AP European History Final Semester 1 Review
The test questions are all here! However, not all of the questions on the review
are on the test. While this is preparation for the final, it is also preparation for the
end of course/AP exam.
1. The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) was fought primarily to?
2. Machiavelli's ideas as expressed in The Prince promoted:
3. Renaissance humanism drew its main inspiration from:
4. Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or forced conversion of Muslims and Jews in
Spain because:
5. The House of Hapsburg greatly strengthened its power and position in Europe by:
6. Important consequences of the Black Death was:
7. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term encomienda?
8. For people living during the Renaissance, the Church was:
9. What were important results of the printing press?
10. The War of the Roses was influential for accomplishing which of the following?
11. The Italian humanist who is generally given credit for the view that his own times were "the dawn
of a new era," and an improvement over the Dark Ages was
12. Which of the following best describes the political and economic environment of much of fifteenthcentury Italy?
13. The guide to being a Renaissance man was:
14. What were the cultural developments that resulted from Italian humanism?
15. Chronological of significant events from the Black Death through exploration
16. “Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive.” This statement was a contemporary
characterization of what philosophy?
17. Renaissance humanism is primarily defined as:
18. The political strength of the Medici family in Florence was initially based on:
19. “I say that, in my opinion, in a Lady who lives at court a certain pleasing affability is becoming
above all else, whereby she will be able to entertain graciously every kind of man with agreeable
and comely conversation suited to the time and place and to the station of the person with whom
she speaks.” The author of this passage was:
20. Renaissance thinkers argued that women should be educated in what manor?
“They are ungrateful, changeable, simulators and dissimulators, runaways in danger, eager for
gain; while you do well by them they are all yours; they offer you their blood, their property, their
lives, their children when need is far off; but when it comes near you, they turn about.”
21. The political assessment above of Renaissance citizens can be found in which writing and by
whom?
22. The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-63) had as its primary result:
23. A major difference between Calvinism and Lutheranism are:
24. Advocates of northern humanism believed?
25. Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic Church on the grounds that it:
26. Martin Luther believed that the most important role for a Christian woman was to:
27. The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg was to:
28. The Council of Trent (1545-63) was the major body through which:
29. What resulted from the English Reformation?
30. Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles
basic to what religion? Led by who?
31. As a result of the Protestant Reformation, the ___________ became the center of social life.
32. A major impact of the development of printing was
33. Place the following in chronological order: 1) Charles V elected Holy Roman Emperor 2)
Defenestration of Prague 3) Peace of Westphalia 4) Peace of Augsburg 5) Diet of Worms.
34. Who did Queen Mary I of England married?
35. Most of the Thirty Years' War was fought in what country?
36. What led to the conflict in the 1530s between Henry VIII and his Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas
More?
37. More's secret assistance to the Holy Roman Emperor in a planned invasion of England
accomplished what?
38. What are the central points to Martin Luther’s religious philosophy?
39. What the status of women during the Reformation?
“Our sins have their source in Adam, and because Adam ate the apple, we have inherited sin
from him. But Christ has shattered death in order that we might be saved by His works and not
by our works. Christ says: I am your justification.”
--Martin Luther
40. Describe Luther’s meaning in the excerpt above?
41. The map above, showing religious divisions in Europe around 1600 - know how it illustrates the
differences between Lutheranism and Calvinism?
42. The conversion to Catholicism of King Henry IV of France is an example of the policies of the
______________?
43. The most influential religious order associated with the Catholic Reformation (CounterReformation) was the _________________?
44. The Dutch church represented in the painting above can be identified as Protestant because of
45. The most important political and military result of the Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of
Westphalia was the _______________?
46. What is the most important factor behind the Price Revolution of the sixteenth century?
47. During the great witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, those most
often tried as witches were?
48. Surgeon barbers of the preindustrial period are generally associated with which of the following
treatments for illness and disease?
49. What was typical of preindustrial European village society?
50. A major industrialization and economic difference between Eastern and Western Europe.
51. Describes the enclosure movement?
52. Compare land ownership and social mobility with their Western European counterparts, Eastern
European peasants in the early modern period:
53. Illegitimate births and extramarital affairs were limited in early modern Europe (1500-1750)
primarily by:
54. The Scientific Revolution's impact on women included which of the following? I. equal
participation in theoretical breakthroughs, II. Their exclusion from scientific societies, III. A
reaffirmation of scientific theories of female inferiority, IV. The gradual exclusion of women from
midwifery, V. significant advances in the understanding of human reproduction that emphasized
women's role.
55. Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to scientific development in the seventeenth
century by:
56. Johannes Kepler improved on Copernicus' theories by:
57. Empiricism as related to the Scientific Revolution can be defined as:
58. The Scientific Revolution overturned the accepted ideas of who?
59. The great scientific discoveries of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led European scholars
to believe that:
60. “Cogito, ergo sum”—“I think, therefore I am”—was the basis of whose new approach to scientific
thinking?
61. The most serious conflict facing thinkers of the seventeenth century, such as Pascal and
Spinoza, was:
62. Galileo was found guilty of heresy and condemned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he:
63. What is significant about the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-14)?
64. In the first half of the seventeenth century, which country led Europe in shipbuilding, navigation,
and commerce and banking?
65. In the second half of the seventeenth century, which of the following country dominated European
culture, politics, and diplomacy?
66. What was a primary result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
67. The principal reason why Louis XIV (1643-1715) built his palace at Versailles was to
68. What was the aim of The Fronde revolt in France from 1648-52:
69. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
70. The concept of the balance of power, as it emerged by the end of the seventeenth and beginning
of eighteenth centuries, had what as its fundamental aim?
71. In eighteenth-century Europe, the most important imperial rivalries existed among which three
countries?
72. The War of Spanish Succession ended with who as the king of Spain?
73. Emperor Joseph II of Austria failed in his attempts to reform his country because?
74. The painting shown above, “Judith Slaying Holofernes” by Artemsia Gentilischi, is distinguished
by its dramatic treatment of the subject, an oversized canvas, and intense use of light and
shadow. The art movement it represents?
75. The Dutch Republic rose to prominence in seventeenth-century Europe because of which
factors?
76. Policies Peter the Great used to make Russia a great power was to:
77. What is an accurate characterization the government system of England in the period 16881715?
78. The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early eighteenth century was part of
Peter the Great’s attempt to do what?
79. What factors encouraged the success Baroque art?
80. Between 1650 and 1750, what was the most valuable export from the British and French colonies
of the New World to Europe?
“He desired glory and excellence beyond that of anyone else. He showed favor to vernacular
poetry and all the fine arts. Under him the city was not free, but it would have been impossible for
it to have had a better or more pleasing tyrant.”
81. The passage above was most likely written by?
82. The emblem above was used a symbol for which king?
83. What is the order of the following?
The development of children's games and literature, the rise in the prevalence of breastfeeding, the educational views of Locke and Rousseau, a decline in the use of corporal
punishment
84. "The law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have a right to concur either personally
or by their representatives in its formation. The law should be the same for all, whether it protects
of whether it punishes." The quotation above is a formulation of the ideas of:
85. "The pasturing stock is allowed in peace to eat up the food on pastures to its utmost limits, thus
the stock returns more ample profit to the farmer. In managing arable lands, the farmer derives
other solid advantages, such as security against trespass and adoption of correct crop rotation."
The eighteenth-century British quotation above is a justification for?
86. In eighteenth-century Europe, the most important imperial rivalries existed among which
countries?
87. The most common cause of urban riots in the eighteenth century was:
88. “Generally speaking, there is no one who knows what is for your interest so well as yourself--no
one who is disposed with so much ardor and constancy to pursue it.” The author of the above
passage would support what form of economics?
89. Adam Smith maintained that what believe about competition?
90. “The salon was a weekly gathering held in the home of one of the dominant ladies of the society,
at which dinner was usually served, cards usually played, but conversation led by the hostess
predominated. A few salons were known as having the ideal mixture of leading intellectuals,
open-minded nobles, and clever, elegant women.” The passage above describes and important
aspect of social life in which country and when?
91. Adam Smith’s Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations advocated a system
of:
92. The major drawback of the open-field (three-field). agricultural system was that:
93. Which European rulers are generally identified as “enlightened” monarchs?
94. The eighteenth-century Enlightenment philosophes were primarily concerned with:
95. The improvements during the Agricultural Revolution of the eighteenth century.
96. The enclosure movement in eighteenth-century England encouraged the development of form of
economy?
97. According to Adam Smith, the “invisible hand” would
98. How did the American Revolution affect the French Revolution?
"The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of
the kingdom, to effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true principles of
monarchy; that nothing can prevent it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be
forced to establish itself; and, finally, that wheresoever its members are assembled, there is the
National Assembly;
a. "Decrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to
separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the
kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that, the said oath
taken, all members and each one of them individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution
by signature."
99. This agreement is commonly known as:
100.
Under the Napoleonic system, peasants in territories conquered by French armies were
generally treated how?
101.
The greatest numbers of victims under “The Terror” (1793-94) were from which social
group?
102.
The sequence of events that led to the French Revolution of 1789
103.
Describe the character of Louis XVI of France?
104.
The first stage of the French Revolution was precipitated by a conflict between the:
105.
The painting of Napoleon shown above portrays him as?
106. The list of grievances, or cahier de doleances, brought by the members of the Estates-General
to Versailles in 1789 called for:
a. the immediate overthrow of Louis XVI
b. universal adult suffrage
c. tax equity
d. the separation of church and state
e. renewal of provincial and city charters
107.
What was the Napoleonic Code?
108.
The main purpose of the women’s march on Versailles in October 1789 was to:
109.
Who made up the French Third Estate?
110.
The calling of the Estates-General in France by King Louis XVI in 1789 was the direct
result of:
111.
What is the point of the above cartoon?
112.
English economic expansion was threatened in the eighteenth century by a rapidly
diminishing supply of:
113.
Which philosophy would be considered the most radical response to the Industrial
Revolution?
114.
What technological developments were the focus of the First Industrial Revolution?
115.
What was Romantic Movement in early nineteenth-century Europe a reaction to?
116.
Factors accelerating the British government's repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 were:
117.
"In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonism, we shall
have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free
development of all." These words express the ideas of who:
118.
Prince Klemens von Metternich used the German Confederation to oppose what “isms” in
Central Europe?
119.
What distinguishes Marxian socialism from utopian socialism?
120.
He is generally considered to have revolutionized classical music and begun the
Romantic Movement in music.
121.
What ideas are most closely associated with Liberalism in the mid nineteenth century?
122.
Important prerequisites for Great Britain's industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century
included?
123.
In the mid-nineteenth century, industrial growth in Western Europe was significantly
stimulated by the:
1. THE “SILENT HIGHWAY”-MAN
a.
“YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE!”
124.
What does the nineteenth-century English cartoon above depicts?
125.
The artist of the above painting tried to convey what feeling?
126.
What aspects best describes the writers of the Romantic school?
127.
The disease most common in industrialized areas of nineteenth-century Europe was:
128.
In the Communist Manifesto (1848), Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels asserted that:
129.
The repeal of the British Corn Laws in 1846 was most strongly opposed by:
130.
The Crystal Palace, shown above, was built in 1851 in London primarily for what
purpose?
131.
“These writers extolled, often in an exaggerated form, the expression of human emotion
and the search for the realization of one’s own identity.” The writers described above were
associated with which of the following?
132.
A major goal of the English Chartists in the 1840s was:
133.
The Romantic Movement in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Europe was
characterized by principals?
134.
The incentive for the development of large factories associated with England’s early
Industrial Revolution was primarily connected to what earlier production process?
135.
A major social impact of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain up to 1830 was:
136.
The above painting of Napoleon Bonaparte by Jacques Louis David can best be
described as an example of what style:
137.
Which of the following is the best characterization of the impact of industrialization on the
family and male/female spheres in the first half of the nineteenth century?
138.
Caspar David Friedrich’s painting The Wanderer Above the Mists shown above
exemplifies the Romantic style in what way(s)?
139.
The French Le Chapelier Law (1791) and the English Combination Acts (1799-1800) did
what for workers?
140.
Urban life in the major European cities during the Industrial Revolution was characterized
by what conditions for the poor?