various
kinds of environmental protection measures and enhance environmental management.
In the process of construction and operation of the project, the constructor should pay
much attention to the results of this public participation, sincerely implement various
kinds of environmental protection measures, ensure standardized emission of the
“three wastes”, value public’s wishes and opinion, combine product development with
environmental protection and realize integration of economic, social and
environmental benefits.
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
11. Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring
11.1 Enterprise Environmental Management
1. Construction of environmental protection and management body
The enterprise has establish the environmental projection management board chaired
by the general manager of the enterprise with heads of different departments as the
members, the general engineer in charge of the specific works and the safety and
environmental protection department in charge of implementing the daily works. The
specific tasks of the board include solid wastes reduction and control, exhaust gas
control and treatment, wastewater control and treatment and noise prevention and
control. Each department assigns a part-time environmental protection principal and a
part-time environmental protection staff. The former is a leader of the department and
the later is responsible for daily environmental protection management and liaison
works of his department.
2
.Environmental protection system
The enterprise has established the system of responsibility by general manager,
inspection and supervision by safety and environmental protection department,
implementation by branches and round inspection by production sections, integrating
all the environment-related equipment and staff of the enterprise into an
environmental management and organization network, putting each equipment or
facility under the responsibility of a specific person. The production sector will
implement the system of four shifts with three changing and carry out process and site
round inspection and regular check to the production and environmental protection
equipment. Any problem once found will be reported and treated in time to ensure the
standardized emission of pollutants.
The enterprise has established and perfected various kinds of environmental
management systems. The enterprise has stipulated the environmental management
guideline of “observing discipline and obeying the law, conserving energy and
reducing consumption and realizing cleaner production and sustainable development”.
On the basis of the guideline, the enterprise has formulated the environmental
management target. In order to reach the target, the enterprise will carry out monthly
examination, rewarding the excellent and punishing the poor. The enterprise has
formulated related environmental protection programs, such as “Environmental Factor
Identification and Assessment Program”, “Wastewater Treatment and Control
Program”, “Furnace Flue Gas Emission Control Program”, “Noise Control Program”,
“Wastes Control Program”, “Sources and Energy Conservation and Control Program”,
“Chemical Management Program”, “Radiative Devices Management Program” and
“Emergency Preparation and Response Program”. All these programs are in normal
implementation at present. In order to ensure the environmental protection responsible
person and staff of each section, all their management works must be recorded
properly, ensuring steady implementation and improvement of the ISO14001
environmental management system.
11.2 Monitoring Plan
11.2.1 Project Monitoring Program
The technological transformation is a large scale project involving many production
sectors related. According to product varieties and yield, following automatic
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
monitoring program will be adopted. In the framework of management and control
integration, the pulp workshop, paper workshop, wastewater treatment plant and the
thermal power plant will be equipped with advanced and reliable DCS system widely
applied at home and abroad. At the same time, a network system will be established to
connect the production control system and sector management system. Through
network exchange of data and information, the managers of different sectors can
acquaint themselves with the situation of production, pollutants emission and
abnormal emission of each workshop (such as overfall, leakage and equipment outage
etc.), so as to carry out production schedule and equipment maintenance. Different
workshops also can exchange information with each other so as to optimize the
production, reduce pollutant emission and ensure normal operation of the pollution
control facilities. Through above programs, the project would try to make the
production process meat the requirements of the technical design, play the excellent
role of the advanced production equipment and reach the target for the management
department to realize the scheduled economic and environmental benefits.
11.2.2 Monitoring Program under Normal Operating Condition
The purpose of this project is to make technological transformation on the reed pulp
production line and build a new oxygen station and a new chlorine dioxide station.
Each section of the project will generate various kinds of environmental impact
factors such as water, gas, noise and solid wastes in the process of production. Based
on the characters of the project and the requirements of environmental management,
environmental monitoring programs have been formulated against the above
mentioned environmental impact factors. These programs mainly include:
1. Wastewater monitoring
Wastewater discharge outlets would be set for the pulp workshop and paper workshop
respectively. Wastewater discharge weir plate also would be set to monitor the flow of
wastewater. The quality of the wastewater would be monitored once a day. The
monitored items include pH, CODcr and SS.
The pH value of the water discharged from the chemical water treatment plant of the
thermal power project would be analyzed once a day. Automatic water flow
monitoring would be adopted for the circulating cooling water discharge of the
thermal power plant. Manual sampling analysis would be made on COD, SS, soluble
solid substances, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen contained in the discharged
water.
24-hour continuous sampling analysis would be made on the outflow of the
wastewater treatment plant with online monitoring system. The items to be monitored
include the flow, pH and CODcr. The BOD5, SS, total phosphorus and ammonia
nitrogen would be sampled and analyzed regularly at multi-points.
2. Groundwater quality monitoring
Two groundwater monitoring cells will be set at the production area of the plant and
the cinder yard respectively. The groundwater would be sampled and monitored once
a year. According to the flow direction of the groundwater, the items to be monitored
in the production area mainly include pH, COD, petroleum oil and volatile phenol.
3. Atmospheric environmental monitoring
For the convenience of exhaust gas sampling, the exhaust pipes are preset with
sampling holes and online flue gas monitors to monitor TSP, SO2 and NOx. Manual
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sampling monitoring would be made once a season on the exhaust intensity and
volume of flue gas, SO2 and NOx/
4. Acoustic environmental monitoring
Monitoring would be made once a year on the key noise sources, office area and
boundary area of the plant to ensure the acoustic environment around the plant site to
meet the requirements of environmental protection.
5. Solid wastes monitoring
The water content of the sludge from the sludge dewatering room of the wastewater
treatment plant would be monitored once a day and the ratio of organic and inorganic
compounds in the sludge would be measured regularly so as to timely adjust the
operating process of the sedimentation tank and secondary sedimentation tank based
on the status of dewatering to ensure the dewatering ratio to meet the requirement.
11.2.3 Emergency Monitoring Program
Adhering to the principle of “giving priority to prevention and taking initial action”
and sincerely preparing for emergency monitoring on pollution accidents, the
monitoring persons would get ready for reaching the site of any pollution accident, the
laboratory would get ready for analysis and test and all the test instruments would be
well debugged, ensuring that once a pollution accident occurs, assigned persons can
reach the site timely and start monitoring immediately. If the test can be made at site,
the test would be made at site. If the test cannot be made at site, samples would be
taken to the laboratory for immediate analysis and test. Related data should be
reported to responsible body timely for adopting emergency measure to prevent
accidental emission and danger generation.
11.2.4 Recommendation on Employment of Monitoring Persons and Instruments
The technical center of the enterprise will subordinate an environmental monitoring
station staffed with 3 full-time monitoring analysis person and equipped with
sufficient environmental monitoring instruments and equipment. The tasks of the
station mainly includes conducting daily monitoring of the discharge of gas, water,
noise and dregs from the plant according to the monitoring program and emergency
plan and rectifying the analysis and monitoring instruments and equipment.
Document and data management system has been stipulated for the sampling, analysis
and report of the monitoring analysis persons. The monitoring and analysis
instruments and equipment are listed in Table 11.2-1.
The enterprise also entrust Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau to
conduct regular monitoring of its environmental protection facilities and the state of
pollution emission and formulate seasonal monitoring report.
Table 11.2-1 Monitoring and Analysis Instruments and Equipment
S. No.
Names of instruments
Number
1
Electronic balance
1 set
2
refrigerator
1 set
3
Automatic flow gauge
3 sets
4
Automatic flue gas monitor
3 sets
5
PC
3 sets
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S. No.
Names of instruments
Number
6
Dissolved oxygen meter
2 sets
7
Noise tester
1 set
8
Petroleum oil tester
1 set
9
COD online monitor
2 sets
10
pH meter
2 sets
11
Portable monitoring equipment
Some
11.2.5 Monitoring Analysis Methods
Monitoring analysis will be implemented according to related standards of the state,
such as “Air and Waste Gas Monitor Analysis Method” for atmosphere monitoring,
“Water and Wastewater Monitor Analysis Method” for wastewater monitoring and
GB12349 - “Method of Measuring Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises” for
noise monitoring.
Quick monitoring measures can be adopted after related experiments are conducted
according to standards. The monitoring data would be filed and regularly reported to
the enterprise’s environmental management supervisor, environmental protection
organizations, production workshops, production coordinators and equipment
maintenance department etc...
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12. Analysis on the Compatibility with Related Industrial
Policies and Rationality of the Site Selection and Position
12.1 Compatibility with Related Industrial Policies and Planning
The Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry
(GB3544-2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in the pollutants
discharged from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge volume per unit
product and the quality of discharged water. According to above mention provisions,
the new technology of ECF is a kind of practical and mature technical choice for
sustainable development of pulp and paper industry. Eliminating conventional
bleaching system with elemental chlorine causing serious pollution and adopting ECF
technology can reduce yield of dioxins and sharply decrease the AOX index of the
discharged wastewater. The deep treatment of pulp and paper wastewater can
significantly reduce the discharge of pollutants and wastewater generated in the
process of production, which is according with related policies for
environmental-friendly development.
12.1.1 Compatibility with the National Economy and Social Development Overall
Plan
The international financial crisis also exerts serious impact to the paper industry of
our country. Because the export of other industrial sectors is hindered, the market of
paper products including wrapping paper and newsprint paper that occupy a large
percentage of paper industry products are also shrinking. The drop of market demand
in Shanghai seriously affects the sales of paper products and also exerts impact to the
development of paper industry. In 2008, the total output of paper and paper board of
China’s paper industry amounted to 83.90 million ton, increasing 8.75% year on year.
In 2007, the year-on-year growth rate was 13.08%. In comparison with 2007, the
growth rate in 2008 saw a notable drop. Since the third season of 2007, the product
inventory has been increasing, enterprises closed one after another and the prices
dropping sharply. In light of the total output and consumption situation of
machine-made paper and paper board, supply has exceeded demand in paper industry,
among which the seriously impacted paper products are wrapping paper and
newsprint paper, but the production and marketing are still thriving for daily used
disposable toilet paper.
The total output of paper and paper board in our country was 30.50 million ton in
2000 and rose to 83.90 million ton by 2008. The output of wrapping paper was 12.50
million ton and rose to 37.50 million ton by 2008. The growth rate of wrapping paper
is obviously higher than that of the whole industry. In 2007, the output of wrapping
paper in our country accounted for 49.54% of the total output of the paper and
paperboard, 45.20 higher than the average percentage of the world. In 2007, the
year-on-year growth rate of wrapping paper output was 14.44%, while the growth rate
of consumption at the same period was 11.36%. The growth rate of output is
obviously higher than that of the consumption.
The impact of the financial crisis on the market of daily consumer goods including
disposable sanitary goods is not so serious. No matter how serious the world
economic recession would be, the demand for basic daily consumer goods would not
decrease and the financial crisis would not exert too serious impact on their expert too.
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In 2008, most of the disposable sanitary goods made in china including those
produced by transnational corporation in China were sold in domestic market, so the
market will still maintain a steady and rapid growth. For 20-plus years, the Chinese
market of disposable sanitary good has seen a rapid growth. The market scale in 2007
was about 40 billion yuan, accounting for about 10% of the world. The market scale
in 2008 is estimated about 45 billion yuan.
Along with enforcement of the “Paper Industry Development Policy” of the state,
enhancement of the state effort on energy conservation, emission reduction and
backward production capacity elimination and implementation of the new pollutant
emission standards for paper enterprises, government at different levels would devote
even more efforts to supervision, management and law enforcement on the paper
enterprises, and some paper making enterprises in irrational scales with high energy
and water consumption and over-limit emission would be eliminated. Such a situation
would provide a large market space for those paper making enterprises with potential
of development like this project.
As an environmental-friendly transformation project, this project will eliminate the
conventional EC bleaching system causing serious pollution, construct
environmental-friendly and energy-saving new production line with ECF bleaching
technology. This project is according with the industrial development policies of the
state and the general plan of national economy and social development.
12.1.2 Compatibility with Industrial Development Plan
Article 22 of “Paper Industry Development Policy” stipulates: “The technology of
paper industry should be developed to the direction of high level, low consumption
and less pollution. It should be encouraged to use high yield pulping technology,
biological technology, low pollution pulping technology, medium consistency
technology, ECF or total chlorine free bleaching technology and Mechanical pulping
technology …”. Article 23 of the policy stipulates: “Lime pulping technology should
not be used. New project should not use EC bleaching technology (the existing one
should be eliminated gradually). Backward second-hand pulp and paper equipment
should not be imported.” The Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and
Paper Industry (GB3544-2008) stipulates strict requirements to the AOX content in
the pollutants discharged from pulp and paper plants, the Benchmark discharge
volume per unit product and the quality of discharged water. According to above
provisions, Chlorine dioxide-based ECF technology is a kind of practical and mature
technical choice for the sustainable development of pulp and paper industry.
Comprehensively recycling white mud and coal ash and improving wastewater deep
treatment technology are according with the principle requirements of the “Paper
Industry Development Policy” on comprehensive recycling and cleaner production.
12.1.3 Compatibility with the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper
Industrial Structure Adjustment”
According to the notice of the Economic Committee of Hu’nan Province ([2009]12)
about printing and issuing the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper
Industrial Structure Adjustment”, the guideline for paper industry restructuring in
the province is “to make overall plan for the development of the whole province’s
paper industry, develop capacity scientifically, regulate integrated inventory,
encourage the large projects and limit the small, help the excellent and eliminate the
backward, promote industrial upgrading and enlarge industrial scale, ensure our
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province to realize the target of pollutant emission reduction in the 11th Five-year Plan
period, devote much effort to develop energy-saving and environmental-friendly
paper industry, realize coordination between paper industrial development and
biological environmental protection to promote sustainable economic and social
development”.
Industrial scale: As shown in Table 12-1, the principle of the development plan for the
backbone pulp and paper enterprises of Hu’nan Province in the period from 2010 to
2015 is to promote combination and restructuring, give prominence to sources
integration and optimize industrial distribution. Therefore, this project is complaint
with the “11th Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper Industrial Structure
Adjustment”.
Table 12-1 Development Plan for the Backbone Pulp and Paper Enterprises of Hu’nan
Province in the Period From 2010 To 2015
Production Production
S.
Names of
Capacity in Capacity in
Pulp Varieties
Main Products
No.
Enterprises
2010
2015
(10,000t)
(10,000t)
chemical wood pulp,
news print paper,
Yueyang Paper of reed pulp, chemical
light weight coated
Tiger Forest &
mechanical pulp,
1
80
130
paper, super
Paper Group Co., mechanical pulp, waste
calendered paper,
Ltd.
paper pulp, commodity
paper board
wood pulp
chemical wood pulp,
Yuanjiang Paper of
wood free paper,
chemical reed pulp,
Tiger Forest &
carbonless copy base
2
chemical mechanical
35
70
Paper Group Co.,
paper, writing paper,
pulp, commodity wood
Ltd.
coated art paper
pulp
Changde Paper of
dissolving pulp or
dissolving pulp or
Tiger Forest &
3
chemical mechanical
30
30
chemical mechanical
Paper Group Co.,
pulp
pulp
Ltd.
high-grade
Changde Heng’an
4
commodity wood pulp
13
18
household daily used
Paper
paper
Hu’nan Xueli Paper chemical reed pulp,
wood free paper,
5
7
15
Industry Co. Ltd. commodity wood pulp
copy paper
chemical reed pulp,
Jinbeishun Paper
wood free paper,
6
chemical mechanical
20
30
Co., Ltd
copy paper
pulp, commodity pulp
湖南林源纸业
wood free paper,
有限公司
chemical reed pulp,
7
5
15
copy
paper, sketch
Hu’nan Linyuan commodity wood pulp
paper
Paper Industrial
Co., Ltd.
Hu’nan Changde
wood free paper,
chemical reed pulp,
8
Paper Industrial
5
15
writing paper, static
commodity wood pulp
Co., Ltd.
copy paper
cup paper,
Yueyang Fengli
chemical reed pulp,
decorative base
9
Paper Industrial
10
20
commodity wood pulp
paper, wood free
Co., Ltd.
paper, copy paper
Hu’nan Tuopu
bamboo/cotton/ramie
bamboo/cotton/ramie
10
10
20
Bamboo & Ramie
pulp,
pulp,
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S.
No.
Names of
Enterprises
Pulp Varieties
Production Production
Capacity in Capacity in
2010
2015
(10,000t)
(10,000t)
Industrial Co., Ltd. bamboo/cotton/ramie
(reorganized from
fiber
Hu’nan Building
Material Paper
Plant)
Hu’nan Tianjie
Paper Company
chemical reed pulp,
11 (reorganized from
commodity wood pulp
Anxiang Xiantou
Paper Co., Ltd
chemical reed pulp,
Golden Sun Paper chemical mechanical
12
Industrial Co., Ltd. pulp, commodity wood
pulp
Hu’nan Zhongye
Meilong Paper
chemical reed pulp,
13 Industrial Col, Ltd.
commodity wood pulp
(former Changde
Tianhong Paper)
Main Products
bamboo/cotton/ramie
fiber
3
10
wood free paper,
writing paper, static
copy paper
15
30
art paper, base paper
for diazotype
10
20
writing paper, art
paper, static copy
paper
12.2 Environment State and Environmental Impact of the Project
All the contents of SO2, TSP and NO2 in the atmospheric environment at the
monitoring spots in the assessment area meet the second grade standard defined by
the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). All the factors monitored at the
monitoring sections of the pollutant receiving water body of the Yangtze River meet
the requirement of Class-II standard defined by GB3838-2002.
As predicted, the impact of the proposed project on the local water environment
would be light. Within the limit of the environmental capacity, the noise can be kept
within the standard and the solid wastes can be stacked safely after treatment.
In summary, the site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic
is convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological
conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the
water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality
can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under
the condition that the constructor earnestly implements the environmental protection
measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized
emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, this construction project is
feasible.
12.3 Analysis on the Rationality of the Plain Layout
As a project of technological transformation, the plain layout not only gives
consideration to the land-use area of the existing production lines but also that of the
new production line. This project will build up a continuous cooking section for the
new chemical reed pulp plant at the space preserved in last phase. The mechanical
workshop will be demolished and the general assembly workshop will reserved for
the construction of chemical reed pulp workshop. The former mechanical pulp
workshop will be demolished for the construction of oxygen station and chlorine
dioxide workshop. The plain layout meets the requirements of production process and
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material movement, making the logistic path of the raw materials and finished
products short and smooth, not only giving consideration to the contact with the old
plant but also minimizing the impact on the production of the old plant in the process
of construction.
The environmental assessment shows that the plain layout of the proposed project is
reasonable.
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13. Conclusion and Suggestions
13.1 Survey of the Project
Yueyang Forest & Paper Industrial Co., Ltd. (YYP) will transform the bleaching
system of current chemical reed pulp workshop, eliminate current chlorine bleaching
production line and transform CEH bleaching system as ECF bleaching system. This
technological transformation will sharply reduce the organic substances in the pulp
bleaching wastewater and help the company develop to the direction of high standard,
low consumption and less pollution. The purpose of the project construction is to
prevent and reduce pollutants generation from the original sources, reduce outside
control and production cost and realize cleaner production.
13.2 Analysis on the project
13.2.1 Existing Project
At present, YYP has a pulping system with capacity of 570,000t/a and a paper making
system with capacity of 800,000t/a fitted with thermal power plant, alkali recovery
furnace, lime kiln and specialized dock etc. The pollution sources of the existing
project mainly include the pulp making wastewater and the exhaust gas discharged
from the thermal power plant, alkali recovery furnace and lime kiln etc.
At present, the wastewater flow of the main waterspout is 30.64 million m3/a, and
CODcr 2630.3t/a. The pollutant emissions of existing 6 boilers and 2 alkali furnaces
meet the requirement of standardized emission, including 1491.8t/a of SO2 and
264.87t/a of flue gas.
13.2.2 Technological Transformation
The main purpose of this project is to make technological transform on the bleaching
section of the chemical reed pulp workshop. As the project analysis shows, the
discharge volume of the chemical reed pulp workshop will be 10115.8m3/d, 4043.2
m3/d less than that before the transformation. All the wastewater will be treated in the
wastewater treatment plant. The discharge of treated water will meet the standard
stipulated for paper industry by the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp
and Paper Industry (GB3544-2008). The wastewater treated according to the standard
will be discharged into the Dongting Lake through sewage pipeline. The annual
discharge volume of CODcr will be 309.5t.
After transformation, the wastewater treatment plant will produce 2.02t, which will be
used as fuel of boilers. At the same time, the project will generate 4332t/a of
mirabilite, all of which will recycled by the alkali recovery workshop.
The noise intensity of the new equipment added to the proposed project will be
70-110 dB.
13.3 State of the Environment
1. Ambient air
Three ambient air monitoring spots will be set for 24x7 monitoring. The hour and
daily average concentration of SO2、NO2 at the monitoring spots meets the second
grade stipulated by the “Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” . The hour
and daily average concentration of PM10 and TSP exceeds the standard by 0.55 and
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0.06 times. The main causes of the exceeding include dry weather, closeness to
highway and traffic flying dust.
NH3 at the monitoring spots does not exceed the standard and keeps within the limit
to harmful substances content in the atmosphere in residential area stipulated by the
“Hygienic Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises”.
2. Surface water
Four water quality monitoring section are set for the wastewater receiving water body
of the Yangtze River. All the factors monitored meet the Class III water quality
standard stipulated by GB3838-2002.
3. Acoustic environment
Ten noise monitoring spots are set around the boundary. The day and night noise
value monitored at the boundary meet the Class II standard limit defined by the
“Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary（GB12348-2008）”.
13.4 Environmental feasibility Analysis on the Project Construction
13.4.1 Analysis on the Compatibility with Industrial Policies
The project construction is compatible with the “10th-Five-Year and 2010 Special
Plan of National Forest-Paper Integrated Engineering Construction”, the “Directory of
the National Industrial Structure Adjustment (Edition of 2011)”, the “Paper Industry
Development Policy” and the “11th-Five-Year Special Plan of Hu’nan Province Paper
Industrial Structure Adjustment”
13.4.2 Feasibility Analysis on Site Selection
The site of the proposed project meets local land-use planning. The traffic is
convenient. The water and power supply facilities are complete. The geological
conditions are all right. Under normal operation state after the project completed, the
water environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environmental quality
can meet the requirements of local environmental function district. In general, under
the condition that the constructor earnestly implement the environmental protection
measures, keeps normal operation, enhances management and ensures standardized
emission and total amount control of the “three wastes”, the site selection of the
construction project is feasible.
13.4.3 Capacity of Cleaner Production
After completed, this technological transformation project can make COD and BOD5
meet the requirements of the “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Paper
Industry” for wastewater management. AOX, total phosphor and total nitrogen
emission per ton of pulp can not meet the wastewater management requirement of the
Guidelines. All other indexes will meet the requirements of the Guidelines. The
emission of wastewater and total nitrogen would drop remarkably after the
transformation. The wastewater discharge per ton of pulp would meet the discharge
requirement of Table 2 of “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper
Industry (GB3544-2008) (the yield of bleached non-wood pulp exceeds 60% of the
total consumption of the enterprise and the benchmark water discharge per unit of
product will be 60t/t (pulp). After the wastewater generated in production is treated in
the wastewater treatment system, the emission concentration of all kinds of pollutants
will meet the requirement of Table 2 of Discharge Standard (GB3544-2008). The
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assessment requires the paper plant to enhance management to make wastewater
discharge meet the requirements of wastewater management guidelines for pulp and
paper plants.
13.4.4 Reliability of Standardized Emission
All the exhaust gas, wastewater and noise generated by the project can meet the
requirements of standardized emission, and the solid wastes can be disposed
effectively.
13.4.5 Total Amount Control of Pollutant Emission and Sources of Indexes
After the project completed, the emissions of major pollutants of YYP will be
SO21491.8t/a and CODCr2630.3t/a respectively. In comparison with the standardized
emission of the existing plant, COD will decrease. The emission of major pollutants
would meet 2010 index of total amount control of SO21500t/a and CODCr6200t/a
stipulated for the company by Yueyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
The index of NOx, 1342.4 t/a, suggested in the assessment is confirmed by Yueyang
Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.
13.4.6 Conclusion of Environmental Impact Prediction
1. Surface water
(a) After the project completed, wastewater discharge of the whole plant will
be reduced in comparison with the existing one. The COD at a distance of
8500m will reduce 0.038 mg/l and BOD at a distance of 8500 will reduce
0.008mg/l.
(b) If the wastewater treatment plant breaks down, accidental discharge of
wastewater would bring about greater influence to the BOD5 of the
Yangtze River and an about 100x10m BOD5 pollution area would be
formed at the downstream of the outlet.
(c) After the wastewater of the project discharged in to the Yangtze River, the
largest contribution value of AOX would be 0.010mg/L. After completely
mixed, the predicted AOX concentration would be 0.000005mg/L. In
normal discharge of the wastewater, the AOX would not exert serious
impact to the Aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River.
2. Acoustic environment
When the proposed project put into operation, the boundary noise value at daytime
and night would meet the Class III standard defined by the “Emission Standard for
Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary”（GB12348-2008）
13.4.7 Public Participation
Two times of the public participation investigation adopted 3 forms – online publicity,
posting bulletin and issuing public participation questionnaires. All the investigated
public support the project. The assessment accepted public participants’ suggestions
and reasonable requirements. They expect the constructor to pay attention to the
public opinion, enhance environmental management, ensure standardized emission of
the pollutants, improve risk prevention measures, reduce impact of the production
process on the environment and do well residents’ demolition resettlement and job
placement.
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13.5 Conclusion on the Overall Assessment
According with related industrial policies and plans of the state and adopting
advanced technologies and equipment, the technological transformation project for
cleaner production of the chemical pulp bleaching system of Yueyang Forest & Paper
Co., Ltd elevate comprehensive utilization of sources and energy and cleaner
production capacity of the enterprise. After the project completed, the water
environmental quality, ambient air quality and acoustic environment in the assessment
area would meet the requirements of environmental function district. Therefore, under
the condition of standardized emission and total amount control, the project
construction is feasible in view of environmental protection.
13.6 Recommendations
1. Try the best to use low-sulfur coal so as to reduce SO2 emission.
2. Intensify clean drainage utilization in material preparation and ash
humidifying.
3. Make environmental protection funds available in the process of
construction to ensure the “three at-the-same-time” performed smoothly.
4. Local environmental protection department should timely master the state
of “three wastes” treatment facilities in light of the progress of construction, report to
the competent environmental protection department at higher level and provide
feedback to the constructor at the same time.
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Map 1: Location of the Project Site
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Cleaner Production Technology Reform for Reed Pulp Chemical Bleaching System of Yueyang Forest & Paper Co., Ltd
Map 2: Surface Water Quality Sampling Sites
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Map 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas
203