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Explain what forces united the Greek city-states
Identify :
the impact of the Persian Wars on Greece
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Thermopylae
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Platea
Delian League
 I can define:
 Alliance
Barbarians
Athens
 Persians
 The Ionian Greeks rebel
against Persian rule.
 Athens send some ships
to help.(Made Darius
angry!!)
 Persians greatly out
number Greeks, but the
Greeks are fighting for
their homeland.
 Persians retreat
 Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor try to overthrow
Persian rule.
 Athens aids revolting cities
 “These ships were the beginning of mischief both to
the Greeks and to the barbarians” -Herodotus
 Persians seek revenge – King Darius leads an
invasion of Greece (491 BC)
 “Master, remember the Athenians”
First Persian War (491-490 BC)
Battle of Marathon
•Persian fleet lands at Marathon.
•Amphibious Invasion (sea to land)
•Athenians greatly outnumbered by Persian army
•Broke through lines, fought hand to hand
•Forces:
Athenians = 10,000 + 1,000 Plataens
Persians = 20,000 – 60,000 Infantry, 1000 Cavalry
 Phidippides runs to
Athens, 26.2 miles away,
cries out “Rejoice we are
victorious!”
“NIKE!, NIKE!, NIKE!”
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=geR3BrcWSt0
collapses and dies.
This made Darius so mad,
that he invades Greece.
Second Persian War (480-479 BC)
Battle of Thermopylae
 Leaders
 Persian King Xerxes
 Second Persian War (480479 BC)
Battle of
ThermopylaeSpartan
Leonidas
 Athenian Themistocles
 Athenians/Spartans
combined together with 29
other city-states under
leadership of Sparta
 **Xerxes-Darius’s son takes
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over after Darius’s death.
Sends a large army to
defeat the Greeks.
Land at Thermoplylae a
small mountain pass.
**Persians defeat the
Greeks.***
A Greek traitor showed the
Persians a weak spot in the
Greek army.
Double-envelopment/double pincer strategy
Greeks Victorious
6,400 Persians die
192 Athenians die
Athenians march to Athens to prevent Persian landing.
Themistocles urged Athenians to build fleet of warships
and prepare for Persians return
Here they defended themselves to the last, such as still had swords using them, and the others resisting with
their hands and teeth, til the barbarians who now encircled them upon every side, overwhelmed and buried
the remnant that was left beneath the showers of missile weapons”
-Herodotus
 Thermopylae
 Spartans hold pass long enough for Greeks to retreat, defending
it to the last man – moral victory
 300 Spartans die and most Greek allies
 20,000 Persians die
 “A Spartan leaves the field with his shield or upon it”
 Held off Persians long enough for Athenians to evacuate to
Salamis before Athens is burned.
What About 300?
 Background is true
 Roots in the History of Herodotus
 The Spartans did NOT fight alone
 Spartans portrayed fairly accurate
 No Monsters!
 The Immortals were real Persian soldiers
 P.S. You are still too young to see this movie!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdNn5TZu6R8
Battle of Salamis (480 B.C.)
Athenians use their navy to lure Persian
ships into the narrow straits of Salamis
Battle of Salamis: Persian Defeat
 Greek used underwater battering rams on their ships to sink Persian
ships
 Speed, maneuverability of Greek ships and knowledge of the waters
 Spartans defeat the
Persians and force them
out of Greece.
 Greeks felt that the gods
had protected them.
 Persia invades and burns
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Athens
Athenians had already
fled the city.
Lure the Persians to a
narrow strait of Salamis
Athenian rowers drove
into Persian boats with
battering rams
Fleet was defeated
 Athens forms alliances
with 150 other city states
 Each state contributes
ships, soldiers, and
money
 Athens richest, so they
dominate.
 Use the money to rebuild
Athens.
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Explain what forces united the Greek
city-states—Nationalism against Persia
Identify
the impact of the Persian Wars on Greece—
Unified Greek city states
Battle of Marathon--Greeks defeat Persians
Battle of Thermopylae--Xerxes defeats the Greeks
Battle of Salamis--naval battle won by Athens
Battle of Platea—
Sparta defeats Persia
Delian League—
Athens and her allies
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I can define:
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Alliance--groups who agree to work together
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