Boundless Lecture Slides
Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless Teaching
Platform
Boundless empowers educators to engage their students
with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive
teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform
gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in
more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular
titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books,
or make switching to our platform easier by building from
Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned
textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they
need to assign readings and assessments, monitor
student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made
teaching resources.
Using Boundless Presentations
The Appendix
The appendix is for you to use to add depth and
breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and
drop slides from the appendix into the main
presentation to make for a richer lecture
experience.
Get started now at:
http://boundless.com/teaching-platform
Free to edit, share, and copy
Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies
of the Boundless presentations as you like. We
encourage you to take these presentations and
make them your own.
If you have any questions or problems please email:
educators@boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
About Boundless
Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and
accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational
content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless
integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently
at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to
engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools
as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free
and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its
website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with
Boundless, visit boundless.com.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms > Control of Microbial Growth
Control of Microbial Growth
• Considerations in Microbial Control
• Rate of Microbial Death
• Relative Resistance of Microbes
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.www/boundless.com/microbiology?campaign_content=book_228_section_67&campaign_term=Microbiology&utm_campaign=powerpoint&ut
m_medium=direct&utm_source=boundless
Culturing Microorganisms > Control of Microbial Growth
Considerations in Microbial Control
• Controlling microbial growth is important in the medical field, pharmaceutical and
biotechnology industries, academic research, and food industry.
• The degree of acceptable microbial presence can differ based on the
circumstances. Sterilization as a definition means that all life was terminated,
whereas sanitization and disinfection terminates selectively and partially.
• Chemical agents that can eliminate or suppress microbial life are separated in
different groups based on their use. The major groups are disinfectants,
antiseptics, and antibiotics.
• Antibacterials are divided into two broad groups according to their biological effect
on microorganisms: bactericidal agents kill bacteria, and bacteriostatic agents
Joseph Lister
View on Boundless.com
slow down or stall bacterial growth.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.www/boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/culturing-microorganisms-6/control-of-microbial-growth67/considerations-in-microbial-control-396-
Culturing Microorganisms > Control of Microbial Growth
Rate of Microbial Death
• When researching microbial death rate, the goal is usually to find out the
minimum time needed to achieve acceptable level of sterilization for a specific
purpose.
• Bacterial reduction is determined by a D-value, meaning how long it would take to
reduce the bacterial population by 90% or one log10 at a given state of the killing
agent.
• Microbial death curves have been developed for many agents and are used in
numerous industries.
Killing curve of C. botulinum
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.www/boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/culturing-microorganisms-6/control-of-microbial-growth67/rate-of-microbial-death-397-
Culturing Microorganisms > Control of Microbial Growth
Relative Resistance of Microbes
• Endospores are considered the most resistant structure of microbes. They are
resistant to most agents that would normally kill the vegetative cells they formed
from.
• Mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat. Protozoa cysts are quite
hard to eliminate too. Gram negative species have high levels of natural antibiotic
resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major resistant human
pathogens.
• Fungal cells as well as spores are more susceptible to treatments. Vegetative
bacterial and yeasts cells are some of the easiest to eliminate with different
treatment methods. Viruses, especially enveloped ones, are relatively easy to
treat successfully with chemicals due to the presence of lipids.
Bacillus subtilis stained with the Schaeffer-Fulton
stain.
View on Boundless.com
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
www.www/boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/culturing-microorganisms-6/control-of-microbial-growth67/relative-resistance-of-microbes-398-
Appendix
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Key terms
• 12-D reduction The time needed to reduce the amount of bacteria by 1012 bacteria per gram or milliliter.
• D-value The time needed to reduce the bacterial population by 90% or one log10 at a given temperature.
• endospores An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute
phylum.
• horizontal gene transfer The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another one that is not its offspring; especially
common among bacteria.
• microbicides Compounds or substances whose purpose is to reduce the infectivity of microbes, such as viruses or bacteria.
• parenteral Administered by some means other than oral intake, particularly intravenously or by injection.
• sterilization Any process that eliminates or kills all forms of microbial life present on a surface, solution, or solid compound.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Killing curve of C. botulinum
This curve presents the DR value (12.6 seconds) and the 12-D reduction (151 seconds) for C. botulinum. The killing agent is heat at 121ºC.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Amazon Web Services. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://s3.amazonaws.com/figures.boundless.com/50a7dabbe4b0e5a61a919e3c/Killing_curve.jpg View on
Boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Bacillus subtilis stained with the Schaeffer-Fulton stain.
A stained preparation of Bacillus subtilis showing endospores as green and the vegetative cell as red.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Bacillus subtilis Spore." CC BY-SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bacillus_subtilis_Spore.jpg View on Boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Joseph Lister
Joseph Lister was one of the first to use aseptic techniques during surgeries.
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Wikipedia. "Joseph Lister c1855." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joseph_Lister_c1855.jpg View on Boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Which are types of chemical agents that eliminate or control
microbial growth?
A) antiseptics
B) antibiotics
C) disinfectants
D) All of these answers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Which are types of chemical agents that eliminate or control
microbial growth?
A) antiseptics
B) antibiotics
C) disinfectants
D) All of these answers
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Culturing Microorganisms
A reduction of a bacterial population by log10 is also known as the
____________.
A) D-value
B) ldl 50
C) killing agent
D) sterilization
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
A reduction of a bacterial population by log10 is also known as the
____________.
A) D-value
B) ldl 50
C) killing agent
D) sterilization
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Culturing Microorganisms
Often bacteria are unaffected by antibiotics, this often due to the
antibiotics being removed quickly by what?
A) cell wall
B) horizontal gene transfer
C) envelope
D) efflux pumps
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
Often bacteria are unaffected by antibiotics, this often due to the
antibiotics being removed quickly by what?
A) cell wall
B) horizontal gene transfer
C) envelope
D) efflux pumps
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Culturing Microorganisms
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Thermal death time." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_death_time
• Wikipedia. "D-value." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-value
• Wikipedia. "12-D reduction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12-D%20reduction
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "CDC - About Antimicrobial Resistance." Public domain
http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html
• Wikipedia. "Antibiotic resistance." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_resistance
• Wikipedia. "Mycobacterium." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium
• Wikipedia. "Endospore." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore
• Wikipedia. "Staphylococcus aureus." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus
• Wikipedia. "Protozoa." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoa
• Wikipedia. "Pseudomonas." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas
• Wikipedia. "endospores." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/endospores
• Wiktionary. "horizontal gene transfer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/horizontal+gene+transfer
• Wikipedia. "Food preservation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_preservation
• Wikipedia. "Sterilization (microbiology)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)
• Wikipedia. "Sterility assurance level." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterility_assurance_level
• Wikipedia. "Antiseptic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiseptic
• Wikipedia. "Sterilization (microbiology)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com
Culturing Microorganisms
• Wikipedia. "Disinfectant." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant
• Wikipedia. "microbicides." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microbicides
• Wikipedia. "sterilization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sterilization
• Wiktionary. "parenteral." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parenteral
• Wikipedia. "Antibacterial." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterial
Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com