America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition) Tindall/Shi
Chapter 27 -

I. The first Hundred Days o
A. Competing proposals
 1. FDR’s three-pronged strategy
 a. Banking crisis
 b. Industrial recovery
 c. Raise commodity prices o B. Strengthening America’s finances

1. The banking crisis
 a. FDR declared four-day banking holiday
 b. Emergency Banking Relief Act
 c. FDR’s “fireside chats“ assured banks’ safety
 d. By March 15, banking crisis over

2. Economy Act

3. The end of Prohibition

4. Fifteen major proposals of 1933

5. The problem of debt
 a. Farm Credit Administration
 b. Emergency Farm Mortgage Act and Farm Credit Act
 c. Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

6. Banking and investment reforms
 a. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
 b. Federal Securities Act

7. Devaluing the currency o
C. Relief measures

1. Civilian Conservation Corps

2. Federal Emergency Relief Administration

3. Civil Works Administration

4. Works Progress Administration
 a. Construction jobs
 b. Artists and writers
 c. National Youth Administration o
D. Agricultural recovery through controlled production

1. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

2. Success of the programs
 3. The “dust bowl“

4. Supreme Court, in United States v. Butler , ended AAA

5. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

6. Second Agricultural Adjustment Act o
E. Reviving industrial growth —the National Industrial Recovery Act

1. Public Works Administration

2. National Recovery Administration (NRA)

3. Codes of fair practice

4. Criticism of the NRA

5. NRA struck down by Supreme Court

6. Legacy of the NRA
 a. Set new standards
 b. Spurred growth of unions
 c. Advanced trend of stabilization o
F. The Tennessee Valley Authority

1. New objectives: overall regional planning

2. Inexpensive electricity

II. The social cost of Depression o
A. Continuing hardships o
B. Dust bowl migrants

1. From across the Southwest, from Colorado to Oklahoma
 2. California ends up being no “paradise“
 a. One third of “Okies“ return to home states

America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition) Tindall/Shi o
C. Minorities and the New Deal

1. Effects of farm programs on African Americans

2. Mexican Americans

3. Native Americans o
D. Court decisions and civil rights

1. Grovey v. Townsend

2. Powell v. Alabama

3. Norris v. Alabama

III. Culture in the thirties o
A. Writers and social significance

1. John Steinbeck

2. Richard Wright o
B. Popular culture during the Depression

1. Radio

2. Film

IV. The Second New Deal o
A. Eleanor Roosevelt o
B. Critics

1. Huey Long

2. Francis Townsend

3. Charles Coughlin o
C. The Supreme Court and the New Deal

1. Struck down NIRA ( Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States )

2. Entire New Deal seemed in danger o
D. National Labor Relations Act o
E. Social Security Act
 1. “Cornerstone“ of the New Deal

2. Relatively conservative with a regressive tax o
F. Revenue Act of 1935 (Wealth-Tax Act)
 1. “Soaking“ the rich makes FDR “traitor to his class“

V. The election of 1936 o A. FDR’s popularity o
B. Republicans nominated Alfred M. Landon o
C. Democrats created a new electoral coalition o
D. Landslide victory for FDR

VI. FDR and the Supreme Court o A. The Court’s decisions seemed to endanger the New Deal o
B. FDR decided to enlarge the Court, to enable him to appoint pro–New Deal justices o
C. Court-packing scheme met with much opposition o
D. Court packing became unnecessary

VII. Labor in the New Deal o
A. Growth of unions o
B. Industrial unions

1. Movement to organize workers in mass-production industries

2. Craft unions in AFL opposed to industrial unions

3. Formation of Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) o
C. The CIO

1. Success in automobile industry

2. Success in steel industry

3. CIO had soon unionized much of industrial America

VIII. The slump of 1937 o
A. Sharper than crash of 1929 o
B. Reasons for slump o
C. Economic theories

1. Less government spending and a balanced budget

2. Renewed spending

America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition) Tindall/Shi

IX. Economic policy and reform o
A. Recovering from the slump of 1937 o
B. Wagner-Steagall National Housing Act o
C. Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act o
D. Other acts

1. Agricultural Adjustment Act

2. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

3. Fair Labor Standards Act

X. The legacy of the New Deal o
A. FDR and the Democratic party

1. Southern Democrats drifted toward a coalition with conservative Republicans
 a. Racism a key component in the shift

2. The conservative opposition
 3. FDR’s efforts to cleanse Democratic party

4. In the election of 1938, the Democratic majorities in Congress began to slip
 a. Factions in Democratic party
 b. Growth of conservative opposition o
B. The Halfway Revolution

1. Through the 1930s the power of the national government was vastly enlarged

2. FDR had taken the road between the extremes of laissez-faire and socialism

America: A Narrative History (Ninth Edition) Tindall/Shi