2012-2014
CULTURAL BRIDGES TO THE
FUTURE
GÜLBAĞ SELIM SIRRI TARCAN
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ISTANBUL,TURKEY
Presented by
School Counsellor Betül Tanacıoglu
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Presentation Outline:
• Principles regulating the education system
• Structure of Education System
Formal and Non-formal education
• Purposes and education sytem of schools in
Turkey
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
PRINCIPLES REGULATING THE EDUCATION
SYSTEM
The Turkish education system is organized on the
basis of;
- Constitution of the Turkish Republic
- Laws Regulating Education and Instruction
- Government Programs
- Development Plans
- National Education Councils
- Education for all citizens without any discrimination for
gender, identity, nationality, religious beliefs, race etc.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
General Structure of Turkish National Education
System
Turkish National Education System has two main
parts:
1. Formal Education
2. Non-formal Education
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
1. Formal education: It is regular education provided in
formal schools with programs prepared for defined
purposes.
In Turkish National Education System, formal education
consists of these parts:
• Pre-Schools
• Primary Schools
• Secondary Schools
• High Schools
• Universities (undergraduate and graduate programs)
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
2. Non- formal education:
Purposes of Non-formal education:
• to teach reading-writing,
• to provide continuing education opportunities for students to finish their
incomplete education
• to provide education opportunities that shall facilitate the students'
adaptation to scientific, technologic, economic, social and cultural
developments
• to teach people from various professions, the knowledge and skills they
need to improve themselves
• to provide the habit of using one's free time in a useful way
Tools used for non-formal education are:
•
•
•
Public Training
Apprenticeship Education
Distance Education
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
• Formal Education system is centralized-in every
grade lessons, books, elective courses etc. are
decided by the ministry of education.
• Compulsory education is 12 years
(4+4+4) since this year (2012).
• Preschool education is still optional.
• Language of instruction is Turkish.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Preschool in Turkey
• For children who are between 37 and 66 months of age
• Children spend 4 hours in the schools.
Purposes of preschool :
– to ensure physical, mental and sensory development of
children and the acquisition of good habits,
– to prepare children for primary education,
– to create a common atmosphere of growth for those
living in inconvenient circumstances
– to ensure that Turkish is spoken correct and well.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Primary school in Turkey (1-2-3 and 4rd grades)
• Children who are older than 66 months are
registered
for the nearest school to their home by the help of
e-school which is used for the registration of students,
for the information about students like their grades, or
their absenteeism, demographic information etc.
• For the registration of children who are between 61
and 66 months of age, the consent of their parents is
necessary.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Types of Primary Schools:
• Public Primary Schools
• Regional Boarding Primary Schools
• Primary schools for the Hearing-Impaired
• Primary schools for the Visually-Impaired
• Primary schools for the Orthopedically Disabled
• Primary schools for the Mentally Retarded
• Private Turkish, Foreign, Minority, International
Primary schools
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Secondary Schools in Turkey (5-6-7 and 8th grades)
• Registration for secondary school is done
automatically by the help of e-school.
• In secondary school, students began to take
elective courses like creative drama activities,
advanced mathematic, computer and information
technologies, art history, science of space.
Students can choose their elective courses freely.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
The secondary education program includes:
Turkish language and literature, mathematics,
social studies, science, civics and human rights,
the history of the Turkish Republic and
Atatürk's reforms, a foreign language (English,
French or German), individual and group
activities, religious culture and ethics,
art/handicraft, music, physical education, traffic
safety and first aid,ICT (information and
computer technologies) career guidance, and
elective courses.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
• After secondary school, students take an
achievement test. Students are placed in to
the schools according to grades they take and
the choices they make.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
• High school is 4 years. For the high school, there are
many choices a students have;
o High schools of science
In these schools, science lessons are the majority and students
who get their high school diplomas from these schools
continue their university at the departments of engineering,
medicine, architecture etc.
o Anatolian High schools
In these schools, students make another choice at the end of
the 9th grade to specialize in an area like foreign languages,
natural and applied science, Turkish and mathematics or social
sciences.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
o Vocational High schols:
Health vocational high school: It includes
departments like nursing, anesthesia,
emergency maintenance technician, medical
secretary and so on. Students can find jobs after
high school. Also, they have the chance to
complete their undergraduate without taking
university entrance exam.
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
Other types of high schools in Turkey:
• Fine Arts schools
• Teacher training schools
• Vocational and Technical High schools
• Vocational schools for industry
• Technical schools
• Vocational schools for girls
• Technical schools for girls
• Religious high schools
STUDENTS’ GUIDANCE AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
PROCESS
???
ACADEMIC
EDUCATION
VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION
9 th
GRADE
9 th
GRADE
ACADEMIC EDUCATION IN GENERAL
HIGH SCHOOLS (High schools of
science, Anatolian high schools etc.)
TRAINING
IN JOB
TRAINING IN
CHOSEN
OCCUPATION
TRAINING IN
OCCUPATION
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
UNIVERSITIES AND HIGHER EDUCATION
• After high school, students take another examuniversity entrance exam by which students are
evaluated on the basis of mathematics, Turkish,
science lessons, history and geography.
• There are 168 universities-103 government
universities and 65 private universities
EDUCATION SYSTEM OF TURKEY
ONGOING STUDIES IN TURKISH NATIONAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM
• Updating the curricula
• Increasing schooling rate
• Providing additional
facilities
• Using Information and
Communication Technologies
• Improvement of teachers’
qualities and status
• Effective counselling and
guidance services
For more information about Education System of
Turkey, you can check the website
http://www.meb.gov.tr