VY_32_INOVACE_18_01
Škola
Střední průmyslová škola Zlín
Název projektu, reg. č.
Inovace výuky prostřednictvím ICT v SPŠ Zlín, CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0333
Vzdělávací oblast
Jazykové vzdělávání a komunikace
Vzdělávací obor
Anglický jazyk
Tematický okruh
Architecture
Téma
Architecture
Tematická oblast
Architecture
Název
Types of houses
Autor
Mgr. Jitka Javorová
Vytvořeno, pro obor, ročník
Stavebnictví, 2.ročník
Anotace
Prezentace – Architecture
Přínos/cílové kompetence
Rozšíření učiva učebnice Opportunities, M 16, Architecture
www.zlinskedumy.cz
Types of houses
To revise some expressions
• A single-family detached home, also called a singledetached dwelling or separate house is a free-standing
residential building.
• It is defined in opposition to a multi-family dwelling.
Detached House
• Advantages are that the entire space around the building is private to
the owner and family, and in most cases (depending on
national/federal, state/provincial, and local laws), one can add on to
the existing house if more room is needed, and they typically have no
property management fees such as the ones associated with
condominiums and townhomes.
• Disadvantages are that all maintenance and repair costs--interior,
exterior, and everything in between--are at the owner's expense.
Amenities such as pools and playgrounds are usually absent, unless
built at private expense, or if a municipal playground is available.
Some single-detached homes do have these features within the lot or
nearby, given that their owners pay a homeowners fee similar to
those in condos or townhomes. Landscaping and lawn upkeep costs
are at the owner's expense
Pros and cons
• Semi-detached housing (often abbreviated to semi in
the UK, Canada and Australia, as in "three-bedroom
semi", and occasionally referred to as se-tenant
houses) consists of pairs of houses built side by side as
units sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that
each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin. This
style of housing, although built throughout the world, is
commonly seen as particularly symbolic of
the suburbanisation of the United Kingdom and Ireland,
or post-war homes in Central Canada.
Semi-detached house
• n architecture and city planning, a terrace(d)
house, terrace, row house, linked
house or townhouse (though the last term can also refer
to patio houses) is a style of medium-density housing that
originated in Europe in the 16th century, where a row of
identical or mirror-image houses share side walls.
The Place des Vosges in Paris (1605–1612) is one of the
early examples of the style. The first and last of these
houses is called an end terrace, and is often a different
layout from the houses in the middle
Terraced house
Working-class terraced houses in Pakenham Street, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 1981, with
windows and doors of unoccupied houses bricked-up to deter vandals. The houses have
since been fully restored
Royal Crescent, Bath (1767-1777)
London
Row houses in
alternating cream,
yellow, and gray brick,
in Bushwick,
Brooklyn
Haight Ashbury, San Francisco
• A bungalow is a type of house, with varying meanings across
the world. Common features to many bungalows include
being detached, low-rise (single storey or one-and-ahalf storeys), and the use of verandahs. In Australia,
the California bungalow was popular after the First World War.
In Britain and North America a bungalow today is a residential
house, normally detached, which is either single storey, or has
a second storey built into a sloping roof, usually with dormer
windows ("one and a half storeys"). Full vertical walls are
therefore only seen on one storey, at least on the front and rear
elevations. Usually the houses are relatively small, especially
from recent decades, though early examples may be large, in
which case the term bungalow tends not to be used today.
Bungalow
One-story bungalow with painted trim, earth-tone shingles.
• A villa was originally an ancient Roman upper-class country
house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and
function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of
the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds,
which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes
transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. Then they
gradually re-evolved through theMiddle Ages, into elegant
upper-class country homes. In modern parlance 'villa' can refer
to a various types and sizes of residences, ranging from
the suburban "semi-detached" double villa to residences in
the wildland-urban interface.
Villa
The Villa Medici in Fiesole with
early terraced hillsidelandscape:
by Leon Battista Alberti
• A chalet /ˈʃæleɪ/, also called Swiss chalet, is a type of
building or house, native to the Alpine region in Europe,
made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof with
wide, well-supported eaves set at right angles to the front
of the house.[1]
Chalet
• In modern usage, a cottage is usually a modest, often cosy dwelling,
typically in a rural or semi-rural location. However there are cottagestyle dwellings in cities, and in places such as Canada the term exists
with no connotations of size at all (cf. vicarage or hermitage). In
the United Kingdom the term cottage also tends to denote rural
dwellings of traditional build, although it can also be applied to
dwellings of modern construction which are designed to resemble
traditional ones ("mock cottages")
• In certain places (e.g. Scandinavia, Baltics, and Russia) the term
"cottage" has local synonyms (in Finnish mökki; in Estonian suvila;
in Swedish stuga; in Norwegian hytte [from the German word Hütte],
in Russian дача (dacha)) and can refer to a vacation/summer home,
often located near a body of water. In the USA generally this is more
commonly called a "cabin", "chalet", or even "camp".
Cottage
Traditional Irish cottage (with non-traditional garden plants)
in County Donegal, Ireland.
Duck Island Cottage, St. James's Park, London.
• A mansion is a large dwelling house.
• The word itself derives (through Old French) from
the Latin word mansio "dwelling", an abstract noun
derived from the verb manere "to dwell".
TheEnglish word "manse" originally defined a property
large enough for the parish priest to maintain himself, but
a mansion is no longer self-sustaining in this way
(compare a Roman or medieval villa). 'Manor' comes
from the same root— territorial holdings granted to a lord
who would remain there— hence it is easy to see how the
word 'Mansion' came to have its meaning.
Mansion
Harlaxton Manor, England, a 19thcentury meeting of Renaissance, Tudor
and Gothic architecture
produced Jacobethan - a popular form
of historicist mansion architecture.
• A log cabin is a house built from logs. It is a fairly simple
type of log house. A distinction should be drawn between
the traditional meanings of "log cabin" and "log house."
Historically most "log cabins" were a simple one- or 1½story structures, somewhat impermanent, and less
finished or less architecturally sophisticated than a proper
log house. A "log cabin" was usually constructed with
round rather than hewn, or hand-worked, logs, and often
it was the first generation home building erected quickly
for frontier shelter.[1]
Cabin
Log cabins in the open air Norwegian Museum of Cultural
History in Bygdøy, Oslo
The cabin where Le Corbusier spent his last years
in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin
• A loft can be an upper storey or attic in a building,
directly under the roof. Alternatively, a loft
apartment refers to large adaptable open space,
often converted for residential use (a converted loft)
from some other use, often light industrial. Adding to the
confusion, some converted lofts include upper open loft
areas. Within certain upper loft areas exist even further
lofts.
Loft
A former warehouse for printing presses
converted to a loft apartment on Chicago's Near
West Side.
• An attic is a space found directly below the pitched roof of a house or other
building (also called garret, loft or sky parlor). Attic is generally the North
American English term for it.[1] As attics fill the space between the ceiling of the
top floor of a building and the slanted roof, they are known for being awkwardly
shaped spaces with exposed rafters and difficult-to-reach corners. While some
attics are converted into bedroomsor home offices, complete
with windows and staircases, most attics remain hard to reach and neglected, and
are typically used for storage. It is a word ultimately derived from
the Attica region around Athens, Greece (via Attic style architecture).
• Attics can also help control temperature in a house by providing a large mass of
slowly moving air. Hot air rising from lower floors of a building often gets
retained in the attic, further compounding their reputation as inhospitable
environments. However, in recent years many attics have been insulated to help
decrease heating costs since on average, uninsulated attics account for 15% of the
total energy loss in a typical house.[2]
Attic
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraced_house
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-detached
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singlefamily_detached_home
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attic-roof-DE-0a.jpg
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loft
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungalow
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalet
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa