Fifteenth to Nineteenth
Century Art
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The Italian Renaissance
The renaissance, or "rebirth" in Italy began in the
late 14th century and lasted until the early 16th
century.
Many ancient ideas were rediscovered in areas such
as philosophy, literature, and science. People
focused on learning by direct observation and study
of the natural world. Religious themes and Greek
and Roman mythology also became increasingly
important to artists, who sought to recreate what
was found in the classical age.
We have already looked at
The Italian Renaissance
Image from Botticelli, “Birth
of Venus,” 1482, Italy
Leonardo, “Mona Lisa,” or “La
Gioconda,” 1503-1506, France
Now let’s take a look at the
Northern Renaissance
Northern Europe
or Europe outside of Italy
Staring in the late 15th century
Germany
France
England
Netherlands
Poland
Influences
Decline of feudalism – where a lord granted land (a fief) to
his vassals. In exchange for the fief, the vassal would
provide military service to the lord.
Recovery from Black Plague (1348 – 1350)
Increasing use of money
Improvement in farming methods
Decrease of influence of Roman Catholic church
Printing press – books
Scientific Research
The Northern Renaissance
Italian
Northern
Speciality
Ideal beauty
Intense realistic detail
Style
Simplified forms, measured Lifelike features, unflattering
proportions
honesty
Subjects
Religious & mythological
scenes
Religious & domestic scenes
Figures
Heroic males
Prosperous citizens, peasants
Portraits
Formal, reserved
Reveal individual personality
Technique
Fresco, tempera, oil
Oil on wood
Emphasis
Underlying anatomical
structure
Visible appearance
Basis of Art Theory
Observation
Artists
Netherlands & Belgium
Jan van Eyck – detailed realism respected in Italy
Rogier van der Weyden
Pieter Bruegel the Elder – developed own style
Hieronymus Bosch – developed own style
Germany
Albrecht Dürer – travelled to Italy
Hans Holbein the Elder – existing Gothic influence
Jan Van Eyck
“Arnolfini Wedding”,
1434
Pieter Bruegel
Peasant Wedding, 1568
Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
The Tower of Babel. 1563.
Pieter Bruegel
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. “Hunters in the Snow,” 1565 or Months:
The Return of the Hunters, 1575, oil on canvas. Flemish.
Hieronymouse Bosch
From the Garden of
Earthly Delights. Panel:
The Earthly Paradise
(Garden of Eden), 1504
From Panel: Hell
Hans Holbein: Princely Portraits
The Ambassadors, 1533
Henry VIII, 1540
Hans Holbein: Woodcuts
Ruth meets Boaz
From the Dance
of Death: The
Peddlar
Artist's
Wife and
Children
Hans Holbein the
Younger.
1528-29.
tempera on paper
on limewood.
German
Albrecht
Dürer
Albrecht Dürer.
Hare (Lepus
europaeus
Pallas), 1502.
Watercolor and
gouache,
heightened with
white.
Albrecht
Dürer
Self-Portrait
The Large Turf,
1503
Albrecht
Dürer
Night, Death,
and the Devil,
1513
The Spanish Renaissance
El Greco, “Toledo,” 1597
“Mater Dolorosa,” 1590’s
Baroque: The Ornate Age
Baroque period, originated in Italy around the late
16th century, and spread to other countries, until the
18th century. Baroque period art is emotional and
dramatic, appealing to the senses, with exaggerated
detail and motion and intense contrast of light and
dark. While themes were often religious, the
aristocracy appreciated the ornate style in painting and
architecture as a way to show off their wealth.
Italian Baroque
Caravaggio
Annibale Carracci
Artemisia Gentileschi
Flemish & Dutch
Rubens
van Dyck
Heda
Hals
Rembrandt
English Baroque
Vermeer
Hogarth
Gainsborough
Reynolds
Spanish Baroque
Velazquez
French Baroque
Poussin
Lorrain
Versailles Palace
Caravaggio
Supper at
Emmaus,
1601.
Chiaroscuro Strong
contrast
between light
and dark
http://www.forvo.co
m/word/chiaroscuro/
Two
children
teasing a
cat, ca.
1590, oil
on canvas,
Italian
Annibale Carracci
The Beaneater
1584-85,
oil on
canvas,
Rome
The First Feminist Artist
Artemisia
Gentileschi
Judith and her
Maidservant, 1613-14
Flemish & Dutch Baroque
Sir Peter Paul Rubens
Rubens with Isabella
Brant in the Bower with
Honeysuckle,1609
Sir Peter Paul Rubens
Nicholaas Rubens
wearing a Coral
Necklace, 1619
Self-Portrait, 1639
Sir Anthony
van Dyck
Portrait of Charles 1st,
1635
Sir Anthony
van Dyck
Portrait of
Maria de Tassis,
c. 1629/30
Willem Claesz Heda
Still Life with
Gilt Goblet,
1620’s
Frans Hals
The Jolly Toper,
1627
Frans Hals
Detail from Three
Children with a
Goat Cart, 1620
Rembrant van Rijn
Self-Portrait as a
Young Man, 1630
Self-Portrait, 1640.
The Night Watch, 1642
Rembrant van Rijn
Rabbi, 1642
Rembrant van Rijn
Rembrandt,
Moses with
the Tablets
of the Law,
1659
Johannes
Vermeer
“The
Kitchenmaid”,
1658
“The Girl with
the Pearl
Earing”, 1665
The English Baroque
Hogarth:
The Artist as a
Social Critic
The Painter and
his Pug, 1745
“Breakfast Scene”
from Marriage a la Mode, 1745
Thomas
Gainsborough
Peasant Smoking
at Cottage Door,
1788
Thomas
Gainsborough
Mrs. Richard
Brisley Sheridan,
1785
Thomas
Gainsborough
Mrs. Sarah
Siddons, 1785
Sir Joshua
Reynolds
Mrs Siddons as
the Tragic Muse
1789
Sir Joshua
Reynolds
Self-Portrait,
1780
Sir Joshua
Reynolds
Jane, Countess of
Harrington, 1777
Spanish Baroque
Diego
Velázquez
Las
Meninas,
c. 1656
Diego
Velázquez
Old Woman
frying eggs,
1618
The French Baroque
Nicolas Poussin: Master of Composition
Landscape
with the
Funeral of
Phocion.
1648
Claude Lorrain:
Nature as Ideal
Idylic Landscape
with Escape to
Egypt, 1663
Versailles - Palace of Pomp
Le Brun & Hardouin-Mansart, Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, c. 1680
Rococo
Mood: Playful, superficial, alive with energy
Interior Décor: gilded woodwork, painted panels,
enormous wall mirrors
Shapes: S and C-curves, ribbon-like scrolls
Style: light, graceful, delicate
Colours: white, silvers, gold, light pinks, blues, greens
Antoine Watteau
Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717
Francois Boucher
Spring (detail), 1745
JeanHonoré
Fragonard
The Reader,
1770-72
JeanHonoré
Fragonard
The Swing,
1767
Cavilliés, Mirror Room, 1734-39