A. CELL THEORY
1) All living things are made
of one or more cells.
2) Cells are the basic
unit of structure and
function in living things.
3) Living cells come
only from other living
cells.
B) Two Types of Cells:
• These cells have a nucleus.
• Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that
holds the DNA.
• Examples are plant and animal cells.
• These cells DO NOT have a nucleus.
• DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the
cell.
• An example is bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
C) ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS:
No Cell wall
Small Vacuoles
No Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Large Vacuoles
Large
Chloroplasts
Elodea leaf
“Tiny Solar Panels”
C) SOME CELL TERMS &
STRUCTURES:
1) ORGANELLES:
• tiny organs in the cell.
2) CYTOPLASM:
• fluid filling inside the cell membrane.
• makes up the majority of cell’s mass.
Organelles
Cytoplasm
3) CELL MEMBRANE
• controls movement of materials into and
out of the cell
• holds cell together
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
Phospholipids
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
Phospholipids
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
Plant Cell
Cell wall
Cell
membrane
Plant Cell
4) CELL WALL
• found in plant cells not animal cells
• provides strength and support for plant
cells.
• made of cellulose (long chains of sugar
molecules)
Elodea leaf
C) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:
1) Nucleus:
• the control center of the cell
• stores DNA
(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the
nucleus, which makes ribosomes.
Animal Cell
DNA
Nucleolus
Nuclear
membrane
Nucleus
(b) nuclear membrane - controls
movement of materials in and
out of nucleus.
(c)
DNA - stores information for
making proteins
2) RIBOSOME
• tiny grain like
particles usually
found along the
E.R.
• proteins are
Ribosome
made here
Proteins
Amino acids
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Animal Cell
Ribosome
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Animal Cell
3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
• makes lipids
• the delivery system of the cell for
compounds such as proteins through its
tubular connections.
Mitochondria
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
4) Mitochondria:
• the “Power House” of the cell
• releases energy packets of ATP for use
in the cell.
Chloroplast
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
5) Chloroplast:
• “Solar Panels” for capturing energy
• they use energy from sunlight to make
food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Plant Cell
Cell
membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Animal Cell
6) Vacuole:
Plant Cell
• “Storage Tanks” of the cell
• store water, food and waste.
Animal Cell
Golgi complex
Animal Cell
7) Golgi body:
• packages and transports materials out
of the cell.
Vesicle with food
Animal Cell
Lysosome
8) Lysosome:
• “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”
• digest food particles, wastes, cell parts,
and foreign invaders.
On page 98 in Textbook
Today’s Objectives:
1) You will be able to do the following:
•
List 3 parts of cell theory.
•
List 2 cell types & one characteristic for each.
•
List 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
2) You will practice the following language
objectives:
•
Listen and write notes about cells.
•
Discuss with lab partner and class the key points of today’s
lesson.