Exodus
Including Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Exodus: The Time- 431 years
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Egypt: 430 Years
o 1897 BC – 1804 BC: Joseph and Hebrew prosperity- 93 years
 1897 BC is given as the approximate date of Joseph’s arrival in Egypt
 1875 BC is given as Jacob’s arrival in Egypt
 1804 BC Joseph’s death
o 1730 BC – 1446 BC: End of freedom, period of bondage- 284 years
 1730 BC Exodus 1:8 “…there arose a new king over Egypt who did not know
Joseph…”
 This would be the beginning of the reign of Hyksos
 Hyksos turned the Jews from less than 150 years of freedom and
prosperity into more than 275 years of bondage and misery
 Exodus 1:15-22 It was the intention of Egypt to erase Israel into
extinction (vs. 22)
 1528 BC King Thutmose orders Hebrew midwives to cast Hebrew male
newborns into the Nile
 Baby Moses ends up in the bulrushes
 1446 BC The Period of Plagues / the exodus through the Red Sea
Deliverance & Freedom- Wilderness and Mt. Sinai: 1 year
o 1445 BC The giving of the Ten Commandments lead to the book of Exodus ending with
the erection of the Tabernacle in the wilderness
Exodus: Redemption and Revelation
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Redemption: Groaning to Glory
o Chapters 1 through 18 tell the story of slavery and of the cry of the people of Israel
o God has chosen and prepared Moses for His purposes
o God, in a display of His Sovereign will, hardens the heart of the Pharaoh
o Revelation begins with God’s display to Pharaoh of His authority over elements,
microbes, bugs, frogs, weather, and light and death
o Salvation is only possible through blood (Passover), and power (the Red Sea
o Redemption is possible only by the act of obedient faith
 Israel is called to give evidence of belief by their individual act of staining
their doorways with the blood of lambs.
 Salvation was freely offered to all of Israel; but only the individuals who
obeyed were saved from the angel of death
Revelation: Salvation to Sanctification
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Chapters 19 through 40 tells the story of a redeemed people who must be set apart
to walk with God
At Mt. Sinai Moses receives God’s moral, civil, and ceremonial laws; and the pattern
for the tabernacle
God was ready to destroy a disobedient, idol-worshipping, Israel
 Ex. 32:11-14 Moses interceded for Israel (like Jesus)
 Ex. 32:15-29 Moses disciplined Israel (like Jesus)
 Ex. 32:30-33 Moses atoned for Israel (like Jesus)
Exodus: The Covenant & the Priesthood
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Exodus 19:5 The Covenant
o 'Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you
shall be a special treasure to Me above all people; for all the earth is Mine.
o The Covenant is ratified through blood; Exodus 24:1-8
Exodus 19:6 A Kingdom of Priests
o And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.' These are the words
which you shall speak to the children of Israel."
Exodus 8:31 The “ordination” of Levitical priesthood
o Moses is born of a man and his wife from the house of Levi; Aaron, Moses’ brother,
and the sons of Aaron are consecrated as the priesthood of the nation of Israel.
Leviticus: it pertains to the Levites, and their role in a kingdom of priests
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The Book: Book is a focus upon the worship and walk of the nation of God
o The Hebrew title for this book is “And He Called”; the Talmud calls it “The Law of the
Priests” and “The Law of the Offerings”
The Time: 1445 BC
o Leviticus picks up the story in the first month of the second year from the point of the
completion of the Tabernacle at the foot of Mt. Sinai
Attributes of Christ are revealed in Leviticus in “offerings”.
o Names of Offerings sometimes confusing: The names of some of the offerings can be
confusing because of the different English renderings in translation. For example, the
grain or meal offering is sometimes referred to as the meat offering. This comes from
the King James Version of the Bible and is somewhat a misnomer as no meat is offered,
in fact this is the offering of the five in which the flesh of an animal is not offered. The
reason for using the word meat was that in the days of King James, a person would not
be asked out for a meal, he would be asked to meat. Luther renders the term as food
offering.
o Basic sacrificial system of offerings: The burnt, grain, peace, sin, and guilt offering
composed the basic sacrificial system of Israel. These sacrifices were commonly used in
conjunction with each other and were carried out on both an individual and a corporate
basis. The sacrificial system taught the necessity of dealing with sin and, at the same
time, demonstrated that God had provided a way for dealing with sin.
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Numbers 28-29 A burnt offering represents Christ’s submission to His Father’s
Law typifying the most perfect surrender of human will to God's is that of Jesus
in the temptation, and agony, and on Calvary (Heb. 5:8)
 The Hebrew word for “burnt offering” actually means to ascend, literally
to “go up in smoke.” The burnt offering was the complete destruction of
the animal (except for the hide) in an effort to renew the relationship
between the Holy God and sinful man
o Interesting “coincidence” that the hide is not destroyed with
the rest of the animal: Cp. Genesis 3:21 “…God made for them
tunics of skin..”
 Leviticus 2:13 A meal offering typifying Christ’s sinless service
 As the “meal” offering precedes every “burnt” offering, the meal
offering speaks to the fact that UNLESS every step of Christ’s pathway
perfect in His subject, dependent, obedient Manhood, He never could
have met the REQUIREMENT of God’s LAW of being the perfect,
flawless, unblemished sacrifice that covered the sins of men.
 Leviticus 7:28-36 A peace offering reflects the peace with God that is possible
because of God’s having offered to us His peace offering who is Jesus Christ:
 A peace offering is made to an adversary in the interests of peace or
reconciliation. Christ is the reflection of God’s offering to us (the
adversaries of God) in the interests of the offer of peace and
reconciliation.
 Leviticus 4-6:13 A sin offering reflects Jesus, the guilt-bearer, I.e. scapegoat
 There is in this offering the picture of removing from ourselves and
taking upon Himself the load (burden) of guilt.
 Leviticus 5:14-6:7 The trespass offering reflects Christ’s payment (atonement)
for the damages of our sin
Feasts and Festivals: Listed here are just seven and how they reflect attributes of Jesus
Christ:
 Passover feast speaks the substitutionary death of the Lamb of God (go back to
Gen. 3:21; and forward to the Cross)
 Unleavened bread- unleavened meant without yeast where yeast represents
sin- and speaks to the holy walk of Christ to which believers are called (1 Cor.
5:6-8)
 Pentecost also called the “harvest festival” or “feast of firstfruits” speaks to the
resurrection of Christ (1 Cor. 15:20-23). Jesus’ resurrection occurred on the day
of the Firstfruits; and speaks to the descent of the Holy Spirit after Christ’s
ascension
 Trumpets (aka Rosh Hashanah), Day of Atonement, and Tabernacles (aka
Ingathering or Booths) speak to events of the Second coming of Jesus Christ to
reign as king.
Numbers: it is the book of wanderings. It tells a story of an inheritance
promised…and of a disinherited generation.
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The Book: The book of Numbers is a historical extension of the book of Exodus
 Takes its name from there having been 2 numberings or “censuses” of the
nation of Israel:
 At the Wilderness of Sinai Nu. 1:1-54
 At the plains of Moab Nu. 26:1-51
The Time of Numbers: covers almost 40 years (1444 BC – 1405 BC)
 This book actually opens AFTER Leviticus at the beginning of the second month
after the completion of the Tabernacle.
The Message: Its message is that, while it is sometimes necessary to pass through
wilderness experiences, one does not have to live there.
The Attributes of Christ in Numbers
 Nu 21:4-9; John 3:14 Crucifixion: Serpent on a pole with serpent representing
sin
 Nu 20:8; 1 Cor. 10:4; Matt. 16:18 The thirst-quenching Rock and the rock (upon
which) I will build My church…
The Focus: Illustrates 2 sides of God: the kindness and the severity of God
 (Romans 11:22 NKJV) “Therefore consider the goodness and severity of God: on
those who fell, severity; but toward you, goodness, if you continue in His
goodness. Otherwise you also will be cut off…”
 Reveals God’s attributes through 2 generations; 2 numberings; 2 journyings; 2
sets of instructions (laws)
 The Old Generation (Nu 1:1 – 10:10)
 This was the generation that witnessed the miraculous acts of God’s
deliverance; How does this compare with the experience of the first
followers of Jesus? Did they not also see miraculous acts?
 God gave very explicit instructions reaching every aspect of their lives
How does this compare with the writings and letters of the New
Testament? Were there not conveyed instructions for holy living?
 The people are organized around the tabernacle How does this
compare with the things we learn about the “organism” of the Church
in the New Testament? Are we not also “organized” as the Church?
 A Tragic Transition (Nu 10:11 – 25:18)
 The people follow God step by step until the Promised Land is in sight
How does this 21st century generation- the one that sees the signs of
our Coming King- appear like those in the wilderness who began to
turn aside?
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There is a sudden turning back into disbelief; people begin incessant
complaining against God How does this 21st century generation appear
in comparison? Is there a great turning away?
 Disbelief results in outright rebellion against God at Kadesh after the
report of the 12 spies How does this generation appear in comparison?
Is there not outright rebellion against the law of God- particularly
within the American version of “church”?
 Unbelief and rebellion hinders God’s blessing and brings severe
discipline: Why should our generation presume anything less? Do we
think that “grace” belongs only to the 21st century and that God’s
grace was not the same then than it is now?
o Entrance into the Promised Land is delayed 40 years.
o Moses is denied entrance into the Promised Land, although he
is received into the eternal “Promised Land” with Christ (Matt.
17:3) Does this generation presume in peril that God would
treat this generation differently than He treated the rebellious
of the “wanderers”?
o Nu 14:22, 23 “…nor shall any of those who rejected Me see (the
promise)…” This generation is doomed with disinheritance and
death! Does this generation no longer subscribe to the
immutability of God, the principle that God does not change?
Is God not the same today as He was a thousand years ago?
o Nu 20:12 An entire generation was disinherited. And Moses was
“Left Behind”: “…you shall not bring this congregation into the
land which I have given them…” Think about this: EVERY SINGLE
ONE of these were people of God; every single one of these
experienced the miraculous saving power of God; every single
one was “saved”. DO YOU NOT THINK THAT GOD WOULD
LEAVE BEHIND A GENERATION OF DISBELIEVING, DISOBEDIENT
PEOPLE OF GOD FROM ENTERING THE PROMISED LAND TO
COME? Think about this: every single one was given the
promise of an inheritance; the promised inheritance was
sealed since given to Abraham. BUT, which ones actually made
it into the Promised Land? Was it every one, because God
promised? Or was it ONLY the ones who remained faithful and
believed in the end?
The New Generation (Nu 26 – 36)
 The new generation is “purified” by the “wilderness experience” WHAT
DO YOU THINK? Do you think that the 21st century American
congregation is “fit” for the Promised Land as it exists today? Or do
you think that we have entered into a period of “wilderness” in which
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God disinherits the rebellious from the flock? Might this be the
“wilderness-generation’ in which Christians all over the world are
purified by persecution while the American “congregation” that has
worshipped the golden calf of prosperity is “Left Behind” as Moses was
left behind?
Joshua becomes the successor of Moses
The conquer and settlement of the Promised Land begins
Deuteronomy: it pertains to the people (layman) rather than to the
priests;
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Book written to the new generation that survived the wilderness “judgment”; and
it conveys the “Second Law”:
 the first being the “oral” law which Moses brought down from Mt. Sinai;
 the second being the written law that was the adaptation and expansion of the
oral law, expanded to instruction and guide Israel:
 socially and civilly;
 in a system of justice, in criminal law, in laws of warfare, in rules of
property, in personal and family morality, and in social justice- i.e.
lending, borrowing, treatment of slaves, etc.
Keys to Deuteronomy
 Covenant Renewal: The primary theme of the book is the renewal of the
covenant that had been established at Mt. Sinai and now enlarged and ratified
on the plains of Moab. Deuteronomy 27
 Fear the Lord: Deuteronomy 10:12 – 13
The Christ of Deuteronomy
 Foretelling Christ: "The LORD your God will raise up for you a Prophet like me
from your midst, from your brethren. Him you shall hear, (Deuteronomy 18:15
NKJV)
 Moses typifies Jesus in many ways:
o Filled 3 offices: Except for Jesus, Moses is the ONLY Biblical
figure to fill the 3 offices of
o “prophet” (Deut. 34:10-12),
o “priest” (Ex. 32:31-35), and
o “king” by virtue of his function as ruler of Israel (Deut. 33:4-5)
 Like Jesus, Moses was:
o in danger of death during childhood
o a savior
o an intercessor
o rejected by his brethren
 Of Moses it is written: But since then there has not arisen in Israel a prophet like
Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, in all the signs and wonders which
the LORD sent him to do in the land of Egypt, before Pharaoh, before all his
servants, and in all his land, and by all that mighty power and all the great terror
which Moses performed in the sight of all Israel. (Deuteronomy 34:10-12 NKJV)