Learning Process Presentation
Walden University M Ed Course 6651C-1
Application 2 CHOONGL
Historical perspectives on learning
Experiential learning theory
defines learning as "the process whereby knowledge is created through the
transformation of experience
Behaviorism (Darwin origin or species)
is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to
environmental stimuli.
Cognitivism (post-war US ) uses the metaphor of the mind as computer:
information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes.
Socioculture Social Development Theory argues that social interaction
precedes development; consciousness and cognition are the end product of
socialization and social behavior.
Current theory - Neuroscience
Learner- centered principles
Guidelines about learners and nature of learning
(Charles Spielberger early 1990 American Psychological Association )
Knowledge
Base
• Goals of the learning
process
• Nature of the learning
process
• Construction of knowledge
Developmental &
individual
differences
• Developmental influences on
learning
• Individual influences in learning
Strategic
processing
Executive control
• Strategic thinking
• Thinking about thinking
Situation and
context
• Context of learning
• Social influences on learning
• Learning and diversity
Motivation & Affect
• Motivation and emotional
influences on learning
• Intrinsic motivation
• Effects of motivation on effort
Assessment
• Standards and
Assessments
How does the brain works ?
• Your neuroplastic brain is made up of 100 billions neurons consisting of
dendrites and axon branches.
• Dendrites receives information, axon branches sends information.
• Learning is about how synapses are strengthened.
• Learning is the act of making and strengthening connections of neurons or
synapses
• Memory – the ability to reactivate a connection made earlier
Brain Research – knowing the four major lobes
Occipital Lobes - primary brain centers for processing VISUAL stimuli
Temporal Lobes - process AUDITORY stimuli
Parietal Lobes - Integrate sensory data (taste and touch) and spatial awareness
Frontal Lobes - All higher level thinking, language, feelings and creativity
The Amygdala and Hippocampus
 Holds emotional
memory
 Unconscious process
 Episodic memory
 Stores new information in
cortex
Findings from brain research
The brain is
1. Sculpted through experience
2. Seeks meaningful connections/patterns
3. Emotion is a catalyst for learning
4. 2 types of memory
An Information processing model
rehearsal
Sight
Sound
Smell
Taste
R
e
c
e
p
t
o
r
s
Sensory
memory
Working
memory
Initial
Processing
Long-Term
memory
Exploration and
organiztion
Retrieval
Declarative
Procedural
Touch
Not transferred to next stage and
therefore forgotten
Source : Brain Matters (Pat Wolfe, 2001) ,
pp 77
Procedural and Declarative memory
Procedural
Declarative
 Unconscious memory
 Remembers episodes and
 Implicit learning (Habitual skill)
concepts
 Strengthens synapses
Works best with
•
Rote rehearsals
•
“practice makes permanent”
Works best with
Elaborative rehearsals, e.g.
 Reciprocal or peer teaching
 Metaphor & analog
 Problem-based learning
 Visuals and graphics
 Stimulation
 Hands on activities
References
 Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2008). Program
one to four: Brain research and learning. Teacher leadership in
the classroom: Increasing learning and achievement. Baltimore:
Author.
 Wolfe, P (2001) Brain Matters: Translating research into
rlassroom practice. Association for supervision & curriculum
development. Alexandria: VA