The Endocrine System
Name:
VIDEO: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
1.
What do the glands of the endocrine system produce?
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2.
What structures are NOT present in endocrine glands?
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3.
How do hormones reach their target cells?
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4.
Complete the following table, by identifying hormones mentioned in the video.
EXAMPLE OF
HORMONE
5.
ENDOCRINE GLAND
THAT SECRETES
HORMONE
ONE EFFECT OF
HORMONE
Why is the pituitary gland often referred to as the ‘master gland’?
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6.
What role does the pituitary gland play in regulating growth?
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7.
What is one process that the thyroid gland controls
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8.
(A)
Describe how blood glucose levels are maintained by the endocrine system.
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(B)
Which gland and hormone/s are responsible?
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9.
What is homeostasis?
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10.
Identify some examples of stimuli that might result in the release of adrenalin.
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11.
Describe some changes to the body that occur as a result of the release of adrenalin.
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12.
(A)
Which glands play a major role in our sexual development?
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(B)
Describe their role.
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Endocrine vs nervous Systems
Complete the table with the main differences between the endocrine and the nervous systems
in the human body.
CHARACTERISTIC
NERVOUS
ENDOCRINE
Method of
transmission
Speed of travel
Speed of response
Duration of response
Area of response
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- Slow Control
The nervous system works with the endocrine
system to control and coordinate the body’s
processes.
There are eight (8) endocrine glands in the
human body.
The endocrine system is a system that consists of
ductless glands.
released
carry
cells) of the
The glands of the endocrine system use
hormones (chemical messengers) to
communicate. The hormones are
directly into the blood stream and
information to specific regions (target
body.
The pituitary gland, found at the base
of the brain controls the endocrine glands, which in turn control the
release of hormones. It is called the master gland because its
secretions determine the secretion of hormones by other endocrine
glands.
1.
Define the terms ‘hormone’ and ‘endocrine gland’.
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2.
Describe how hormones travel throughout the body.
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3.
Explain why adrenaline is referred to as the ‘fight or flight’ hormone.
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4.
Compare the role of glucagon and insulin in the regulation of blood sugar levels.
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5.
Construct a three-column table with the headings ‘Name of endocrine gland’, ‘Name of hormone’ and
‘Action of hormone’. Include all of the endocrine glands labelled in the diagram.
6.
Define the term ‘negative feedback’ and provide an example.
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7.
Explain why the pituitary gland is sometimes referred to as the master gland.
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8.
The thyroid gland releases a hormone that increases metabolic rate. Suggest what the symptoms of an
underactive thyroid gland might involve.
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9.
Long periods of continued stress can increase the chance of heart disease. Use your knowledge of
adrenalin and its effect on the body to account for this.
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10. Explain how the control of body temperature can be described as a negative feedback reaction.
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ACTIVITY: HUNTING FOR HORMONES
1.
Use secondary resources (internet or books) to draw lines connecting each hormone
with the organ which produces it and with one of its effects on the body. The first one
is done for you.
ORGAN
HORMONE
FUNCTION
Posterior pituitary

 Insulin

 Decreases immune response
Pancreas

 Cortisone

 Decreases blood glucose level
Adrenal cortex

 Oxytocin

 Stimulates uterine contractions
Anterior pituitary

 Thyroxine

 Stimulates production of
digestive enzyme
Corpus luteum

 Adrenaline

 Stimulates milk and secretion
Thyroid

 Prolactin

Adrenal medulla

 Progesterone

 Speeds up growth and
metabolism
 Develop female sexual
characteristics
Stomach

 Gastrin

 Maintenance of pregnancy
Parathyroid

 Oestrogen

 Increases heart rate
Testes

 Parathormone

Ovary

 Androgens
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 Develop male sexual
characteristics
 Stimulates calcium release
2.
Label the diagram below using the
following words.
pancreas,
thyroid gland,
adrenal
glands,
ovaries,
testes,
pituitary gland
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DIABETES & OTHER NON- INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Alcoholism
exercise
Arthritis
life-style
changes
colour
Depression
liver Obesity
pathogen
Skin
Diabetes diseases
smoking
A non-infectious disease is one that is not caused by a ________________. There are
seven categories of non-infectious _____________________.
Some non-infectious diseases are also referred to as ‘_____________’ diseases. These
are diseases which are caused by decisions people make in the way they live their lives (eg
sclerosis of the _______________caused by drinking excessive alcohol, lung cancer
by__________________, obesity which may be due to poor diet or lack of
_________________. These diseases can often be avoided by ________________ in
lifestyle.
TYPE OF NON
DESCRIPTION
EXAMPLE
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Nutritional
Overeating, under eating, or not
eating a balanced diet
_____________, heart disease,
malnutrition, scurvy and anaemia
Ageing
The gradual breakdown of body
tissues and conditions
______________, osteoporosis,
heart disease and nerve disorders
Cancer
Multiplication of body cells at an
abnormal rate
_____________ cancer
Inherited
Mental
Environmental disorders
Chemical (metabolic)
Diseases that are passed on from
generation to generation
Disorders with a variety of causes,
such as chemical deficiencies in the
body, stress and trauma
Diseases resulting from exposure to
dangerous poisons, asbestos, fire,
motor accidents and drugs such as
alcohol
Chemical deficiencies in the body
Haemophilia and ___________
blindness
________________,
schizophrenia and anxiety
____________________
______________________
Diabetes is an example of chemical disease. It prevents the proper control of the amount of glucose
circulating in the bloodstream. Glucose, a type of sugar, provides the energy necessary for the body to
work. A special chemical
messenger called insulin
ensures that the amount of
glucose in the bloodstream
can be quickly regulated.
Some diabetics are unable
to produce enough insulin.
Most, however produce
enough but their bodies are
unable to use it properly.
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RESEARCH ACTIVITY: DIABETES
Your Task:
You are to prepare a pamphlet, brochure or a fact
sheet to inform others about diabetes. You will
need to consider what information you will
include to inform people about the effects of
diabetes and its prevention. Use the following
website to help you:

www.diabetesaustralia.com.au
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WORKSHEET: DIABETES
1.
The graph below shows the amount of glucose in blood over a 24 – hour period.
(A)
What do you think caused the peaks in the graph?
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(B)
(i)
At what times during the 24 hours did the amount of insulin being
released from the pancreas increase?
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(ii)
Suggest what caused this increase.
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(iii)
What was the effect of the increase in insulin in the blood?
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(C)
Suggest why the level of blood glucose decreases slightly during sleep.
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2.
Read the following text.
After a meal, the level of glucose in the bloodstream increases. This stimulates certain cells (the islets of
Langerhans) in the pancreas to secrete insulin, which causes fat tissue to convert glucose to fat, and both the
liver and muscles of the skeleton to produce glycogen from glucose. Some skeletal muscles can also remove
glucose itself. All these events reduce the level of glucose in the bloodstream.
a) The information can be
summarised in diagrammatic form.
Complete the diagram by inserting
the following words or phrases into
the appropriate place.
 Muscles of the skeleton
 Fat tissue
 Increased blood glucose level
 Secretion of insulin
 Liver
b) A different process occurs after a long period without food, such as fasting. This is shown
in the diagram on the right.
Use this diagram to write a series of cause and effect statements. Record your statements in
the table below. The first ONE has been done for you.
CAUSE
Person fasts for many hours
EFFECT
Blood glucose level
drops
Adrenal medulla detects low
blood glucose
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3.
The graph below shows the regulation of glucose concentration in the bloodstream. The
hormone insulin acts to reduce the concentration of glucose in the blood; the hormone
glucagon acts to increase the glucose level. Through the combined action of these two
hormones, the blood glucose level is controlled within strict limits.
Match the letters in the graph with the following labels.
I
effect of insulin on concentration of blood glucose
II
digestion and absorption of food nutrients alters the
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glucose concentration in the blood
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III
effect of glucagon on concentration of blood glucose
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IV
signal for the secretion of insulin
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V
signal for the secretion of glucagon
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