Chapter 2: Study
Guide
Have fun studying!
Atoms rearrange to form matter with
different properties.
Give an example of how
elements can be separated
during a chemical reaction.
Some examples (You’ll need to be able to explain ONE.)
● Separating iron from iron ore: When iron ore is heated with carbon, the
product is pure iron and carbon dioxide.
● Separating a fossil from limestone: Limestone can be broken down by
adding vinegar and the fossil will be left unchanged.
● Separating lead from a solution: Lead can be removed from a solution that
contains water and a compound of iodine. When mixed, lead iodide is
formed and can be filtered from the liquid to remove the lead from the
solution.
Evidence of a chemical change
might include the formation of...
● gas
● new solid (like when two solutions mix
and form a precipitate)
What does the word “product”
mean in a chemical reation?
A product is something made during a
chemical reaction
Give two examples of products
made during a chemical reaction.
Here are some examples you might choose, but there are
more:
● Rust is formed when oxygen and iron react together.
● Hydrogen and oxygen react to form hydrogen peroxide.
● Magnesium and oxygen combine to form magnesium
oxide.
What happens to matter that has
gone through only a physical
change?
In a physical change, matter can change
state, shape, size, etc...but it keeps the
same chemical properties.
What are some examples of
physical changes?
These are some examples, but there are
more:
● Copper can be hammered into sheets.
● Paper can be torn into small pieces.
● Potatoes can be cut or shredded.
● Hair can be cut.
Do the particles in a solid, liquid,
or gas have the most energy?
Which has the least?
● Particles in a gas have the most amount of
energy. Particles in a solid have the least
amount of energy.
● The order from least amount of energy to
most amount of energy would be:
solid → liquid → gas
Explain what a chemical change is.
A chemical change occurs when one type of
matter changes into a different type of
matter with different properties.
Give an example of matter that has
gone through a chemical change.
There are many examples, but here are a few:
● When wood is burned, the burning wood combines with
oxygen and changes into ash and gas.
● Cooking a potato changes the chemical properties,
therefore, this is evidence of a chemical change.
● A burning candle wick would be another example.
Melting was is a physical change because it is only
changing the state of matter, but burning a candle
would be an example of a chemical change.
List the properties of solids,
liquids, and gases.
● solids- particles have a definite shape and volume;
particles vibrate in place
● liquids- no definite shape (takes shape of the
container), but has a definite volume. Particles
move more rapidly.
● gases- no definite shape or volume. Particles are
far apart, rapic movement, spread out evenly in
container.
Which of the following can only be
separated by a chemical process:
mixture, solution, matter, or
compound?
compound
What do scientists use to identify
acids and bases?
indicator paper
What can be said for the mass of
reactants versus the mass of products
in a chemical reaction? (Law of
Conservation of Mass)
The mass of the reactants is equal to the
mass of the product.
At what temperature does a
liquid turn into a solid?
Freezing Point
What is condensation?
Give one example.
Condensation occurs when gas turns into a liquid. Some
examples include:
● Dew forms on grass during the night.
● Clouds form in the atmoshpere.
● Water droplets form on the outside of a glass of ice cold
water.
Explain what a combination
reaction is and give an example.
A combination reaction happens with
elements or compounds come together to
form new compounds.
Ex: Mg + O → MgO
Explain what a decomposition
reaction is and give an example.
A decomposition reaction is when
compounds split apart to form smaller
compounds.
Ex: 2H2O → H2 + H2 + O2
Explain what a replacement
reaction is and give an example.
A replacement reaction is when compounds
split apart and rearrange to join other
elements in the compound.
Ex: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
What is the difference between a
reactant and a product?
● A reactant is a substance used in a chemical
reaction.It is always found on the left side of
the equation.
● A product is what is made during a chemical
reaction and is always on the right side of
the equation.