015 BIRTH OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
• Machine Age
– Machine tamed, adapted to everyday life
– Machine worship
• Materials
– Visual aesthetic – machine housings
– “House is a machine for living in”
• Modernist Doctrine
– Mechanomorphic architecture = Man’s salvation
– Embodied revolution
– Models: Architecture as sculpture, Architecture as painting
19TH CENTURY FORERUNNERS
• Viollet – Le – Duc
– Intellectual, artistic
– Rebellious, refused Beaux-artes study
– Rationalist architecture
• William Morris
– Reformist, moral passion
– Anti-industrialist and anti-historical
– Emphasized craftsmanship
• Red House, 1859, designed by Philip Webb
• ENGLISH DOMESTIC REVIVAL: 1870 – 1900
•
•
•
•
Based on small cottages, agrarian and modest monastic buildings
Informal and asymmetrical – comfortable
Exuded English tradition
Based on 16yh and 17th century England
– Old English – Rustic
• Richard Norman Shaw
– Leyswood, Sussex, England 1868
» Picturesque, saddle roofs, chimney stacks
» Studied composition with rhythms, asymmetries.
– Queen Anne – Formal
• Shaw’s House - 1874
• Houses at Shackleford – 1897
– Charles Voysey
LEYSWOOD 1868
BEDFORD PARK HOUSE - QUEEN ANNE
The Orchard
Charles Voysey
• Shingle Style U.S.
– Blending of Queen Anne and Old English
– Desire to retreat to non-industrial setting
– Wood framing with more freedom in plan, mass and
decoration
– Wooden shingles, traditional American material
• McKim, Mead, and White
– Newcomb House – 1880
– William G. Low House - 1887
• Peabody and Stearns
– Kragsyde
• Henry Hobson Richardson
– Trained at Ecole des Beaux-Artes
– Last great traditional architect
– Noted for stone construction design
• Stoughton House 1882
• Richardsonian Romanesque
– Rustication, rounded arches, and colonnettes
• Trinity Church, Boston 1873
• Marshall Field Warehouse, Chicago 1885