Do Now
1. Remove the “leads to” phrase from your thesis
statement.
2. Swap papers and check the new thesis statement. Is
the theme still implied by the thesis? Does it still
have the list of traits?
3. Check the conclusion paragraph for all three required
parts: rephrasing of thesis, summary of main ideas,
so what question.
Intros. & Conclusions
How to give them Rhetorical Punch!
Parallel Structure
• Definition: Repeated Grammatical Pattern
• Examples:
– Mary likes hiking, swimming, and bicycling.
– Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to bike.
– Rand’s Objectivism conveys how to live, how to exist,
and how to be.
• Try this now with the last sentence of your
conclusion. Select a structure to repeat 3 times.
Work with a partner if you need help. Write the
new sentence onto your draft as an OPTION.
Concluding Sentence with Parallel
Structure
The Gothic genre fulfills the horrific fantasies of
the reader, entices the terrifying imaginations of
viewers, and evokes the understanding of
human nature.
Anaphora
• Definition: Repeating a sequence of words at the
beginnings of neighboring clauses
• Example:
– “In the time the savage bull sustains the yoke,
In the time all haggard hawks will stoop to lure,
In the time small wedges cleave the hardest oak,
In the time the flint is pierced with softest shower.”
--Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy
• Try it out now with the last sentence of your conclusion.
This can either be in one longer sentence or across a few
sentences.
Concluding Sentence with Anaphora
Gothic evokes fear; gothic evokes paranoia.
Short Sentence
• A short sentence can provide nice, dramatic
impact if it is located among longer sentences
• Example:
– “She pluck’d, she eat.”
--John Milton, Paradise Lost
• Try it out now with the last sentence of the
conclusion.
Concluding Sentence with Short
Sentence
Gothic is fear.
Antithesis
• Definition: Parallel structure that uses opposites
to create emphasis
• Example:
– “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it
was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness
[…]”
--Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
• Try it out now in your attention-grabber.
Attention-grabber with Antithesis
The Gothic genre terrifies its readers; the
Gothic genre entertains its readers.
Epistrophe
• Definition: repeating the same words at the end of
successive phrases or clauses
• Examples:
– “Where affections bear rule, their reason is subdued, honesty is
subdued, good will is subdued, and all things else that withstand
evil, for ever are subdued.”
--Thomas Wilson
– “[…]this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—
and that government of the people, by the people, and for the
people, shall not perish from earth.”
--Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
• Try it out now with your thesis statement.
Thesis Statement with Epistrophe
The Gothic epitomizes the fear of death, the
paranoia of death, and the insanity of death.
Dash
• The dash can be a nice device to set apart an important word or
phrase that provides much more separation and attention than
simply using commas (be sure to hit the hyphen twice to create the
dash)
• Examples:
– Her taste in music –from country to rap– exemplifies her eclectic
personality.
– The vegetarian gasped in horror when he saw lining the wall of the
cabin a collection of animal heads—moose, deer, bears, squirrels, all
dead.
– Kira shows that nothing in life is worthwhile without that which makes
us happy– ourselves.
• Try it out now with the thesis statement to create drama.
Thesis Statement with a Dash
The iniquities of humanity are brought forth by
the Gothic genre’s most powerful trait– fear.
Conjunctive Adverbs
•
These are adverbs that can be used as transitions between ideas.
•
They must be followed by a comma!!
Accordingly,
Similarly,
Certainly,
Consequently,
Furthermore,
Finally,
Further,
Therefore,
Ultimately,
Hence,
•
However,
Incidentally,
Moreoever,
Nevertheless,
Nonetheless,
Otherwise,
Try it now– add a conjunctive adverb to a sentence in BOTH the intro. and
conclusion.
Decision Time
• Rhetoric must be tasteful– not too much and
not too little.
• Look over the rhetorical sentences you’ve
created and decide on which ones you want to
use.
• Add these into your typed draft for
homework.