Take Home
Message #2
Shredlage &
Forage Form
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Visualizing
the Rumen Mat
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Physically effective fiber
• Providing 5 pounds of feed particles over 0.75 inch
to 2 inches
• 550 to 600 minutes of cud-chewing activity per
cow per day.
• 60 to 75% of cows at rest should be cud-chewing
• > 60 chews per bolus of feed.
• Rumen pH should be over 6.0
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shredlage vs. Kernel Processing
• Longitudinally ripped forage (increase surface area)
• Stalk pieces about the size of an alfalfa steam
(1.25 inch TLC or 30 mm)
• Rhine of plant completely opened up.
• Smashed corn kernels
• Softer and fluffier.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Shredlage
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
KP
Shredlage
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
KP
Photos provided by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE
Shredlage
KP
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Materials resulted from water separation technique done by Kevin Shinners, UW Madison, BSE
Penn State Separator Box
(as-fed basis)
Screen, mm
19
8
1.18
Pan
Shredlage
KP
31.5%
41.5%
26.2%
0.8%
5.6%
75.6%
18.4%
0.4%
Samples obtained
during feed-out
from the silo bags
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Luiz Ferraretto & Randy Shaver Dairy Science Department
Shredlage processor
• Processor costs ~ $30,000
• Additional $25/hour to cover extra fuel & other costs
– Estimated 2 gallons more fuel per hour
– Shredlage LLC recommends that custom operators
charge $1.50-$2/ton
– Custom harvesters estimate roll replacement on one roll
at 40,000-50,000 tons and maybe both rolls at 60,00070,000 tons
University of Illinois at
Custom Harvesters Tell How Shredlage Works For Them
Urbana-ChampaignNew silage corn processing method is examined - Apr. 15, 2013
http://hayandforage.com/corn/custom-harvesters-tell-how-shredlage-works-them
MN
Field
Trial 1
Kernel
Processing
Score
Testing Lab
KPS
University
of Illinois
RD Shaver
UW-Madison
WI
Field
Trial 1
Lab
Survey
Dairyland
2005 - 2007
Year
No. of
samples
MN
Field
Trial 2
252
55
2011
29
258
WI
Field
Trial 2
Lab Survey
Rock River
Cumberland
Valley
2011 - 2010 2012
2012
2010 2011
64
311
1,131
- - - - - - - - - - - -% of Samples by Processing Score- - - - - - -
Excellent
10%
8%
10%
17%
17%
16%
7%
Adequate
48%
76%
55%
68%
61%
62%
51%
Poor
42%
16%
35%
15%
22%
22%
42%
at Urbana-Champaign
Kernel Processing Score
∆Worth 2 lb.
Milk
or 2 lb. Corn
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
RD Shaver UW-Madison
Penn State Separator
% (as fed)
Top
2nd
3rd
Bottom
TMR
10-15
> 40
< 30
< 20
Haylage
> 40
> 40
<20
< 5
Corn silage
5-15
> 50
<30
<5
(3/4 TLC-Process)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Top Box:
13.3%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Middle
Box:
68.8%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Bottom
Box:
17.9%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #3
Build Your Milk
Check
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Never Give Up Milk
• 1 lb of dry matter cost $0.12
• Milk price is $0.20 per pound
• Good cows produce 2 lb of milk per 1 lb of DM
• Profit: $0.28 cents per cow per pound of DM
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Value of Milk Components
(Prices for November, 2013)
• Holstein herd: 70 lb milk, 3.5% fat , and 2.9% true
protein corrected to 3.7% fat and 3.0% true protein
• 70 lb x 0.2% point increase
= 0.14 lb of milk fat x $1.63 / lb fat =
$0.23
• 70 lb x 0.1% point increase milk protein
= 0.07 lb protein x $3.63 / lb
=
$0.25
• Profit potential:
$0.48
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Milk Fat and Milk Protein Relationship
(Hoard’s Dairyman—Aug, 2013)
Fat %
Ayrshire
Protein %
Protein
vs Fat
Fat vs
Protein
3.86
3.17
80%
1.22
3.96
3.30
83%
1.22
Guernsey
4.49
3.31
74%
1.36
Holstein
3.70
3.02
82%
1.23
Jersey
4.75
3.64
77%
1.30
Brown Swiss
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Case Study: U of IL Dairy Farm
Item
Added Value /cwt
• Milk fat is 3.9%
+ 23 cents
• Milk true protein is 3.1%
+ 25 cents
• Milk quality premium
+ 83 cents
• rBST premium not to use
+ 59 cents
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #4
Feed Metrics
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Who is Ever-Green-View-MY 1326?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ever-Green-View My 1326 E.T.
Owned by Thomas Kestell, Waldo, WI
National Milk Production Cow
72,171 lb (32,805 liters) of milk
2728 lb @ 3.78%
2143 lb of true protein @ 2.97%
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Looking Ahead to 2014
• Corn:
$4.50/bushel
• Corn silage:
$45 to $50 a ton
• Alfalfa hay:
$250 a ton
• Soybean meal:
$400 a ton
• Distillers grain: $200 a ton
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Prices Used
Feeds
2013
2014
Corn silage (per ton)
$60
$45
Alfalfa (per ton)
$300+
$250
Corn grain (bushel)
$6.40
$5.00
Fuzzy cottonseed (ton)
$350
$400
Corn gluten feed (ton)
$200
$180
Soybean meal ( ton)
$400
$450
Corn distillers grain (ton)
$200
$200
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Benchmarks--2014
lb DM
Forages
Grain energy
By-product
Protein supp
Min/vit/additive
Ration building
28
10
5.5
5.5
1.0
Total
50
$/ lb DM
$ / day
.105
.104
.14
.17
.40
2.94
1.04
0.77
0.93
0.40
0.10
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
6.18
Feeding Economics--2014
Feed costs per cow per day
$6.18
Feed cost per lb DM
$0.12
Milk Production
80 lb
70 lb
Feed cost per cwt
$ 7.73
$ 8.83
Income over feed costs ($19)
$11.27 $ 10.17
Feed efficiency (lb milk/lb DM)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
1.60
1.40
Economics of Feed Efficiency
(70 lb milk, 12 cent lb DM)
Feed efficiency
(lb milk/lb DM)
1.30
DMI
(lb/day)
54
Difference
(savings/day)
$0.48
1.40
50
$0.36
1.50
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
47
Dairy Efficiency
Dairy Efficiency: Pounds of fat corrected
milk divided by pounds of DM consumed
High group, mature cows
> 1.7
High group, 1st lactation
> 1.6
Low group
> 1.3
One group TMR herds
> 1.5
Fresh cows
< 1.5
Concern (one group)
< 1.3
Example: 75 lb milk / 50 lb DMI = 1.5
3.5% FCM = (0.4324 x lb of milk) +
(16.216 x lb of milk fat)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #5
Feed Buys
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
FeedVal 2012
• Allows you to use
local prices
• Select nutrient values
important to you
• Indicates values of
feeds based on other
available feeds
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed
Current
Breakeven
Shelled corn
$4.40/bu
$6.20/bu
SBM—49%
$499/t
$523/t
Corn silage
$ 43/t
$ 78/t
Dec, 2013, IL,
High qual alfalfa $250/t
$180/t
FeedVal 2012
Low qual alfalfa $150/t
$132/t
Corn stalks
$ 80/t
$55/t
Straw
$100/t
$80/t
Breakeven
Prices
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Current
Breakeven
Distillers grain
$215
$387
Corn gluten feed
$178
$265
Dec, 2013, IL,
Soy hulls
$200
$212
FeedVal 2012
Fuzzy cottonseed
$338
$247
Wheat midds
$195
$215
Beet pulp
$270
$193
Breakeven
Prices
Feed
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Software Spreadsheet
• http://dairymgt.info
• Select: tools
• Select: feeding
• Click on: feedval 2012
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #6
Feed Additives
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
U.S. Feed Additive Use
(2013 Hoard’s Market Survey
Buffers
Yeast/yeast culture
Rumensin
Niacin
Probiotics
Mycotoxin binders
Anionic products
Don’t use
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2006
41
28
15
9
11
11
3
11
2012
39
32
25
12
12
23
6
9
Additives Recommended
• Rumen buffers
• Yeast culture/yeast products
• Monensin (Rumensin)
• Silage inoculants
• Biotin
• Organic trace minerals
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hutjens Priority
1.
Rumen impact
1a Rumensin
1b Yeast and yeast culture
1c
Sodium bicarb/S-carb
2
Silage inoculants
3.
Organic trace minerals (Zn, Se, & Cu)
4.
Biotin
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Hutjens “As Needs” List
•
Propylene glycol (300 to 500 ml)
•
Calcium propionate (150 grams)
•
Niacin (3 g protected; 3 g unprotected)
•
Mycotoxin binders (clay mineral or yeast cell MOS compounds)
•
Protected choline (15 g per day)
•
Anionic products / salts (amount varies)
•
Acid-based preservatives (baled hay and high moisture corn (0.5 to 1%)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #7
Replacement Heifers
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Cost of Raising Heifers
(33 WI operations in 2013)
•
•
•
•
Feed costs
Labor and mgmt costs
Variable costs
Fixed costs
• Total
$1046
$ 333
$ 274
$ 209
$1,862
(Add calf value and calf costs of $363)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Looking Back
Total Cost
1999
$1099
2007
$1323
2013
$1863
Daily Cost
$1.61
$2.04
$3.04
Days on Feed
683
648
611
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economics of Age and Weight
Weight
240
400
Age (mo)
2.5
5.5
Total Cost/Day
$2.15
$2.79
610
10.0
$2.63
840
1050
1170
13.5
18.0
22.0
$3.08
$3.37
$3.93
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Points to Ponder
• Do you raise all female replacement heifers?
• Does genomics allow identification of superior
animals?
• Do you use sexed semen on the best heifers
and cows?
• Do you breed the bottom 1/3 cows to beef
bulls?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #8
Grouping Cows
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economics of Three Production Groups
Milk yield
Feed cost
(lb/cow) ($/cow/day)
DMI Cost
(lb/day) ($/lb DM)
85
6.58
49.8
0.132
76
5.05
42.7
0.112
41
3.80
35.3
0.107
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economics of 85 lb vs. 76 lb TMR
1. Savings with two rations approach is
$1.53
2. Adjusting for lower DMI
$0.86
(42.7 lb x 13.2 cent/lb = $5.64 day
(42.7 lb x 11.2 cent lb = $4.78 day
3. Milk loss when shifting cows
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
(4 lb @ 19 cents)
$0.76
Grouping Software Program
• Dr. Victor Cabrera, U of WI
• Compare one group vs. to 2, 3, or 4 groups
• Download your DHI herd data (milk yield,
components, DIM, and body weight)
• Protein and energy costs
• Current milk prices
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Grouping Software Program
•
Enter the loss of milk yield per cow
•
Number of days of lost milk production
•
Added costs of mixing rations
•
Savings on additives
•
Comparison of IOFC:
–
Cluster (cows with similar needs)
–
Dairy Merit (milk yield and body weight at .075 power)
–
FCM (fat corrected milk)
–
DIM (days in milk)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Ration Selection
• Cluster approach
• Four lactating groups
• 120/120/120/110 cows per group
– 16.5% CP
0.73 Mcal / lb DM
– 15.1%CP
0.68 Mcal / lb DM
– 14.4%CP
0.66 Mcal / lb DM
– 13.2%CP
0.62 Mcal / lb DM
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Economic Comparisons
• 1 vs 2 group
$ 27,628 per year
• 1 vs 4 group
$103,957 per year
• 2 groups
– 300 / 170
$1,359,105
– 100 / 370
$1,346,952
– 235 / 235
$1,359,108
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Software Spreadsheet
• http://dairymgt.info
• Select: tools
• Select: feeding
• Click on: grouping strategies
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home
Message #8
“Free Feed”
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Control / Measuring Shrink
• Measuring weigh-backs (1% to 2%)
• Reducing feed losses
– Forages
(5 to 35%)
– Concentrates
(2 to 10%)
– By-products
(5 to 10%
• Environment: moisture, wind , birds, mold
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Must Use Silage Inoculants
• 3% improvement in dry matter recovery
• 2% increase in digestibility
• Benefit to cost ratio ($1 per ton)
– 3 : 1 on nutrient preserved
– 8: 1 when fed to high producing cows
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Oxygen Barrier Covering
• 60 times more reduction in oxygen penetration in wet
silage (using OTR or oxygen transfer rate comparisons)
• Reduces DM loss by 50%
in the top 1.5 to 3 feet of silage
• Results in a 2 to 5% savings
in dry matter retained
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Take Home Messages
• Cows are always “talking” to us
• Select areas that may give you the biggest
“bang” for your time
• Monitor values so when changes occur,
you / we have a base line
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Make Economic-Based
Long Term Correct Decisions
• Maintain a solid mineral program
• Holstein heifers must gain 1.6 – 1.8 lb / day
• SCC must be below 200,000
• Days open must by under 120 days
• Accelerated calf program is a must
• Select additives that pay
• Consider a low group TMR
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Feed Changes: Cow Responses
• Change in MUN by 3 units (8 to 12)
• Change in manure score by one unit (3.0)
• Change in body condition score by 0.5 (3.0)
• Change > 3 lb of management level milk
• Change > 0.2 % milk fat unit
• Change > 0.1% milk protein unit
• Change 2 lb of dry matter intake
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/
http://www.livestocktrail.illinois.edu/dairynet/
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Questions?
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign