glish __________________________________________ Greek Drama: Antigone _____ Name Period SAME MYTH, SECOND VERSE… PART I: Using the annotation notes on our online in the textbook, complete the following chart. MYTHICAL CHARACTER Niobe (page 27 line 671-676) “How often I have heard the store of Niobe, / Tantalos’ wretched daughter, how the stone / Clung fast about her, ivy-close: and they say / The rain falls endlessly / And rifting soft snow; her tears are never done. / I feel the loneliness of her death in mine.” SUMMARY OF MYTH She was boastful about how many kids she had. This provoked the mother of Apollo, Leto. Leto destroyed her children and eventually turned her to stone on a mountain where the rivers that flow are her tears. Tantalos (page 27 line 671-672) “How often I have heard the store of Niobe, / Tantalos’ wretched daughter…” Tortured in Tartarus (Hell): Had to stand in a pool of water beneath a tree bearing fruit, with the fruit being just out of his reach, and the water receding before he could drink; why we have the word “tantalize” COMPARE TO ANTIGONE CONTRAST WITH ANTIGONE They both offend very important person and face divine curses and deal with unburied love ones. Antigone deals with her unburied brother while Niobe deals with her unburied dead children. They both have offensive attitudes and behavior towards their important loved ones. As well they both die in the end of the myth because they lost on their family so they were in sorrow. Antigone references Tantalos when she is expressing her fear of being imprisoned, this usage reiterates her fear. Suffers from Pride like Creon and Antigone. Antigone did nothing to offend gods, only wanted to please them. Danae (page 29 line 738) “All Danae’s beauty was locked away / In a brazen cell where the sunlight could not come: / A small room, still as any grave, enclosed her.” Dyras’ son Lycurgos (page 29 line 747) And Dryas’ son 8 also, that furious king, Bore the god’s prisoning anger for his pride: Sealed up by Dionysos in deaf stone, His madness died among echoes. Eidothea (page 30 line 759) “How a king’s new woman, sick / With hatred for the queen he had imprisoned, / Ripped out his two son’s eyes with her bloody hands” Greek king and son of Zeus. When Zues invited him to Olympus he stole their food. He invited the gods to his house and tried to feed them his son, Pelops. She was the mother of perseus by Zeus Perseus Is the one who killed medusa and cut off her head. She founded the city of Ardea Was imprisoned in a tomb She was alive when she was freed *Be sure to look at the The ivy tree is the tree nine Implacable Sisters of the god Dionysus, a mentioned in that relative of Antgione. antistrophe! Dyras was the son of King Lycurgos. Dyras was killed when King Lycurgos went mad and mistaked him for an ivy tree. Nine muses relate to the “echoes” that killed the King. *Look at her father, god of the North Wind, as well as the Fates. Why would Ares grin at this while this shuttle plunged four times, four blind wounds crying for revenge? What’s with this shuttle and these wounds??? Daughter of the shapeshifting god Proteus, an Goes against greater rule like Antigone by revealing they need to give sacrifices to Zeus More violent than Antigone early sea god Cleopatra (page 30 line 760) “With hatred for the queen he had imprisoned,” Daughter of Boreus, the North Wind. First wife of King Phineus. Phineus locked her awy in a cave. Phineus’s second wife, Eidothea, acussed her two sons of attempted rape and tricked Phineus into blinding them. Cleopatra’s brothers, Calais and Zetes, freed her, put her sons on Phineus’s throne and set Eidothea away to her own land. Both were locked away in a cave and had family members who were blinded. Cleopatra was released from her prison alive. PART II: What do all of these characters have in common? Part III: Look up these are allusions and provide a brief summary. Then write down the connection you see between this reference and Antigone. Mythical Character Summary of Myth Persephone (line 716) O tomb, vaulted bride-bed in eternal rock, Persephone is the Queen of Connection to our play: Why reference this? How is it significant? Think of context and culture! Antigone is going to die and go to the Soon I shall be with my own again / Where Persephone welcome the thin ghost underground: Acheron (lines 664) Now sleepy Death / Summons me down to Acheron, that cold shore: / There is no bridesong there, nor any music. Hephaistos I began the rites of burnt-offering at the altar, / But Hephaistos failed me: instead of bright flame, / There was only the sputtering slime of the fat thigh-flesh / Melting: Iacchos (page 35) O Iacchos son of Kadmeian Semele O born of the Thunder! Guardian of the West Regent of Eleusis’ plain O Prince of maenad Thebes and the Dragon Field by rippling Ismenos. . . the nymphs of Iacchos dance at the spring of Castalia. . . oh come from Parnasos: the Underworld at Hades’ side. She is stuck/ trapped in the Underworld and can not leave Underworld with Persephone. However, this is ironic because they are both trapped. A river of the Where Antigone underworld, which was going to die. was ruled by Alludes to death Hades This is the God Greek God of fire, Teresias offers to. sculpture, This is significant craftsmanship, because, maybe and forging. Teresias wanted Hephaistos to “fix” the situation. *Be sure to include Semele, the Eleusis’ plain, maenad Thebes, the Dragon Field, Ismenos, Castalia, and Parnasos. Kudos if you can explain why his female followers chant “Evohe evohe.’ Iacchos – (commonly referred to as Dionysus) god of fertility and wine, later called the patron of the arts Ismenos, Castalia, and Parnasos are referenced because they are sacred to Dionysus. Eleusis’ Plain references the location of the play. Semele – Mother of Iacchos Eleusis’ Plain – reference to Athens, location of the play Maenad Thebes – female followers of Dionysus Dragon Field – named after Cadmus defeated the Ismenian dragon and sowed the teeth of the dragon into the field Ismenos is a river east of Thebes. Castalia is a spring on Parnasos. Parnasos is a mountain that towers over Delphi. Amphion (line 901-902) Men of the line of Kadmos you who live Near Amphion’s citadel: What is his citadel? Kadmos was the founder of the city of Thebes;Amphion played the lyre so sweetly that Kadmos used stones to build a wall to surround him. Pallas (line 928) As I was unlocking the gate of Pallas’ shrine, Athena is the Goddess of *Why would Eurydice need her help? Eurydice feels like A bunch of walls that Kadmos built to surround Amphion. For I needed her help today wisdom and Justice Hecate and Pluto (also known as (line 940) hades) deities of To the outer plain where Polyneices was lying, the underworld No friend to pity him, his body shredded by dogs. We made our prayers in that place to Hecate And Pluto, 18 that they would be merciful. Io Fire (page 35 lines 896) Io Fire! Chorister of the throbbing stars! O purest among the voices of the night! Thou son of God, blaze for us! The Furies (lines 848 page 33) And the Furies and the dark gods of Hell Are swift with terrible punishment for you. Moon of Jupiter She is loved by Zeus then transformed into a heifer Three sisters Alecto (the angry), Megaera (the grudging), and Tisiphone (the avenger) were created from the blood of Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him to take revenge on the loss of his siblings. she needs wisdom on what to do and justice against Creon for what he has done. The body of Polyneices was not properly buried. This was something very important in their culture, for the soul of the body. They prayed in hope that the soul would pass despite not having a proper burial Why reference Io Fire? The best star and Choragos is referring to her for help. They persecute crimes such as disrespect, injustice, perjury, or arrogance, and Creon was afraid of them.