The
Cardiovascular
System
By Victor Ruiz, Angelica
Cain, and Jonathon Ford
Structure of the System
 Heart
 Lungs
 Arteries
 Veins
 Arterioles
 Venules
 Capillaries
Functions of the
Cardiovascular System
 Transportation
 Blood
of blood.
supply
 Enriching
blood cells with oxygen
Structures of the Heart
 (insert
diagram here)
Functions of the Heart




Pericardium - encloses the heart and the
proximal ends of the large blood vessels.
Epicardium - protects the heart by reducing
friction.
Myocardium – cardiac muscle tissue richly
supplied with blood and lymph capillaries and
nerve fibers.
Endocardium – consists of epithelium and
connective tissue that contains many elastic
and collagenous fibers.
Functions of the Heart
 The
heart is divided into four hollow
chambers. Two on the left and two on the
right.
 Atria – The upper chambers that receive
blood returning to the heart.
 Ventricles – Lower chambers, receive
blood from the atria and contract to
force blood out of the heart into arteries.
Functions of the Heart




Septum – Separates the atrium and ventricle.
Tricuspid valve – permits blood to move from
the right atrium into the right ventricle and
prevents backflow.
Mitral valve(bicuspid valve) – blood passes
through this
Pulmonary valve – Allows blood to leave the
right ventricle and prevents backflow into the
ventricular chamber.
Functions of the Heart
 Papillary
muscles – contracts when
ventricles contracts.
 Aorta – Large artery
 Aortic valve – opens and allows blood to
leave the left ventricle as it contracts.
Pathway of blood
Circulations
Major Organs of the
Cardiovascular System
 Arteries
 Veins
 Arterioles
 Venules
 Capillaries
Arteries
 Are
blood vessels carrying blood away
from the heart.
 Normally oxygenated blood.
 More muscular than veins
Veins
 Are
blood vessels that carry blood
towards the heart.
 Deoxygenated blood
 Often closer to the skin and contain
valves to keep blood flowing.
Arterioles, Venules, Capillaries

Arterioles


Venules


Connects arteries to a capillary to help control
blood flow into a capillary.
Connects a capillary to a vein
Capillaries

Provides a membrane through which nutrients,
gases, and wastes are exchanged between the
blood and tissue fluid. Also connects an arteriole
to a venule.
Heart Sounds
 Lubb
dupp lubb dupp lubb dupp
 These are the sounds that the heart
makes
 Lubb – occurs during ventricular
contraction.
 Dupp – occurs during ventricular
relaxation
Blood Components




Plasma (clear extracellular fluid)
Formed Elements, which are made up of the
blood cells and platelets.
Platelets – involved in hemostasis
and formation of blood clots.
White blood cells – involved in
defending the body

Red blood cells


Bright red – Oxygenated
Dark red – Deoxygenated
 Plasma
55%
 45%
Formed
Elements
Functions of Blood

Transport






Protection




Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide)
Nutrients
Waste
Hormones
Heat
White Blood Cells destroy invading microorganisms
Antibodies destroy pathogenic substances
Platelet initiates blood clotting minimizing blood loss
Regulation

Blood regulates water balance
Blood Types
 Antigens


(Antibody Generator)
Starts the production of one or more
antibodies.
Immune system will destroy or neutralize any
antigen that is foreign to the body.
 Antibodies

Used by immune system to identify and
neutralize bacteria and viruses.
Blood Types
 Rh




Factor
+ Has the D antigen
- Does not have the D antigen
1 one of the thirty current human blood
group systems
It is the most likely to provoke an immune
system response
Blood Types
 A+



1 A antigen
1 B Antibody
Has the D antigen
Blood Types
 B+



1 B Antigen
1 A Antibody
Has the D antigen
Blood Types
 AB+



Has both A and B antigens
No Antibodies
Has the D antigen
Blood Types
 O+



Has no A or B Antigens
Has both A and B antibodies
Has the D antigen
Blood Types
 A


1 A antigen
1 B Antibody
Has no D antigen
Blood Types
 B


1 B Antigen
1 A Antibody
Has no D antigen
Blood Types
 AB


Has both A and B antigens
No Antibodies
Has no D Antigen
Blood Types
 O


Has no A or B Antigens
Has both A and B antibodies
Has no D antigen
Blood Transfusion
Lipoproteins



A biochemical containing proteins and lipids.
Transports lipids through the bloodstream
Classified by density.

Chylomicrons carry fat from intestines to liver, skeletal muscle and
adipose tissue.

VLDL (Very-low-density lipoproteins) carry triglycerides from the liver
to adipose tissue

IDL (Intermediate-density lipoproteins) are intermediate between
VLDL and LDL.

LDL (Low-density lipoproteins) carries cholesterol from liver to cells of
the body

HDL (High-density lipoproteins) collect cholesterol from the body’s
tissues and to the liver.
Diseases/Disorders
 Sickle-Cell

Autosomal Recessive Genetic Blood
Disorder
 Red
Blood cells have an abnormal sickle
shape. Decreases Cells’ flexibility.
 Resulting in

Strokes, Decreased immune system reaction,
blindness, silent stroke, Chronic pain.
 Life
expectancy 42-48
Diseases/Disorders
 Atherosclerosis

The artery wall thickens as a result of
the accumulation of fatty materials
such as cholesterol and triglyceride.
 Healthy
diet
 Exercise
 Avoid
Smoking
The End!
Thank you for listening!