CATEGORIES
1. Expansion and Intensification of
Communication and Exchange Networks
2. Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and
Their Interactions
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This existing land route started in East Asia and
traveled all the way to Western Europe. It
began during the Han Dynasty. The bubonic
plague, luxurious goods, and many other items
were transported along this trade route.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the Silk Road?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
These water trade routes promoted the growth of
the Byzantine Empire and the Italian CityStates. These trade routes brought about the
Hanseatic League. Improved ship technology
increased the volume of trade on these trade
routes.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are the Mediterranean sea routes?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
These land trade routes brought cities into the
developing world by allowing their cities to
economically grow, and increased the
popularity of African cities. They traded
valuable items such as slaves, gold, and salt.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are the Trans-Saharan trade routes?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
These water trade routes allowed for the growth
of powerful port cities. Not only did these
trade routes transport goods such as gold and
other luxury items, but ideology and religion
were also transmitted, especially Hinduism
and Buddhism.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are Indian Ocean Basin trade routes?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Horse collars, harnesses, Viking longships, and
caravels are all examples of the this thing.
This thing caused an increase in the volume of
trade all over the world.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are improved trade technologies?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This new trading city was founded as a trading
post and was the largest Russian town on the gulf
of Finland. It never fully joined the Hanseatic
league, but in 1259 they established a trading
post there, which participated in most of the
Baltic trade. This eliminated the need for ships to
take the dangerous route around Scandinavia.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is Novgorod as a new trading city?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
These trade routes developed during this time
period and expanded rapidly. Things from food,
such as corn or squash, to raw materials, such as
stone, were traded. This trade allowed empires to
expand vastly, although these empires were never
very tightly controlled.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are trade routes in Mesoamerica and the
Andes?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This thing was made possible by significant innovations
in previously existing transportation and commercial
technologies. Some of these increased technologies
include: better caravan organization, compass,
astrolabe, larger and better ship designs in sea travel,
and new forms of credit and monetization. These
innovations allowed people to travel greater distances.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the growth of interregional trade in luxury
goods?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This traded item was traded along the silk road and
highly valued by Europeans. A lot of this traded
item came from India, but China and the rest if
East Asia produced this desired good as well.
Europeans paid a lot of money for this item, which
did help the East Asian economies.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are spices as luxury goods?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This new example of caravan organization was a
roadside inn along trade routes where traverlers
could rest in safety.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is a caravanserai?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This new form of monetization allowed ease for
merchants, as they did not have to carry with
them as many different types of currency.
Weighing currency was no longer necessary as
this thing made exchanges much easier.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are bills of exchange?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This state-sponsored commercial infrastructure
promoted commercial growth in China. It allowed
trade and travel within the country to be much
more quick and efficient.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the grand canal?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This new state practice allowed merchants to not
carry around with them heavy currency like coins.
It also eliminated the weighing portion of a
transaction. States created this to promote trade
within the country, and with other countries as
well.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is paper money?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This trade organization allowed the fostering of
commercial growth by allowing merchants to all
come together and be one unit. This organization
dominated the coast of Northern Europe. It was
created to protect commercial interests and
privileges granted by foreign rulers in cities and
countries the merchants visited.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the Hanseatic League?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This group of people dominated Eurasia and was
the largest contiguous land empire in human
history. It existed in the 13th and 14th century
CE. This group of people created the Yuan
Dynasty in China. They were very militaristic.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Who are the Mongols?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Arabs and Berbers adapted these to travel across
and around the Sahara. These worked very well
in the desert and allowed travel to go much faster,
since they did not have to stop as frequently.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are camels?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This diffusion of language occurred because of
increased trade contracts in a region where this
contact before was not present before. This
language belongs to a nomadic tribe, so ass they
traveled, their language and culture diffused.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the spread of Bantu languages, like Swahili?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
As the coastal trade and shipping of India came to
be controlled (from the 8th century onward)
increasingly by this group of merchants from such
regions as Gujarat and various parts of south
India, elements of this group’s culture began to
filter into island Southeast Asia.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are Muslim Merchants in the Indian Ocean?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Mainly by trading and exchanging beliefs. This group
of merchants also helped Southeast Asia from
time to time because Magellan's voyage records
that Brunei possessed more cannons than the
European ships so it appears that this group of
merchants fortified them.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are Chinese Merchants in Southeast Asia?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This group of merchants became dominant as traveling
merchants, occupying a key position along the ancient
Silk Road. Their language became the common
language of the Silk Route and they played a role in
the cultural movements of philosophies and religion,
such as Manicheism, Zoroastrianism, and Buddhism
into the east as well as the movement of items of
trade. They dominated trade along the Silk Route from
the 2nd century BC until the 10th century AD.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are Sogdian merchants in Central Asia?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This person was a Muslim man who traveled first to the
Muslim world, but then he traveled to Asia, and then a
part of Europe. He came from a culture that was not
open to other cultures, and so he may have
misinterpreted the cultures that he saw. Also, when he
brought back his writings, his culture was still not
open to other cultures, and he may have needed to
modify things to be accepted back in his home place.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Who is Ibn Battuta?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This man was a traveling man who had come from a
culture not open to ideas. He was a European
man who traveled to central Asia, and his writings
introduced Europe to the cultures of central Asia.
However, since he came from a culture that was
not so open, his writings would have possibly
been skewed by the beliefs that had been
bestowed upon him since birth.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Who is Marco Polo?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This man was another man who traveled to different
parts of the world. He traveled from his home
country of china to India. He described the
interaction between china and India, as well as
the cultures he experienced. He was also from a
culture that was not open to new ideas, and may
have not been unbiased in his findings. When he
returned, his culture may not have been as
accepting as he had hoped.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Who is Xuanzang?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Two societies mathematics influenced a culture groups scholars in multiple
ways. First, the Indians thought of the idea of zero, and the this society
had much of geometry. This cultures scholars combined these materials
and Babylonian material in order to develop algebra. Next, we have
irrational numbers as the next part of influence. This society had
discovered irrational numbers, but were not happy with them. In the this
societies view, irrational numbers could only be handled geometrically.
This cultures mathematicians allowed irrational quantities to appear in
algebra. Finally, solving third degree equations was another point of
influence. This society had used a method for solving third degree
equations that this cultures mathematicians adopted. They then took it
further in order to solve all positive roots.
Hint: (This society) and (this society) influenced (this cultures) mathematics.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the Greek and Indian Mathematics influence
Muslim Scholars?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
This crop came to be grown in Africa by, sea trade routes, the
Silk Road and this countries climate. After the
domestication of this crop, they would have been traded
along the sea trade routes, the eastern coast of this
country is on these routes and this crop could have arrived
this way. This crop would have also been traded along the
Silk Road and could have ended up in this country that
way. Where this crop were domesticated was in New
Guinea, this climate is similar to this country’s and so this
crop could have easily been grown there.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are bananas grown in Africa?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
Some of the things that led to this crop in this place were
the topography, environment, and climate changes.
Topography would have led to this crop because they would
have different growing environments, as in more or less
water around them, or soil types. The environment around
them would also develop this crop by changing the
conditions in which they would grow in and when they
would need to be harvested. Climate changes would
completely change the environment and therefore the
conditions they grow in forcing changes in the crop.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What are new rice varieties in East Asia?
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
There three crops spread though these two regions by
spreading along the sea lanes, the climates necessary to
grow them and they became affordable because of the
ease of growing. They spread along the Mediterranean Sea
lanes, as trade items. Where ever they ended up around
the this region it would have been easy to grow because of
the common climate along the this region. Because of this
these crops would have become cheap because of how
many people could grow them.
EXPANSION AND INTENSIFICATION OF
COMMUNICATION AND EXCHANGE NETWORKS
What is the Spread of cotton, sugar, and citrus
throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean
basin?
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
This played a key role in the power of the Byzantine Empire, just like
the Roman Empire. The emperor was viewed as the messenger
of this, which was a pattern set by Eusebius of Caesarea, but this
was just like emperor Constantine in the later Roman Empire.
The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties used this as a source of power
by, having a rise in neo Confucianism, state supported charity
donations to the poor, and using people’s belief in self-sacrifice.
With the rise in neo Confucianism, the emperor had more loyal
subjects to do his bidding as taught by Confucianism, ruler to
ruled. They used state supported charity funds to win converts
from Buddhism to neo Confucianism. And people believed in self
sacrifices, the state used this in their fight to win converts and
wars against invaders.
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
What is religion as a traditional sources of power
and legitimacy?
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
The Byzantine Empire improved this by, taking surplus,
redistributing it, and putting it to use in public works. The
Byzantine Empire would take surplus money from the
economy, thus stopping inflation. Then they would
redistribute the surplus to state officials, the Roman
Empire would also do this. Or instead of giving it to state
officials they would use the surplus to fund public work
projects. So though taking the surplus though this they
improved their economy and the all around public life.
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
What are improved methods of Taxation?
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
The Abbasid government represented a return to the
principles of government in the first days of the
orthodox calendar.
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
What are changes in government of Islamic states?
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
This is an independent or autonomous entity whose
territory consists of a city which is not
administered by another local government. This
thing often shares languages, government,
religious beliefs, and ways of life with others of its
king around it, as they are usually related to one
another.
CONTINUITY AND INNOVATION OF STATE FORMS
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
What is a city-state?