Name
Notes 8.1
Date Class
Pages 264-273
A. What are protists?
1. A protists is a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms that have a membrane-bound _nucleus_.
2. Most protists reproduce asexually and produce genetically identical offspring. Some can reproduce sexually as well.
3.
Protists are extremely diverse and have a variety of adaptations for movement and finding food.
4.
Most are unicellualr , but some, like algae, are multicellular.
5.
Protists share characteristics with plants, animals and fungi, but are not classified as any of these groups. They are classified by how they obtain _food .
B. Plantlike Protists
1. They produce food through a process called _photosynthesis_, which takes place in their
__chloroplasts_. Almost all live in _water__ or moist surroundings.
2.
Algae are plant-like protists that perform photosynthesis. They can be either unicellular or multicellular. Algae come in many colors depending on their pigment.
3. A diatom is a microscopic plantlike protist that has a hard outer wall.
4. A dinoflagellate is a unicellular plantlike protist that has flagella_, which are whip-like parts that enable it to move.
5. A Euglenoid is a unicellular plant-like protist that has a _ flagellum at one end of its body for movement. It has no cell wall. Instead it has a rigid, rubbery coat called a pellicle__.
C. The Importance of Algae
1. Algae provide food for animals and animal-like protists. They also provide shelter for small organisms that become food for otters and seals.
2.
Instead of roots, algae use _ holdfasts _ to attach themselves to rocks.
3. Algae can be toxic when they reproduce quickly in a Red Tide.

D. Animal-like Protists
1. Protozoans are protists that resemble tiny animals. They are usually microscopic, and all are unicellular .
2. Cilia are short, hair-like structures that some protists use to move & feed.
3. Protists with cilia are called _ Ciliates _. They reproduce asexually, but can use
_ conjugation _ to exchange genetic material.
Paramecium
4. A Paramecium is a protist with cilia and _ 2 _ nuclei. Paramecium use cilia to move & sweep food into their oral groove.
5. Flagellates are a type of protozoa that have flagella similar to those of dinoflagellates.
6. _ Sarcodines _ are animal-like protists with no specific shape.
An amoeba _ is a Sarcodine.
7. An amoeba moves and eats with pseudopods .
It pushes part of its body outward to form a fasle _ “foot.” Pseudopods are formed by pushing their cytoplasm against the flexible cell membrane.
8.
Pseudopods wrap around and engulf food then forms a food vacuole.
9.
Amoeba live in all types of water; some are even parasites. They
use a contractive vacuole to rids their cell of excess _ water _.
E. The Importance of Protozoans
1. Many protozoans decompose dead animals and plants.
2. Some protozoans are parasites that cause disease.
Malaria is a serious illness caused by protozoan plasmodia.
F. Fungus-like Protists
1. The body of a__ slime mold is composed of cell material and nuclei floating in a slimy mass.
2. Water molds are fungus-like protists that live as parasites , or feed on dead organisms.
G. Importance of Fungus-like Protists
1. Fungus-like protists play a valuable role in the ecosystem by breaking down dead plants and animals . They help make nutrients available for other living things.
2. Water mold destroyed more than half of Ireland’s potato crop.