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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by
pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary
tract (the normal urinary tract is sterile above
the urethra).
UTIs are generally classified as infections
involving
the upper or lower urinary tract
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Lower UTIs include bacterial cystitis (inflammation
of the urinary bladder), bacterial prostatitis
(inflammation of the prostate gland), and bacterial
urethritis (inflammation of the urethra).
Upper UTIs are much less common and include
acute or chronic pyelonephritis (inflammation of
the renal pelvis), interstitial nephritis (inflammation
of the kidney), and renal abscesses.
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For infection to occur, bacteria must gain
access to the bladder, attach to and colonize
the epithelium of the urinary tract to avoid
being washed out with voiding, evade host
defense mechanisms, and initiate
inflammation.
Most UTIs result from fecal organisms
that ascend from the perineum to the urethra
and the bladder and then adhere to the
mucosal surfaces.
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Ascending infection
E.Coli ---> 86%
In men , obstructive abnormalitites
UTI ---> sepsis and nosocmila infections
Upper UTI ---> recurrent bladder infection
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Dysuria, frequency, urgency, nocturia
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Suprapubic pain or discomofort
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Microscopic or gross hematuria
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Urine microscopy
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Urine culture
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Patients with indwelling catheter--->
asypmtomatic
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Antibiotic therapy( follow up culture)
3-7-10
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Pyelonephritis
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hematogeneuos spread leading to sepsis
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History of recurrent UTI?
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Voiding habits?
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Suprapubic pain or tenderness?
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Acute pain R/T inflammation of the bladder
mucosa
Deficient knowledge R/T prevention of
recurrent UTI
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