CLE III
A priori – multum in parvo
A priori/ a posteriori
Prior to / afterward
 Types of knowledge: gained before an
experience or through logic/gained after
gathering knowledge

Achates

Fidus Achates
Achates

Fidus Achates –
faithful Achates,
companion to
Aeneas on his
journeys, helps
him scout out
Carthage. Only
one line is
devoted to him in
the Aeneid.
Ad valorem

According to value (tax)
Aeschylus
Aeschylus
1 of 3 Greek tragedians whose work
survives (Sophocles & Euripides)
 525-456 BCE
 Orestia the only complete Greek trilogy
to survive (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers,
The Eumenides)
 Agamemnon, King of Argos, sacrificed
daughter, Iphigenia, at the outset of the
war between Greeks and Trojans.

Aeschylus
1.
Clytemnestra, angered about Iphigenia
and Trojan mistress Cassandra, murders
husband and mistress.
2.
Orestes, his son, eventually avenges
father’s death, killing mother and her
lover.
Ajax
Strongest of the Greeks, second only to
Achilles in battle
 5 inch wide kneecap (Pausanius)

Alcibiades
Athenian statesman, orator, general,
b. 450 BCE, led Sicilian Expedition,
hopes of enriching Athens, imposing
rule on Syracuse. Accused of
profaning statues of Hermes and the
Eleusinan Mysteries and ultimately
command fell into the hands of
Nicias. Expedition failed.
Anchises

Father of Aeneas
Annuit coeptis

He approves of our undertakings
Antigone
Daughter of Jocasta and Oedipus
 Wants to bury the body of Polyneikes,
and does, but that makes Creon mad…

arete
Arhth
 Strength in face
of adversity, skill,
excellence
 Jamb statue at
library of
Ephesus (with
Sophia)

Aristophanes
Greatest Greek comic, 5th cent. BC
 Frogs (Euripides),Wasps (deterioration of Athens),
Clouds (Socrates), Lysistrata (pacifism during the
Pelopponnesian Wars – Athenian women tire of
losing sons on battlefield and deny husbands
marital rights until they make peace with Sparta)

Aristotle





Ethics, Physics, Metaphysics (thoughts on divine reality
formulated after his treatise on nature/physics)
Dialectic – a conclusion follows from a premise
Constitution of the Athenians
Aquinas (1220s CE) and Aristotle both believed one had to
live a moral, flourishing life to be happy
Aquinas did not believe reason was the only path to God like
Aristotle
Aristotle (right)
believed sense
experience was
the source of
all knowledge.
Plato (left)
believed
material world
was just a copy
of the real
world. His
metaphysics =
Socrates’
division of
reality into
material vs.
spiritual.
Arma togae cedant


Arms fall to the toga
Triumph of diplomacy and delicate
sensibilities over force
Atilla
Great horsemaster
 Chalons, 451

B.A.

Baccalaureus artium
b.i.d./t.i.d.
Bis/ter in die
 Two/three times a day

Cadmus
Founder of Thebes, alphabet
 Cow, Dragon

Carthago delenda est
Carthage must be destroyed
 Cato the Elder

Cato the Elder

Various writings about farming
Catullus
Latin lyric
 Lesbia (Clodia)
 Dies at 32

Ceteris paribus
With other things the same
 All else being equal

Cicero
Citius, altius, fortius

Faster, higher, stronger
Claudius
Calligula and Nero
 Britian
 Claudian Letters?
 I, Claudius Robert Graves

Cleobis and
Biton
Code of Justinian
THE codification of Roman law
 Corpus juris civilis

Codex

A book (block) format, as opposed to a
scroll
Corinthian

Also it can
mean
libertine
Croesus
King of Lydia
 Happiness in Herodotus

De gustibus non disputandum est

There is no disputing about tastes
De rerum natura
Lucretius
 The Epicurean condition

Delian League
Athenian Confederacy
 Treasury at Delos…until 454

Democritus
The laughing philosopher, 460 BC
 Espoused value of cheerfulness
 Atomist – nature is made of atoms

Deo volente

God (being) willing
Dido
Founder and Queen of Carthage
 Tyre, Anna, Sycheaus, Pygmalion, Aeneas

Dies irae
Day of Wrath
 13th century choral Latin
 Typical section of requia

Doric

Style, also
refers to
the
southern
Greeks
Dulce et decorum est pro patria
mori
It is sweet and fitting to die for one’s
country…
 But sweeter still to live and sweetest of
all to drink to it.
 Owen

elegiac
A couplet of two lines of dactylic
hexameter
 7th c BC
 Relating to an elegy, somethimes sorrow
for something past.
 Ovid, Ars Amatoria, Amores

Eleusinian mysteries
Every fall
 Commemoration of the Rape
of Persephone
 mysteries or musteriai, from
mustes – an initiate
 Rebirth after death – pigs and
cursing

encomium


Tribute, glowing and enthusiastic praise
egkwmion
epicureanism
Lucretius
 Horace
 Ataraxia and aponia – peace and
fearlessness

Eris

Goddess of discord
Esse quam videri
To be rather than to seem
 North Carolina

Euclid
Elements
 Father of geometry

Euripides
Bacchae
 Trojan Women
 Electra
 Psychology of
the individual

Ex Cathedra
From the bishop’s chair
 Papal Infallibility

exordium
The introduction or beginning of
introduction in classical rhetoric
 “An exordium is a passage which brings
the mind of the auditor into a proper
condition to receive the rest of the
speech. This is accomplished if he
becomes well-disposed, attentive, and
receptive.”
(Cicero)

felicity

happiness
Fl./flourit

He flourished
Flagrante delicto

In the blazing misdeed
Four causes of Aristotle
Material, formal,
efficient, and final
 Substance, type
of thing, maker,
end product or
purpose or goal.
 Means of
description

Four elements

The Classical Elements: air, fire, earth,
water
Gallia est ominis divisa in partes
tres
Gates of horn and ivory
Gates at the exit of the Underworld
 play upon the words κέρας, "horn", and
κραίνω, "fulfil", and upon ἐλέφας, "ivory",
and ἐλεφαίρομαι, "deceive"

Gnothi se auton

Know thyself
halcyon
Alcyone an Ceyx:
Ceyx is drowned by
Zeus, he appears in a
dream to tell Alcyone
who then tries to
drown herself.
 The gods turn them
both into kingfishers.
 Halcyon Days are the
week in winter with
no storm

Hapax legomenon
A word, or form, that occurs just once in
the history of a language
 Emirabitur, in the Pyrrha Ode

Heraclitus
The Weeping
Philosopher
 Changer: you
cannot step
into the same
river twice.
 Unity of
opposites

Herodotus

Histories
Hesiod
Works and Days
 Theogony

Horace

Quintus Horatius Flaccus
Infra dignitatem

Beneath one’s dignity
Ionic
Ipse dixit
He said it himself
 An unproven assertion claimed to be
authoritative

Julio-Claudians
Imperial family of
Augustus
 Tiberius, Caligula,
Claudius, Nero

lacuna

A missing section, usually in a manuscript,
but any sort of gap.
Laocoon
Lesbia
Catullus’ inspiration
 Sappho

libation
Liquid offering
 patera

Liberal arts
Pursuits of a free man
 Trivium: grammar, logic, and rhetoric
 Quadrivium: arithmetic, astronomy, music,
geometry

litotes
Understatement
 He was not a little excited about the
biscuits.

Livia – wife of Augustus
Livy
Ab Urbe Condita
 59 BCE – 17 CE
 Advisor to Augustus’s
grandnephew, the
future emperor,
Claudius

logos
Word
 Logic
 Uses in
Christian,
Sufi, and
Jungian
thought.

Lucretia
wife of
Collatinus,
future
junior
consul
 End of the
Monarchy

Lucretius
De rerum natura
 Atomism, Epicurean explanation of the
cosmos
 Dactylic hexameter

Lyceum

School of Aristotle in Athens
Lycurgus
Legendary lawgiver of Sparta
 Virtues of equality among citizenry, military fitness, austerity
 800-730? BCE

M.A.

Magister artium, derived from the licentia
docendi from the Sorbonne
M.O.
Modus operandi
 Method of operating

Maecenas
Political advisor,
friend, ally to
Octavian(Augustus)
 A culture minister of
sorts to Augustus
 Patron of many
Augustan poets like
Horace

Marcus Aurelius
161-180 CE
 last of the “5 Good
Emperors”
 Stoic philosopher,
Meditations, a
monument to the
philosophy of service
and duty; how to stay
level in the midst of
conflict by looking
towards nature

Martial
Epigrams, 12 books,
published in Rome
86-103 (Domitian,
Nerva, Trajan)
 Satirized city life and
the activities of his
acquaintances
 From Spain
 Father of modern
epigram

Memento mori

Remember to die
Messianic eclogue

Next, when now the strength of the years has
made thee man, even the trader shall quit the sea,
nor shall the ship of pine exchange wares; every
land shall bear all fruits. The earth shall not feel
the harrow, nor the vine the pruning hook; the
sturdy ploughman, too, shall now loose his oxen
from the yoke. Wool shall no more learn to
counterfeit varied hues, but of himself the ram in
the meadows shall change his fleece, now to
sweetly blushing purple, now to saffron yellow; of
its own shall scarlet clothe the grazing lamb.
mimesis
Imitation or simulated representation
 Art is an imitation of nature as we write
or philosophize to imitate reality.

Mirabile dictu

Wonderful to tell
Modus vivendi
Mode of living (together)
 Agreeing to disagree
 Precursors to treaties or accords

Multum in parvo


Much in little
MIPmap