APPLIED BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Chapter 1: The Study of Life
1.
What is a heterotroph?
2.
What is an autotroph?
3.
What is biology?
4.
What are the characteristics of life? pp. 13-15
5.
What is the relationship between response, behavior and a stimulus?
6.
In what ways are organisms organized?
7.
Describe what an adaptation would be…
8.
Know the themes of biology: energy, systems and interactions, unity within diversity, homeostasis, and evolution.
9.
Know the microscope well…especially the magnification aspect.
Scientific Methods in Biology
1. Know the microscope and its parts well. Be able to describe the parts and their functions.
2. Be able to explain the scientific methods used in biology: observation, hypothesis, inductive,
deductive reasoning, experiment, controlled experiment, results.
3. Science and society. Can science answer all the problems of the world? Why/why not?
Chapters 2 & 3: Principles of Ecology/Community Distribution
1. Define the following terms: ecology community heterotroph biosphere biotic factor abiotic factor population ecosystem niche habitat autotroph
2. What are limiting factors? scavenger decomposer symbiosis commensalism mutualism parasitism food chain trophic level
food web
3. Explain succession.
4. What is primary succession?
5. Describe climax community.
6. Identify and describe the six major biomes found on our planet.
7. Describe the difference between photic and aphotic zones.
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Chapters 4 & 5: Population Biology/Wise Use of Our Resources
1. What is demography?
2. Define age structure.
3. What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
4. What are some of the problems resulting from immigration and emigration, especially for local populations?
5. What is a natural resource?
6. What is a fossil fuel?
7. What is a renewable resource?
8. What do we mean when we say that a species is extinct? What are some things we can do to help prevent extinction?
9. Define: threatened species and endangered species.
10. Define pollution.
11. What are two major source of air pollution?
12. What is biodegradable? Are all recyclable substances biodegradable?
Chapter 6: The Chemistry of Life
1. Know these terms: atom, nucleus, isotope, mixture, solution, and compound.
2. What is an element?
3. What is the periodic table?
4. Describe the structure of an atom.
5. What is bonding? What are hydrogen, covalent and ionic bonds?
6. What are an acid and a base?
7. What is the pH scale?
Chapters 7 & 8: A View of the Cell/Homeostasis & the Plasma Membrane
Cell wall Golgi Apparatus Ribosome
Cytoplasm Nucleus Permeable
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope
Solute
Semi-permeable
Fluid Mosaic Model
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Homeostasis
Contractile Vacuole
Passive Transport
Concentration gradient
Osmosis
Equilibrium
Hypotonic
Solvent
Osmosis
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Plasmolysis
Cytolysis
Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion
Turgor Pressure
Carrier Proteins
Ion Channels
Active Transport
Sodium-potassium Pump
1.
Know the above terms well, including the parts of the cell.
2.
What are considered to be wastes excreted by cells?
3.
Development of light microscopes. Why was this necessary for cell research?
4.
Robert Hooke – cork cells
5.
Cell theory
6.
prokaryote and eukaryote – 2 basic cell types – examples of each type.
7.
electron microscopes – how, when, why they are used
8.
What is the plasma membrane?
9.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
10.
What is semi-permeable?
11.
What is diffusion?
12.
What is osmosis?
13.
Define: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
14.
Active transport/passive transport.
15.
Know the cell cycle and all the phases of mitosis.
16.
Understand cell size limitations.
17.
The busiest time of the cell cycle – Interphase.
18.
Normal control of the cell cycle
19.
Cancer – a mistake in the cell cycle
Chapter 9: Energy in a Cell
1. What is ATP, and how does it differ from ADP?
2.
What are aerobic and anaerobic processes?
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3.
What is ATP actually used for?
4.
What is photosynthesis? How does it differ from chemosynthesis?
5.
What are the light reactions?
Chapter 10: Mendel & Meiosis
1. Gregor Mendel
2.
Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses
3.
Diploid and haploid – define.
4.
Genotype and phenotype – define.
5.
Punnett Squares
6.
Homozygous and heterozygous – define.
7.
Dominant and recessive traits – what are they?
8.
What are homologous chromosomes?
9.
What is a zygote?
10.
Understand the complete cycle of meiosis and how it differs from mitosis.
11.
Eggs and sperm
12.
What is genetic variation, and why is it important?
Chapter 11: DNA and Genes
1.
What is heredity?
2.
What is the structure of a molecule of DNA?
3.
What is the function of DNA?
4.
What is replication?
5.
Nitrogen base
6.
Nucleotides
7.
Amino acids
8.
The making of proteins…
9.
Why are proteins important?
10.
Codon and anti-codon
11.
RNA – messenger, transfer, and ribosomal
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12.
Transcription and translation
13.
Mutations – a change in the DNA
14.
Know the following terms: a.
Point mutation b.
Frameshift mutation c.
Chromosomal mutation
Chapter 12: Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics
1.
Know the following terms: a.
Autosome b.
Carrier c.
Codominant alleles d.
Hybrid e.
Inbreeding f.
Incomplete dominance
Chapter 13: Genetic Technology
1.
Huntington’s disease
2.
Cystic fibrosis
3.
Sickle-cell anemia
4.
Tay-Sachs disease
5.
Phenylketonuria
6.
Multiple alleles
7.
Importance of blood typing
8.
Polygenic inheritance – skin color as an example
9.
Sex-linked traits – examples
10.
Hemophilia – an X-linked disorder
11.
What is the Human Genome Project? d.
Nondisjunction e.
Trisomy f.
Monosomy g.
Multiple alleles h.
Pedigree i.
Polygenic inheritance j.
Sex chromosome k.
Sex-linked trait l.
testcross
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Chapter 14: The History of Life
1.
Francesco Redi
2.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
3.
Louis Pasteur
4.
Radioactive dating
5.
Isotopes
6.
Radioactive decay and half life
7.
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
Chapter 15: The Theory of Evolution
1.
Natural Selection and the Evidence for Evolution (Darwin)
2.
Mechanisms of Evolution
Chapter 17: Classification
Review all vocabulary for this section.
King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
Fossil Record
6-Kingdom Classification System
3 Domain System
Chapters 18-20, 25-30, 33: Diversity of Life/Animal Characteristics
1.
Have a general understanding of the differences between viruses, bacteria, protists and fungi.
2.
Invertebrates and vertebrates.
3.
Know the difference between bilateral and radial symmetry.
4.
General animal characteristics
5.
General animal behaviors
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