Chapter 18
Classification
Order From Chaos
•When you need a new pair of shoes, what do you do?
•You probably walk confidently into a shoe store, past
the tens or hundreds of pairs of shoes you don’t want
and straight to the kind you do want. How do you find
them?
•Shoes are organized in the store in categories. People
organize objects by grouping similar objects together.
18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
Objective
• Explain how living things are organized for study
• Describe binomial nomenclature
• Explain Linnaeus’s system of classification
18-1 Homework
Define each vocabulary word in at least one
complete sentence.
Write out all key concepts.
18–1 Finding Order in Diversity
A. Why Classify?
B. Assigning Scientific Names
C. Linnaeus’s System of Classification
A. Why Classify?
–
– taxonomy –
B. Assigning Scientific Names
1. Early Efforts at Naming Organisms
2. Binomial Nomenclature
• each species is assigned a two-part scientific
name
C. Linnaeus’s System of Classification
species -genus -family -order -class -phylum -kingdom -- 2 plants and animals
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Figure 18-5 Classification of Ursus arctos
Grizzly bear Black bear
Giant
panda
Red fox
Coral Sea star
Abert
squirrel snake
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
18-1 Homework
All 5 questions on page 450 in at least 3 complete
sentences.
18–3 Kingdoms and Domains
Objective
•
Name the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified
•
Describe the three-domain system of classification.
18–3 Homework
•
Define each vocabulary word in at least one complete
sentence.
•
Write out all key concepts.
18–3 Kingdoms and Domains
A.
The Tree of Life Evolves
B.
The Three-Domain System
C.
Domain Bacteria
D.
Domain Archaea
E.
Domain Eukarya
A. The Tree of Life Evolves
simple view of life
2 kingdoms not sufficient to classify all organism
6 kingdom system of classification
B.
The Three-Domain System
C.
Domain Bacteria
unicellular and prokaryotic
D.
Domain Archaea
unicellular and prokaryotic
E.
Domain Eukarya
all organisms containing true nucleus
Protista-
Fungi –
Plantae –
Animal -
Concept Map
Living
Things
are characterized by
Eukaryotic
cells
and differing
Important
characteristics
which place them in
Cell wall
structures
such as
Domain
Eukarya
Prokaryotic cells
which is subdivided into
which place them in
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
which coincides with
which coincides with
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Animalia
Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
CELL TYPE
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Cell walls of
cellulose in
some; some
have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of
chitin
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
No cell walls
or chloroplasts
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some
multicellular
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
Methanogens,
halophiles
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime molds,
giant kelp
Mushrooms,
yeasts
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects, fishes,
mammals
CELL
STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Figure 18-13 Cladogram of Six
Kingdoms and Three Domains
DOMAIN
ARCHAEA
DOMAIN
EUKARYA
Kingdoms
DOMAIN
BACTERIA
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Homework 18-3
Answer all 5 questions on page 461 in at least 3 complete
sentences.
Homework Chapter 18 assessment questions page 465:
Multiple choice questions:
# 1-5, 6-10
Understanding concepts:
# 21-25, 27-28
Each in at least 3 complete sentences.