CHAPTER 2: EUROPE
LOOKS OUTWARD
DO NOW: PG 34, READ AS CLASS.
PRIMARY SOURCE/ MAIN IDEA
MAIN IDEA
• What route did Portugal take to obtaining Asian
goods and why did they seek a sea route? Why did
Columbus go west and why was his voyage west
important?
HUMAN GRAPH
1. Christopher Columbus was the first European to
discover America.
HUMAN GRAPH
• Christopher Columbus is a hero.
HUMAN GRAPH
• In the 1400s, most thought that the world was flat.
Columbus’ voyage proved otherwise.
THE SEARCH FOR NEW TRADE ROUTES
• As noted in 2.1, the crusades
(with people coming in
contact with one another)
created a desire for foreign
goods from Asia (silks, spices,
etc.)
• The land route to Asia took a
long time and was
dangerous, so new ship
routes were sought out to
make obtaining these goods
easier.
PORTUGAL: LEADER IN EXPLORATION
PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN
EXPLORATION
• Portugal’s Prince Henry the
Navigator
• 1420- Started a school of navigation in
Portugal
• Helped make accurate maps of routes
• Began trade with West and South
Africa (gold/ ivory)
• Began slave trade
• Began attempt to create sea route to
Asia (undiscovered)
PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN
EXPLORATION
• Bartholomeu Dias
• Portuguese
• 1487- Found the cape of
Africa. (the southern most
tip)
PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN
EXPLORATION
• Vasco de Gama
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Portuguese
Found a route around Africa
This route led to Asia
What advantage might this
have given the Portuguese?
•
PORTUGUESE PIONEERS IN
EXPLORATION
Alvarez Cabral
• Accidentally landed in Brazil
(was trying to duplicate de
Gama’s route.
• Claimed Brazil for Portugal
• They still speak Portuguese
today in Brazil
• After Brazil, he got back on
track, and started trading
with Asia by going around
Africa
• By duplicating this route,
Portugal had a reliable,
cheap way to bring goods
into Portugal to sell to the rest
of Europe.
• What was the importance of
de Gama and Cabral?
COLUMBUS
• Sailed for
Portugal at first
• Portugal was
happy with their
route to Asia
established by de
Gama (around
Africa)
• Columbus wanted
to find an even
faster route by
finding a route
west across the
Atlantic.
COLUMBUS’ WESTERN ROUTE THEORY
• Columbus was trying to find India via a Western
Route
• In the 1400s, most EDUCATED people believed the
world to be round. Most thought it possible to get
to India via a western route
• The controversy was over how long it would take to
traverse this western route, not if the earth was
round or flat.
• Columbus underestimated the size of the earth, and
indeed it took far longer than he had planned (and
he didn’t even land in India.)
COLUMBUS SHIFTS TO SPAIN
• Portugal was happy with
their route, so Columbus
decided to elicit support
from another sponsor.
• He approach Spain under
King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella.
• Spain had recently
defeated the Moors in
1492, a longtime foe.
• This victory let the Spanish
focus on other goals.
COLUMBUS SAILS FOR SPAIN
• Spanish accept
Columbus’ bid for two
reasons:
• Columbus promised to bring
Christianity to any lands
discovered (Spain and their
leaders were staunch
Catholics)
• Spain would become vastly
wealthy for being the first to
discover a western route
(THIS WAS A BIG GAMBLE)
EUROPEAN DISCOVERY OF AMERICA
• Was Columbus the first?
• Video
• Leif Erikson- Video
• The Vikings discovered
North America about
400-500 years before
Chris Columbus.
THE VIKINGS
WHY DOES COLUMBUS GET CREDIT?
• Columbus gets credit because he was the explorer
who initiated a wave of European colonization.
• What is colonization?
• Colonization- is the act of setting up a colony away from
one's place of origin.
• Colony-a body of people living in a new territory but
retaining ties with the parent state.
• A Colony’s purpose is to generate money for the mother
country via trade
• Boom Beach/ Clash of Clans example
• Gold, Elixir mines and drills
WHAT WAS COLUMBUS LOOKING FOR?
• Columbus was
looking for a
route to Asia,
specifically
India.
• Europe traded
with this region,
so Columbus
was looking for
a western trade
route.
COLUMBUS CONTROVERSY
• How do you think Native
Americans feel about Columbus?
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Transfer of ideas, people and products between
the hemispheres.
• Many changes were positive
• Europeans and Natives people traded livestock/ plants
• Many changes were negative
• Europeans brought germs to which Native Americans had
no immunity, or natural resistance.
• Native Americans died by the thousands and is considered
a genocide
SPAIN V. PORTUGAL IN THE NEW
WORLD
• Both Spain and Portugal were now in
the new world.
• They turned to the Pope to decide
how to split the lands
• The Pope created the “demarcation
line” which divided the lands in half
between the two nations
• Was this a good method?
OTHER NOTEWORTHY EXPLORERS
• Vasco de Balboa- Discovered
Pacific Ocean
• Amerigo Vespucci- Realized
this was a separate continent,
not Asia. (where the name
Americas comes from)
• Magellan- first
circumnavigation around the
world. (sailed all the way
around)
EXPLORATION SONG
• http://www.flocabulary.com/age-of-exploration/
CLOSURE:
• Tweet why you think Spain took the risk of sending
Columbus west.
• OR
• Tweet one thing you learned about Columbus
AGE OF EXPLORATION PROJECT
• You will work with a partner that is assigned to you.
With your partner, you will be assigned an explorer.
Your job is to become a master in learning about
this explorer so you can teach the class about
them. You will create a PowerPoint with the
following information.
• Slide 1- Name, country sailed for, year they sailed,
picture of their route, picture of their face
• Slide 2- What they are famous for, why they are
significant, picture of your choice
• Slide 3- Make a short poem or song about your
explorer
EXPLORERS
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Hernan Cortes
Fransisco Pizaro
Ferdinand Magellan
Vasco De Gama
Amerigo Vespucci
John Cabot
Henry Hudson
Samuel de Champlain
Juan Ponce de Leon
Leif Erikson
Vasco Nunez de Balboa