DNA Rep & Protein Syn 1928 – Griffith Transformation Experiment 1941-Avery, McCarty, MacLeod 1952-Hershey & Chase 1952-Rosalind Franklin 1953-Watson & Crick Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes DNA Structure Deoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix Made of nucleotides Pentose Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate Nitrogenous Base A-T / C-G Nucleotide Nitrogenous Bases Base Pairing DNA is AntiParallel DNA is still AntiParallel How? Possible Models for DNA Replication Step 1 Step 2 DNA Replication Animation http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=swf::535 ::535::/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120076/micr o04.swf::DNA%20Replication%20Fork Think About It If your DNA has 6 billion base pairs and generally there is one mistake made for every 100,000bp that are copied during replication, how many errors should result each time you copied your DNA? How many errors result in reality? Why? Protein Synthesis Overview RNA Structure Ribonucleic Acid Single Strand of nucleotides Pentose Sugar (ribose) Phosphate Nitrogenous Base A-U / C-G RNA Nucleotide 3 Types of RNA mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Protein Synthesis Step 1 – Transcription Step 2 – Translation Transcription Definition TATA Box RNA Polymerase DNA Terminator 5’ Cap Poly – A Tail TATA Box Transcription Animation http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/cha pter3/animation__mrna_synthesis__transcripti on___quiz_2_.html mRNA Processing http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter 16/animation_-_exon_shuffling.html Translation Definition mRNA Codons thedogbitthecatforfun the dog bit the cat for fun aug uuu cgc ggg cua aga uaa tRNA Ribosome Codons Codons Translation Animation http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animat ion__how_translation_works.html Protein Folding Protein Processing http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter2/animat ion__protein_denaturation.html Gene Regulation Repressible Operon – trp Operon Inducible Operon – lac Operon trp Operon lac Operon cAMP & lac Operon lac Operon Animation http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/007337797x/student_view0/chapter13/anim ation_quiz__combination_of_switches__the_lac_operon.html