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Poor prenatal care: fetus can be at risk of having learning disabilities and a lower IQ
Malnutrition
20 points is the average gap b/w severely malnourished and well-nourished children
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Exposure to toxins lead can damage the nervous system….attention issues…lower IQ score
Stressful family circumstances history of mental illness stressful events during early years of life absent father
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Interesting stats.:
Asian children outperformed American children on a broad battery of mathematical tests
Similar gap existed between Chinese and
American children on reading tests
Why is there a gap?
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Attitudes, expectations, and efforts
Beliefs: Americans are more likely to believe that mathematical ability is innate . Japanese teachers and students disagree.
Standards: Americans have far lower standards for children’s performance.
Values: American students do not value education as much as Asian students do.
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A burden of doubt a person feels about his or her performance, DUE to negative stereotypes about his or her group’s abilities.
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Ways to reduce the threat? Provide the child with positive role models.
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90 points possible
35 multiple choice selections
4 written responses (less than a paragraph)
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Elements of cognition: concepts, propositions, cognitive schema.
Quasi-thinkers, reflective thinkers, dialectical thinkers.
Alfred Binet vs. Lewis Terman views on
Intelligence
Reasons why the IQ test became popular in
America
Original IQ formula
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David Wechsler’s version of the IQ test
Robert Sternberg’s theory
Howard Gardener's theory
Different cognitive strategies for problem solving i.e. Heuristics
Creativity, convergent vs. divergent thinkers
Five components of highly creative people
Social and environmental factors that contribute to lower IQs.
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Four written questions, below are two of the questions:
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1. What is Savant Syndrome? (2.5pts)
Explain why this syndrome could be used as support for Howard Gardner’s Multiple
Intelligence Theory (2.5 pts) Total/5 pts
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2. Why did Binet develop the intelligence test for France (your answer should include his opinion of how intelligence develops in a child and how he wanted his test to be
used by the government). 5 points
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Only 4% of the Chinese children and 10% of the
Japanese children had scores as low as the average
American child!
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Humans are the only species that evolved with the natural ability to express and comprehend an infinite number of novel utterances.
15

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Study of animal behavior
Animals do not possess metacognition
Animals rely on instinct.
There are some amazing behaviors that animals engage in that excites researchers:
Kanzi (Wade and Tavris pg. 219)
Dolphins (Wade and Tavris pg. 219)
Alex (Wade and Tavris pg. 219)
Sultan (Wade and Tavris pg. 217)
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