Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 1: Vocabulary Review – Use the words in the box to complete the following sentences.
Revolution – Mestizo – Caudillo
Hacienda – Colonies – Creole – Dependent
1. A caudillo was a military officer who gained power in Latin America after independence.
2. A plantation (or large farm) owned by the Spanish or Catholic Church is also known as
hacienda.
3. A revolution is the overthrow of a ruler or government by a group.
4. A creole is someone who was born in Latin America and had Spanish parents or
grandparents.
5. A mestizo is someone who has one Spanish parent and one Native American parent.
6. Someone who is dependent relies on someone for support, or being under someone else’s
control.
7. Colonies are territories ruled by a more powerful mother country.
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 2: Timeline – Use the timeline graphic to answer the following questions.
1812-1813 Father
Jose Morelos takes
over Mexico’s fight
for independence
from Spain.
1811: Father
Hidalgo is
captured and
shot to death
by a firing
squad.
1808
1810
1810: Father
Miguel Hidalgo
calls for a revolt
against the
Spanish
peninsulares
1812
1814
1816
1820-1821: Augustin
de Iturbide guides
Mexico to independence
from Spain and declares
himself emperor.
1818
1815: Jose
Morelos is
executed by the
Spanish for
leading the
rebellions.
1820
1822
1822: Santa Anna
forces Iturbide out of
Mexico and begins a
new government
based on a
constitution
1. According to this time line, how long did it take for Mexico to gain independence?
11-12 years
2. How long did Jose Morelos fight for independence?
3 years
3. After Jose Morelos was executed, how long did it take for Iturbide to gain Mexico’s
independence?
5-6 years
4. Why did Santa Anna force Augustin de Iturbide to resign as emperor?
Having an emperor was exactly what the revolutionary leaders were fighting against.
Therefore, having Iturbide as emperor would defeat the purpose. They forced him to retire so
they can create a new government based on a constitution.
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 3: Short Answers – Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1. How were social classes determined in Latin America? How and why did that influence
the revolutions in Latin America?
Social classes were determined by someone’s heritage. The more Spanish blood one had,
the higher on the social pyramid one would be. This unfair determination of social classes
led the lower classes such as the creoles to rebel.
2. What were some arguments slave owners had to having and keeping slaves?
1. It’s mentioned in the bible, so it must be acceptable.
2. Africans enjoy working this hard
3. There were no laws against it
4. Slaves were considered animals, not human. And, therefore, they were treated as
such.
3. What events led to the revolutions in Latin America?
The events that led to the revolutions in Latin America are the Enlightenment period,
French Revolution, and American Revolution.
4. What were the ideas from the Enlightenment period and how did they influence the
Western Hemisphere?
The Enlightenment brought about the idea that humans had the ability to reason. Because
of this ability, humans can discover truths for themselves. This led to the idea that all
people were equal and had natural rights. These ideas influenced the leaders of the
French and American revolutions, which in turn, also influenced the revolutions in Latin
America. It made people want to fight for equal rights.
5. How did the revolution in Haiti differ from the revolutions in South America and
Mexico?
The revolution in Haiti was led by slaves, unlike the revolutions in South America, which
was led by Creoles.
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 4: Complete the following chart.
Year of
Independence
Method of
revolution.
Violence or Nonviolence
Countries
Mother
Country
Names of the
revolutionary
leader(s)
Haiti
France
Toussaint
L’Ouverture
1804
Violence
Mexico
Spanish
Father Miguel
Hidalgo
1821
Violence
Brazil
Portugal
Prince Dom Pedro
1822
Non-Violence
Venezuela
Spanish
Simon Bolivar
1821
Violence
Argentina
Spanish
1811
Violence
Jose de San Martin
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 5 - Map Skills: Use the map above to answer the next 5 questions.
20. Between which two lines of latitude do you find the island of Aruba (south central
Caribbean Sea)?
12 degrees N and 18 degrees N
21. Give the absolute location of San Juan, Puerto Rico?
66 degrees W and 18 degrees N
22. Of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Bahamas, the island(s) found furthest west? South?
Bahamas; Puerto Rico
23. Which country is north of Cuba? Name one country south of Aruba?
USA; South America
24. Name the island located at 24 degrees north latitude and 75 degrees west longitude.
Cat Island
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Unit 3 Dependence to Independence Name: _________________________
Study Guide
Part 6: R.A.C.E.S. Essay – Respond to this quote by following the R.A.C.E.S. model. You
must cite evidence from the text and explain what it means and how it supports your answer.
Haitian Declaration of Independence
“Citizens:
It is not enough to have expelled the barbarians who have bloodied our land for two centuries.
We must, with one last act of national authority, forever assure the empire of liberty in the
country of our birth; we must take any hope of re-enslaving us away from the inhuman
government that for so long kept us in the most humiliating conditions. In the end we must live
independent or die.
Independence or death... let these sacred words unite us and be the signal of battle and of our
reunion.”
~Jean-Jaques Dessalines, Commander in Chief of Haiti, 1804.
What is Dessalines saying to the people of Haiti? What is he telling them to do?
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