McGraw-Hill
Chapter 16:
The Urinary System
© 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

16-2
Learning Outcomes
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Describe the parts of the urinary system and discuss the function of each part.
Identify the parts of the urinary system, the function of each part, and word building.
Identify and understand the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the urinary system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the urinary system.
Define the surgical terms related to the urinary system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the urinary system.
McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure / Function
 Urinary System
 Renal System /Excretory System
 Maintains water balance
 Removes waste products
 Urology =
 Ur(o) urinary + ology study of
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16-3

Function / Structure
 Composed of Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, and
Urethra
 Two kidneys (nephr(o)- posterior mid trunk
 Filter toxins/ substances / creates urine
 Two ureters (ureter(o)-carries urine
 Urinary bladder (cysto)- stores urine
 Urethra (urethro(o) – removes urine
16-4
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Urinary System
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16-5

Major Word Parts
 cali(o), calic(o)
 cyst(o)
 glomerul(o)
 meat(o)
 nephr(o)
 pyel(o)
 ren(o)
 trigon(o) calix bladder glomerulus meatus kidney renal pelvis kidney trigone
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16-6

Major Word Parts
 ur(o), urin(o)
 ureter(o)
 urethr(o)
 -uria
 vesic(o)
 cali(o), calic(o)
 cyst(o)
 meat(o)
 nephr(o) urine ureter urethra of urine bladder calix glomerulus meatus kidney
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16-7

Parts: The Kidneys
 Bean shaped organ
 Mid to lower back
 Filtering the blood
 Regulate fluids
 Kidney = Nephr(o)
 Test /Procedure = Ren(o)
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16-8

Kidneys
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16-9

Blood Pressure/Kidneys
 Homeostasis (equilibrium)
 Balance salts, sugars, and water
 Two control mechanisms
 Automatic dilating /constricting of the arterioles
 Release of renin
 Affects on blood pressure
16-10
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16-11
Water Balance
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Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
 Ureters -ureter(o) - 22 cm long tubes extend from kidney to bladder
 Urinary bladder – cyst(o) – sac like structure sits in the pelvis, muscular for forcing urine out
 Urethra – urethr(o) - extends from bladder to the meatus (controls release)
16-12
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Prostate Gland
 Urinary system is the same for both sexes with the exception of the prostate gland
 Only in males, connecting urethra and ejaculatory duct
 Prostate = prostat(o)
16-13
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Ureters, Bladder, Urethra
16-14
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Cystitis vs Pyelonephritis
 Cystitis
 superficial infection
 dysuria, urgency, frequency
 Intracellular, biofilm like pods
 Pyelonephritis
 invasion of kidney, +/bloodstream
 Fever, chill, flank pain, tenderness, increase
WBC
16-15
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab Test
 Urinalysis used to diagnose many urinary disorders, conditions, symptoms, and diseases
 Look at urine sample by microscope or machine
 Urine sterile in body sample should remain sterile
 “Clean catch” not sterile, but used
16-16
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Urinalysis Report
16-17
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Foley Catheter
16-18
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Condom Catheter
16-19
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Imaging Tests
 KUB = Kidney/Ureters/Bladder – diagnostic radiologic exam
 Shows abdominal organs
 Ultrasound U/S = Sounds waves used to visualize the organs
 Patients are asked to drink lots of water prior to U/S, sound travels better through fluid
16-20
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Peritoneal Dialysis
16-21
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Programmed Review
 cystoscopy
 cystoscope
 kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
 retrograde pyelogram (RP)
 voiding (urinating) cystourethrogram (VCU, VCUG)
16-22
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Wave Lithotripsy
16-23
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Pathological Terms
 Used to assign a disease to symptoms and findings
 Many abbreviations used in place of longer medical terms
 UTI = Urinary Tract Infection
16-24
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Surgical Terms
 Urologists perform surgical procedures to correct, remove, or reconstruct organs and tissue to improve function, and quality of life
16-25
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Resected Kidney
16-26
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16-27
Pharmacological Terms
 antispasmodic
 diuretic
 antihypertensive (ACE inhibitor)
 antibiotics
 anticholinergics
McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

16-28
Chapter Review






Describe the parts of the urinary system and discuss the function of each part.
Identify the parts of the urinary system, the function of each part, and word building.
Identify and understand the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the urinary system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the urinary system.
Define the surgical terms related to the urinary system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the urinary system.
McGraw-Hill © 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.