Period 1 HAP
GI NA KIM, JENNA OAK &
SALONI SAXENA
Function
 The endocrine system
 Extracellular communication
 Uses chemicals (hormones) to regulate body functions
Glands
Hypothalamus Gland
Thymus Gland
Location
•
Thymus gland- behind your sternum and between your lungs
•
Hypothalamus gland - In the middle of the base of the brain
and encapsulates the ventral portion of the third ventricle
Roles
 Thymus gland

It ensures that the body is able to distinguish disease organisms
from body tissues
 Hypothalamus Gland


Control center for many autonomic functions of the
peripheral nervous system
Plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis
Hormones
Thymus:
1. Thymosin
2. Thymopoietin
Hypothalamus:
1. Dopamine
2. Somatostatin
Thymosin and Thymopoietin
 Thymosin

Correct immunological deficiencies
 Thymopoietin

Induces differentiation of precursor lymphocytes in
thymocytes
Dopamine
Function- inhibit the release of prolactin (PRL) from the
pituitary

Prolactin- helps for the preparation of breast for milk production
during pregnancy
Somatostatin


Secreted by the cells in the pancreas and intestines
Mixture of 2 peptides
 Inhibits the release of growth hormones

Supports body growth by
 Binding to receptors on liver cells which stimulates Insulinlike growth factor-1 that promotes long bones to grow
thyroid stimulating hormones
DiGeorge Syndrome
THYMUS
A rare congenital defect that causes dysfunction of
a number of different tissues
Weak immune system and proneness to infections
Symptoms: shortness of breath, weakness, failure
to gain weight, bluish skin, delayed speech
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
THYMUS
A genetic disease which results in a weakened
immune system
Patients often have an atrophied thymus
Symptoms: proneness to infections
Hypothalamic Disease
Disorder of the Hypothalamus
Physical injury to the head
Symptoms: appetite and sleep problems
Hypothalamic Dysfunction
Abnormal function of the thalamus located in the
brain.
Symptoms: delayed puberty, impaired vision,
fatigue
Interesting Facts
-The thymus gland is the main part of
your body that makes t cells. In fact,
the "t" in "t cells" stands for the word
"thymus."
-The endocrine system contains
over thirty different types of
hormones.
Concept Check
1. The thymus gland is located…
a. In the brain b. Behind the sternum c. Near the intestines
2. DiGeorge Syndrome is…
a. Inherent
b. A disease of the hypothalamus
b. c. A cause for an atrophied thymus
3. What is secreted by cells in the pancreas and intestines?
a. Somatostatin
c. Dopamine
c. Thymosin
4. Describe the function of the hormones of the hypothalamus.
Concept Check Answers
1. The thymus gland is located…
a. In the brain
b. Behind the sternum
c. Near the intestines
2. DiGeorge Syndrome is…
a. Inherent
b. A disease of the hypothalamus
b. c. A cause for an atrophied thymus
3. What is secreted by cells in the pancreas and intestines?
a. Somatostatin
c. Dopamine
c. Thymosin
4. Describe the function of the hormones of the hypothalamus.
Dopamine inhibits the release of prolactin (PRL) from the pituitary.
Somatostatin Inhibits the release of growth hormones and supports body
growth by binding to receptors on liver cells which stimulates Insulin-like
growth factor-1 that promotes long bones to grow.
Bibliography









"About the Thymus Gland." LiveStrong. Ed. Franchesca Vermilliion. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar.
2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/119569-thymus-gland/>.
Applied Anatomy & Physiology. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Cloe, Adam. "Disorders of the Thymus Gland." LiveStong. N.p., 13 Mar. 2011. Web. 10 Mar.
2013. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/185768-disorders-of-the-thymus-gland/>.
Hormones of the Hypothalamus. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/HormoneTable.html>.
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Digeorge Syndrome." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/digeorge-syndrome/DS00998/DSECTION=symptoms>.
Organs of the Immune System. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.ufrgs.br/imunovet/molecular_immunology/organsimmune.html#thymus>.
Rehan, Kelly M. "An Overview of the Hypothalamus." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar.
2013. <http://www.endocrineweb.com/endocrinology/overview-hypothalamus>.
- - -. "An Overview of the Thymus." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/HormoneTable.html>.
"Severe Combined Immunodeficiency." Learn.Genetics. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/scid/>.