Dates
Amendments
1800’s
Cold War
WWII
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
Next Round
The year that Reconstruction
ended
1877
The year the USS Maine sank
in Havana harbor
The year the SpanishAmerican War began
Also considered to be the year
that America became
imperialist
1898
WWI
1914 – 1918
The US entered the war in
1917
The year that the stock market
crashed (referred to as Black
Tuesday)
Considered the beginning of
the Great Depression
1929
The launching of the world’s
first satellite, Sputnik, by the
USSR and the start of the
Space Race
1957
This amendment established
the income tax
16th
This amendment gave women
the right to vote
19th
This lowered the voting age
to 18 years old
26th
This amendment gave us the
direct election of senators by
the people
17th
This amendment prohibited
the poll tax for national
elections
24th
Immigration during the latter
1800’s was mainly from these
two world regions
Southern Europe and Russia
(Jews)
The Dawes Act of 1887 had this
impact on Native-Americans
The Dawes Act was
intended to make Indians
into farmers but instead
helped destroy Indian
culture
His theories on the relationship
between sea power and world
commerce influenced foreign
policy development
Alfred Thayer Mahan
During the latter 1800’s,
industrialists who gained
great wealth through
corruption and unfair
business practices
Robber Barons
A political movement of the
late 1800’s representing
mainly farmers and which
favored free coinage of silver
and government control of
railroads and industry
Populism
The fear of communism in the
1950’s was inflamed even
more due to his senate
investigations of communist
influence in government and
entertainment
Senator Joe McCarthy
(McCarthyism)
The Cold War became hot when
this war broke out in 1950
The war ended in 1953 with a
cease-fire that is still in effect
Korean War
When the French were
defeated in 1954, the US
continued the fight against
the expansion of
communism here in a war
that lasted well over a
decade
Vietnam
He not only authorized the use
of atomic bombs against
Japan, he also established the
doctrine of containment
against communism
President Harry
Truman
This 1964 law allowed President
Johnson to vastly increase troop
strength in Vietnam
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
WWII for the United States
began for this reason
Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor
December 7th, 1941
The US was able to supply
Great Britain and, later,
Russia, with war materiel
due to this 1941 law passed
by Congress
Lend-Lease Act
The strategy used by the US
against the Japanese in the
Pacific
Island-Hopping
This battle is considered
the turning point for the US
and its Allies in Europe
D-Day
The invasion of Normandy,
France
June 6, 1944
The victory attained by
the US here is
considered the turning
point in the war in the
Pacific
Battle of Midway
Eras
Court
Cases
Politics
WWI
People
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
This era directly followed the
Civil War
Reconstruction
This era was one of heightened
tensions between the US and the
communist states of the USSR
and China
The Cold War
This era saw the reform of
government, business, labor,
and American society
The Progressive Era
This era was one of
industrialization and
prosperity but also one of
greed, excess, and
exploitation
The Gilded Age
This era was marked by
widespread unemployment,
commercial failure, and the
Dust Bowl
The Great Depression
1930’s
This case established
the “separate but
equal” standard that
allowed segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
This Supreme Court case
struck down a Wisconsin law
requiring Amish children to
attend school beyond 8th
grade
Wisconsin v. Yoder
This case required the state of
Texas to come up with a new
system of school financing to
increase funding for poorer
school districts
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
In this case, the Supreme Court
ruled that manual recounts of
presidential ballots in the 2000
election could not proceed
because inconsistent standards
in different counties violated
the equal protection clause
Bush v. Gore
This 1877 case upheld the
right of a state to regulate
businesses that affect the
public interest within a
state
Munn v. Illinois
This act passed in 1973
requires the President to
inform Congress within two
days of any use of US troops
in a foreign country and to
withdraw those troops within
60 days if Congress does not
approve
War Powers Act
A break-in of the Democratic
Party headquarters here by
operatives working for the
Nixon administration resulted
in a scandal and the eventual
resignation of President
Richard Nixon
Watergate
The principle of government
where power is shared within
a union between a national
and state governments
Federalism
A concept whereby one
nation exercises political
and/or economic control over
a weaker or smaller nation
Imperialism
The Democratic political
machine that controlled New
York City during the Gilded
Age. Its most infamous
political boss was Boss
Tweed
Tammany Hall
This treaty ended WWI
Treaty of Versailles
One of the reasons for the
US entering WWI was
Germany’s use of this
Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare
President Wilson wanted to
negotiate the end of WWI
based on his peace plan
known as this
The Fourteen Points
Besides unrestricted
submarine warfare, these
were two other reasons the
US entered the war
Monetary and materiel
support for the Allies
Zimmerman Telegram
He was commander of the
American Expeditionary
Force (AEF) in France during
WWI
General Pershing
He changed America forever
by mass producing and mass
marketing the automobile
Henry Ford
He commanded all Allied forces
in Europe during WWII and later
served as president from 1952 1960
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He believed that black
intellectual elites should lead
the push for civil rights. He also
helped found the NAACP
(National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People)
W. E. B. DuBois
A leader of unionization and
labor unions, he was jailed
several times. He was also the
Socialist candidate for
President in several elections
Eugene V. Debs
Amassing great wealth as
owner of US Steel, he later
used his wealth building
libraries and aiding other
cultural endeavors
Andrew Carnegie
Civil
Rights
Court
Cases
Amendments
Mix
People
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
He was an African-American
Methodist preacher and a leader
of the Civil Rights Movement who
advocated the use of passive
resistance
Martin Luther King, JR
These mostly Southern laws
or statutes enforced
segregation and restricted
the rights of blacks
Jim Crow Laws
An African-American
leader and educator, he
believed blacks should
gain an education and
raise themselves up rather
than fight for civil rights
Booker T. Washington
This landmark law made it
illegal to discriminate based
on race, sex, and religion
and gave the government
powers to enforce all civil
rights laws including
desegregation
The Civil Rights
Act of 1964
This 1954 Supreme Court
case outlawed segregation
in public schools
Brown v. Board of Education
In 1944, Korematsu v.
The United States
upheld this
The constitutionality of detaining
Japanese-Americans in camps
during WWII
Authorized by Executive Order 9066
In 1947, Mendez v.
Westminster was the first
Supreme Court case to
successfully challenge this
Segregation of children by
race/ethnicity
The 1948 Supreme Court case,
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD decided
this
Segregation of Mexican-American
children was illegal in Texas
In 1950, the Supreme Court ruled
in this case that UT law school’s
separate facility for blacks failed
to qualify as “separate but equal”
and Herman Sweatt won the right
to attend UT Law school
Sweatt v. Painter
When you are arrested and
the police advise you of
your rights they are
complying with a Supreme
Court decision in this case
Miranda v. Arizona
Factoid: After winning his case, Miranda was later stabbed in a
bar parking lot. Ironically, as he lay bleeding to death, his
assailant was handcuffed and read his “Miranda Rights”
The right to free speech,
press, assembly, petition,
and religion
1st Amendment
The right to bear arms
2nd Amendment
You cannot be required to
testify against yourself and
you cannot be tried twice for
the same crime (double
jeopardy)
5th Amendment
This banned the
transportation, sale, and
consumption of alcohol
18th Amendment
The 21st Amendment did
this
Repealed the 18th
Amendment
This pseudo-scientific* belief
argued that the human race could
be improved through breeding and
was used as an excuse for
marriage restrictions, segregation
laws, and a push to lower
immigration quotas from inferior
countries
* Pseudo means false
Eugenics
This policy argues that
government should interfere
as little as possible in
business
Laissez-Faire
This social reform movement
based on religious principles
was dedicated to the
betterment of industrial society
through the application of
charity and justice
Groups included the YMCA and the Salvation
Army
Social-Gospel Movement
The theory that if one
country fell to Communism
then others nearby would
fall as well was used to
help justify American
involvement in Vietnam
The Domino Theory
They were the dictators
of Nazi Germany, Fascist
Italy, and Communist
Russia during WWII
Hitler, Mussolini, and
Stalin
He wrote Grapes of Wrath
which told the story of a
family migrating from the
Depression-era Dust Bowl
John Steinbeck
She was the first AfricanAmerican woman to be
elected to the US
Congress and the first
woman to run for
president
Shirley Chisholm
One of the leading lawyers of
his day, he represented the
defense in the Scopes
“Monkey” Trial
Clarence Darrow
She was a leader in the
American Women’s Suffrage
Movement
Susan B. Anthony
He made history when he
flew solo non-stop from St.
Louis to Paris, France in
1927 in his plane, The Spirit
of St. Louis
Charles Lindbergh
Acronyms
WWII
The Great
Depression
Presidents
Mix
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Originally formed as an alliance to protect
Western Europe from the Soviet Union
NAFTA
North American Free Trade
Agreement
A free trade agreement between the US,
Canada, and Mexico
NASA
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
NASA was formed in response to the USSR’s
launching if the Sputnik satellite
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade
GATT was an international agreement on
trade signed in 1947. In 1995, it was replaced
by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
HUAC
House Un-American Activities
Committee
This committee held hearings on communist
influences in America beginning in 1938 and into
the 1970’s. Some government employees were
accused as communist spies and many accused
Hollywood writers, actors, and producers were
blacklisted
This American flying unit
supported the Nationalist
Chinese Army during WWII
The Flying Tigers
This group was the first
African-American fighter
squadron
Called the Red-Tails, they
earned a reputation as
skilled pilots
The Tuskegee Airmen
Wind Talkers
Navajo Indians used as code
talkers for the US Army
US radio operations in the Pacific during WWII
could not be broken as the enemy could not
understand the Navajo language
When the Philippines were
invaded and taken by the
Japanese, US and Filipino
soldiers who had surrendered
were forced to endure this brutal
march to prison camps
The Bataan Death March
Much of the cost of WWII
for America was financed
by selling these to the
American public
War Bonds
He was president when
the Great Depression
first struck in 1929
Herbert Hoover
This was Franklin Roosevelt’s
plan to end the Depression
The New Deal
Roosevelt calmed the
American public through
these radio talks
Fireside Chats
This was established to
guarantee the public’s
bank accounts in case of
bank failure
Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation
FDIC
Created by FDR to allow the
old to live in dignity, this
Second New Deal program
consumes a great deal of
today’s government budget
Social Security
He formed the Rough Riders to
fight in the Spanish-American
War
He became President upon the
assassination of President
McKinley
He created many national parks
He pushed through the Pure Food
and Drug Act
President Theodore Roosevelt
He became president upon the
death of FDR
He authorized the use of atomic
bombs on Japan
He desegregated the United
States Army
He announced a doctrine to
contain communism wherever it
may try to expand
President Harry S. Truman
He ended the Vietnam War through
his policy of negotiation and
“Vietnamization”
He visited Communist China and
began a new relationship between
it and the US
He was the only president to
resign
President Richard M. Nixon
He tried to end poverty in
America through his “Great
Society” program
He greatly increased the
numbers of US soldiers fighting
in Vietnam
He helped push through the
Civil Rights Act 1964
President Lyndon Johnson
He was youngest president to be
elected
He was the first Catholic
president
He got the Soviet Union to
remove its nuclear missiles from
Cuba
The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
He was assassinated in 1963
President John F. Kennedy
He was the segregationist, democratic
governor of Alabama during the Civil
Rights Movement
He literally barred the door against
blacks attempting to seek admission
to the University of Alabama
When he ran for president during the
1972 election an assassination attempt
left him paralyzed
George Wallace
Journalists who exposed
corruption, abuse, and
other social problems
Muckrakers
A type of journalism that is
biased, and often based on false
information and sensationalism
for the sake of attracting readers
Yellow Journalism
A preference for native-born
citizens accompanied by
hostility towards immigrants
during the 1800’s
Nativism
Written by Upton Sinclair, this
book exposed the horrible
sanitary conditions and
procedures in the meatpacking industry
The Jungle