The
Sinking
of the
RMS
Titanic
By
Meagan
Johnson
Location





The Titanic hit an iceberg on
that fateful night on April 14,
1912.
It later sank at 2:20 the next
morning April 15.
It was her maiden voyage
from Southampton, England
to New York.
The Titanic was the largest
ship at her time and was said
to be “unsinkable”
The Titanic sunk 400 miles
south off the shores of Grand
Banks, Newfoundland in the
North Atlantic Ocean.
On September 1, 1985 her
remains were discovered.
They were 2.5 miles below
the surface and 13 miles
away from where they
thought the Titanic had
sunk.
Some Photos of the Wreck
Pictures
from the
wreck of
the
Titanic
Processes of the Earth

There are not any processes that cause icebergs to form
or move. It is all the rotation of the Earth.
 Icebergs are formed when snow accumulates over time
on a glacier and turns to ice. Eventually, a piece of
freshwater ice breaks off the glacier from the pressure of
its own weight.
 Earth’s rotation causes the seasons and the part farthest
away from the Sun is the coldest.
 If the conditions are just right (enough moisture in the air
and temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius) then snow
can form.
 And typically the conditions are perfect because
Greenland is near the poles and is the farthest away
from the Sun in winter and glaciers are formed near
water.
Surface Currents

The Labrador Current was probably
the current that brought the Titanic’s
iceberg since West Greenland is
responsible for about 85% of the
Northern Hemispheres icebergs.
Another aspect
of how the
Titanic’s iceberg
got to where it
was is the
surface
currents.
Surface
currents are
caused when
there is uneven
heating of the
Earth and
Earths rotation.
The Sun and Surface Currents
 Surface
currents are caused by the
uneven heating of Earth’s surface and
Earth’s rotation.
 The Sun is responsible for heating the
Earth. It causes winds and moves the sea
surface when the wind blows over it.
 Also, Earth’s rotation causes the ocean to
move to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Density

The sun effects the
density of water by
either changing it’s
temperature or
changing how much
salt is in it. If the
water gets cooler or
becomes saltier then
it becomes denser.
The closer the Earth
is to the Sun the more
it can effect it.
Risks From the Sinkage



There were 2,208 people
on board the Titanic –
Crew and passengers
1,496 people died either
from the initial crash or
the hypothermia from the
12-15 degrees F water
Out of the 712 who
survived many suffered
from severe hypothermia
from the freezing waters
and or frostbite on their
hands and nose from the
cold night air
People Dead
1,496
Survivors
712
Total People on 2,208
Boat
Predictability



Although there have been
very few ships sunk by
icebergs since the Titanic,
it is very common to see
ice fields in the North
Atlantic and Antarctic
Oceans.
Some icebergs can be up
to 250 feet high and 660
feet wide.
Icebergs make it very
difficult to sail in these
waters because about
only 1/7 of the iceberg is
above the surface.
MS Hans Hedtoft

The most recent iceberg
sinking in the North
Atlantic Ocean was the
MS Hans Hedtoft.
 The ship was a Danish
Liner that was sailing
back to Denmark from
Greenland on her maiden
voyage.
 She hit an iceberg on
January 30, 1959, 35
miles off of Greenland.
 All 40 crew members and
55 passengers died.
 The ships remains have
never been found.
The tip of Greenland where MS Hans
Hedtoft sank
MS Explorer

The MS Explorer is the most recent ship that has
sunk by an iceberg in the world
 The cruise liner hit an iceberg off the South
Shetland Islands in the Antarctic Ocean on
November 23, 2007.
All 154 people on
board were saved by
a nearby Norwegian
ship, the Nordnorge.
Forecasting
 There
is no way to forecast hitting an
iceberg. It is all a matter of being at the
right place at the wrong time. Also, an
unusually warm season causing more
icebergs to come adrift. But now that the
Ice Patrol is in effect and ships can warn
other ships about possible icebergs the
chances of hitting an iceberg can be
reduced.
One of Titanic’s Mysteries




Although, some people
say Morgan Robertson
predicted the Titanic’s
sinking in his book
Futility.
The book was
published in 1898, 14
years before the Titanic
sank.
As you can see there
are many similarities
between the two ships.
The question is, How?
Robertson's
Book
Actual
Titanic
Name
Titan
Titanic
Location
North Atlantic
North
Atlantic
Route
New York to
England
England to
New York
Causes
Iceberg
Collision,
Excessive
Speed and
too few
lifeboats
Iceberg
Collision,
Excessive
Speed and
Time
Night in April
April 14
11:40 pm
Called
Largest ship
afloat
Largest
ship afloat
too few
lifeboats
More Similarities
Robertson’s Book
Actual Titanic
Country
Length
Capacity
Britain
800 feet
About 3,000
Britain
882 feet
About 3,000
Top Speed
24 knots
24 knots
Number of
Propellers
Actual Number of
Passengers
Number of
Lifeboats
3
3
2,000
2,223
24
20
Area of Damage
Starboard Side
Forward
Starboard Side
Forward
Lifeboats

Many new precautionary systems were installed
after the Titanic sank. One of them being the
number of lifeboats ships were required to carry.
Most people say the Titanic's passengers could
have been saved if there were enough lifeboats
for everyone, but in fact the Titanic carried 20 life
boats, 4 more than Board of Trades required
British vessels to carry, 16. Today however ships
are required to carry enough lifeboats for
everyone on board.
 Also ships are required to give lifeboat drills in
case of emergency and lifeboat inspections.
Radio

After the Titanic sank the
Radio Act of 1912 was
passed. It stated that all
passenger ships
needed to have 24 hour
radio so other ships
could communicate at
all hours of the day.
Also it made ships
communicate with
nearby vessels and
onshore radio stations
so people knew of the
ships location.
Titanic’s Radio Room. Said to be
one of the only pictures of it.
International Ice Patrol


After the tragedy the
Titanic suffered from that
iceberg, the International
Ice Patrol was
established. The Patrol
monitors and reports
locations of icebergs all
over the North Atlantic
Ocean so Trans Atlantic
ships are aware of
icebergs in that area.
Also, after 1912 the flare
was to be distinguished
as a distress signal for
ships.
Redesigning Ships



After the Titanic sank
from having its
compartments filled with
water, ships design
changed.
Ships with double
bottoms hulls were
extended higher up to
make it a double hull.
Also, the height of the
bulkheads on ships was
raised so to make all
compartments watertight.
Reducing Risks

People can reduce actually sinking a ship by iceberg by
reducing the speed of a ship in an iceberg full area, the
International Ice Patrol, and being aware of their
surroundings.
 People can reduce the risks of hypothermia and death by
knowing where personal flotation devices are and putting
them on when your told.
 Once in the water keep as much of your body out of the water,
stay still unless something is nearby, huddle with others, keep
clothing on, and have a will to live.
Bibliography-Sites



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hedtoft_(ship)
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceberg
 http://www.enotes.com/science-fact-finder/earth/whatfraction-...
 http://www.lux-aeterna.co.nz/Titan.htm
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changes_in_safety_practices
_follo...
 http://seagrant.umn.edu/coastal_communities/hypotherm
ia
 http://www.eoearth.org/article/Atlantic_Ocean
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciers
 http://www.titanic-titanic.com/icebergs
 http://members.aol.com/ken63728/morgan.htm
 http://waterencyclopedia.com/Mi-Q/Ocean-Currents.html
Bibliography-Pictures











www.fortunecity.com
www.3info2u.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Ice_fields.jpg
www.godheadv.blogspot.co
m
www.adaweb.net
www.customcalm.com
www.skyscrapercity.com
www.modestoradiomuseum
.com
http://www.lusitania.net/lastr
estingplace.html
http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/ms_h
ans_hedtoft__tragedien_for
_50_aar_siden
http://www.nolimitsdiving.dk/
NLD/Default/main.htm











www.nationalpost.com
www.soletitbewrittensoletitbedone.
com
www.titanic-model.com
www.maritmequest.com
http://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/
artikkel.php?artid=186657
http://blog.whathappensnow.com/i
ndex.php/2007/05/22/get-readymonth-day-16-sos/
http://www.cuug.ab.ca/~branderr/ti
tanic/NDIA/03_bulkhead.html
http://flickr.com/photos/10643868
@N05/2122305355
http://www.schleswigholstein.de/Wirtschaft/EN/Busines
sland/archive/issue02_2007/article
s/coverStory_maritimeEconomy.ht
ml
http://www.newwinechurch.com/20
10/02/sunday-14th-february/salt/
http://fany.saving.net/tag/greatconveyor-belt/