Computers Workbook
Creating the ultimate cheat sheet
Write everything down
Do what it takes to help you remember
Keep it simple
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#1 Tips for online safety
Write them down
1. Follow your family rules. Respect time limits and site restrictions.
2. Protect your privacy. Do not give your information, pictures or anything about you to
someone you do not know.
3. Delete emails from people you do not know. Do not open the unknown.
4. If it is disturbing, get away from it and let your parents know about it.
5. Do not get together or meet with people you have only met online. Always go with your
parents.
6. Never share your passwords with anyone except your parents
7. Do not shop online without permission
8. Do not believe everything you read, a lot of online information is bogus
9. Do not harm others, bully or go to jail because of things you do online
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Short History of the Computer pg. 1
From Abacus to supercomptuers
1. The abacus
2. 1617, John Napier invents logarithms and puts them on Napier bones
3. William Oughtred invents the slide rule.
4. 1642 Blaise Pascal invented the adding machine called the Pascaline
5. 1670 Gottfried von Leibniz improved Pascal calculator to include multiplication
6. 1830s, Charles Babbage designs analytical engine based on steam it had an
input device, memory, processor and output device.
1. Augusta Ada King wrote a program for the analytical engine, the 1st
programming language
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Short History of the Computer pg. 2
From Abacus to supercomptuers
7. 1840-1850 George Boole develops a logic to express thought in mathlike terms
using AND, OR, and NOT operations. This is also how electronic switches were
arranged, years later.
8. 1883, Thomas Edison invents the electronic light bulb and notices the Edison Effect
of electrons flowing across a vacuum. In 1906 Lee de Forest placed 3 electrodes inside
the bulb creating an amplifier. The core on-off switch in computers today.
9. 1890 Herman Hollerith was hired by the government to help with the U.S. Census.
He created punch-card computer, later used by companies and universities.
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Short History of the Computer pg. 3
From Abacus to supercomptuers
10. 1927 at MIT, Vannevar Bush invented the differential analyzer analog computer.
1. Harvard - Howard Aiken worked on Mark I using electromagnetic relays as switches
2. At U.Penn, John William Mauchly & J. Presper Eckert Jr. Designed EDVAC & ENIAC,
using vacuum tubes as switches which were a thousand times faster than the Mark I
11. Their UNIVAC; the first commercial computer, stored programs & used tape for data
12. 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley at Bell Labs invented the
transistor. Like a tube it is an amp or switch but much smaller, less power & uses
semiconductor material.
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Short History of the Computer pg. 4
From Abacus to supercomptuers
13. 1950s Jack Kilby (TI) & Robery Noyce (Fairchild) invented the integrated circuit, connecting
components all on the same chip of silicon, with built-in connections. This is the first microchip
and included transistors, resistors, capacitors and diodes.
14. 1971 Intel, founded by Noyce, invent the microprocessor, putting everything on a single
processor or single chip.
15. 1975 the Altair 8800 was the first personal computer . In the same year, Bill Gates, Paul Allen
and Monte Davidoff wrote the BASIC program to run on the Altair.
16. Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs were also working on their Apple Computer, sold in 1977, the
first personal computer with color graphics
17. 1979, Daniel Bricklin & Robert Frankston created VisiCalc (the first spreadsheet), two years
later IBM introduced the PC with VisiCalc and later Microsoft Basic, MS-DOS then Windows
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Discussion: How computers affected
you…
In society, science and technology
Open discussion
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Discussion: Uses of the computer outside
of the home.
How do you use a computer when your not home?
Open discussion
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Discussion: how do you use the
computer
Other than for games or entertainment
Open discussion
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Show and Tell
Five Major parts of a computer
1. Central processor
2. Memory
3. Controllers and ports
4. Input devices
5. Storage
6. Output devices
7. Connecting devices
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How data is stored in computer
memory
Text, Sound, Pictures and video
Numbers - stored in Binary, example 9 = 00001001
Text - stored in ASCII based on numbers 0-255, example A = 65 or 01000001 (binary)
Pictures - stored in Pixels based on 2, 4, 256, 16 bit (32,767) or 24 bit (16.7M) colors.
Sound – stores sound Waves Amplitude and Frequency using analog to digital convert,
converting the information into bits. When played the go through a digital to analog
converter
Video is stored using faster microprocessors that use the same picture, sound and
sometimes text processes to store video.
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File compression
Lossless or loss compression
Lossy compression is when a software takes all of the data from a file and removes
information that it determines are not necessary. That data is lost and cannot be
recovered.
Lossless compression is when the software takes out repetitive information in a file
and puts it back when the files is reopened (using compression software). Lossless
compression is often used with text and database files. It may also be used by
professional photographers who do not want to lose any photo detail.
Discussion: how can compression affect quality
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Computer chip-based devices
What are some of your computer chip-based devices
• iPad
• Cell phone
• Digital watch
• Video game consoles
• Hand-held video games
• Flat-screen TVs
• Cars
• Airplanes
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Programs and Software
What is it and how is it developed
• Software = a set of instructions organized into a program, which tells the
computer what to do.
• Types of programs
• Operating systems – basic computer operation
• Application programs – specific tasks or operations, like writing text
• Programming languages – let you write other programs
• Programming languages
• Old-school, COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, C
• O.O. languages include, Delphi, C++, C#
• Web languages include, HTML, Javascript, Perl, Python, PHP, VBScript
• Internal scripting languages include, ActionScript and others
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Discussion: software packages at
home
What software do you use at home
Open discussion
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Discussion: protecting from viruses
How to protect from viruses and protect information
• What is a virus, malware or worm?
• How do you protect yourself from them?
• Software
• Being smart
• Being protective
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Discussion: the World Wide Web
Discussion
Open discussion
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#6 & #7 In-class project
Review and determine what you can do for #6 & #7
• Develop a food budget for patrol weekend campout
• Write a letter to the parents of your troop inviting them to a court of honor.
• Design and draw a campsite plan for your troop (graphic)
• Create a flier for an upcoming event, use text and graphics (photos, etc.)
• See remaining options on worksheet...
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Copyright
Discussion
• Why do copyright laws exist?
• Why is it illegal to accept a paid, copyrighted computer game, program or song
from a friend unless it is considered Freeware or Shareware?
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Freeware, Shareware, Software &
Music
Understanding the differences
• Freeware is truly free but some may have legal licensing limitations. Usually not
copyrighted.
• Shareware may be free or paid but bot give you a trial period for free and then
you must pay or take certain actions to obtain a full license.
• Software is paid for, copyright protected and illegal to copy, steal or hack.
• Music is often considered copyrighted material and is illegal to download, trade,
share or use unless you have permission form the owner of the copyright. There
are now website where you can download FREE music but most is paid.
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Discussion: Career Opportunities
What are some careers you can think of
Open discussion
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In-class Project
Pick a career and find out...
• Education
• Training
• Experience
• Why this might interest you?
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Q&A and Catch up time
Use extra time to complete your requirements
Take the time to use the web to complete the necessary requirements.
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