Perception
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Perception Making Sense of the World Perception a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events Often produces errors in perceiving the world Perceptual Illusions Perceptual errors usually ~harmless Sometimes deadly Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus Perceptual Organization Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate the other senses Gestalt- an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes Perceptual Organization Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups Grouping Principles proximity- group nearby figures together similarity- group figures that are similar continuity- perceive continuous patterns connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected PerceptualOrganizationGrouping Principles Perceptual Organization Figure and Ground organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from surroundings (ground) Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception Depth Perception ability to see objects in three dimensions Binocular cues retinal disparity images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity convergence neuromuscular cue two eyes move inward for near objects Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception Monocular Cues relative size smaller image is more distant Relative Size Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception Monocular Cues interposition closer object blocks distant object Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception Perceptual OrganizationDepth Perception Monocular Cues linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance Linear perspective Which horizontal line seems longer? Converging lines ~distance Horz lines same retinal S Top perceived farther away Perceptual Organization Linear Perspective & Monsters Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image Shape Size Experience video Size Constancy What’s happening here? Experience tells him it is a large ship far away Really it is a small ship close Perceptual Interpretation Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field Upside-Down Vision Video Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another Perceptual Set Mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another Affects our perceptions of the world Errors Individual differences in perception Perceptual Set What do you see here? Perceptual SetSchemas Flying Saucers or Clouds? Perceptual Set What do you see? Perceptual Set What do you see? Perceptual Set Demo If your last name starts with the letter ‘a’ - ‘n’ close your eyes Others look at the screen Perceptual Set Demo Woman Eyes Face Perceptual Set Demo Rest of you close your eyes now Others look at the screen Perceptual Set Demo Performance Music Saxophone Perceptual Set Demo Everyone look at the screen IMMEDIATELY write down what you see first... What do you see? Creation of Perceptual Set First group saw: Woman Eyes Face Second group saw Performance Music Saxophone Perceptual SetSchemas What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set Face or saxophone Perceptual Set Experience/context impacts percep sets Individual differences Momentary fluctuations No objective reality We all perceive the world differently at different times Perception & Context Group Activity II: ESP In groups of 4-5 and using the text: Define ESP and describe at least 2 types Describe the kind of research that examines ESP Summarize the state of the scientific evidence for ESP PLEASE TURN THIS IN AFTER CLASS! ESP Extrasensory Perception Controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input Telepathy Clairvoyance Precognition Parapsychology The study of paranormal phenomena ESP Psychokinesis ESP No scientifically reliable and valid evidence for ESP has yet been found Does NOT mean ESP does not exist No evidence yet Skeptical, critical attitude of science Curious Explorers Perception Summary Illusions & Organization Depth perception Perceptual constancy Perceptual Set ESP
