13 Colonies
New England, Middle, Southern
13 Colonies
 Along which ocean are
these colonies located?
 What natural boundary is
to the west of the
colonies?
 http://www.brainpop.co
m/socialstudies/ushistory/
thirteencolonies/
New England Colonies
New England Colonies
 Massachusetts
 Pilgrims (Separatists)
 Wrote the Mayflower Compact—1620
 Puritans
 New Hampshire
 Settlers from Massachusetts settled here
 Rhode Island
 Settled by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
 Left Massachusetts to be able to practice religious freedom
 Connecticut
 Thomas Hooker
 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
New England Colonies
 Founded for religious reasons
 Founded for Quakers, Pilgrims, and Puritans so they could
practice their religion freely (without persecution)
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Long winters, rocky soil, short growing season
Practiced subsistence farming
Lived near towns
English settlers made up the largest population
Decline in Puritan religion as other religions increased
Massachusetts gained religious freedom
New England Economic Resources
 Atlantic Ocean offered economic opportunities (fishing,
ship building)
 Lots of shipping and trade, lots of ports
 Lots of timber
 3 types of trade:
 With other colonies
 Triangular trade
 Direct exchange of goods with England
 Had few slaves-was not economical
Triangular Trade
Middle Colonies
Middle Colonies
 New York
 Taken from Holland/Named after the Duke of York
 New Jersey
 Given by the Duke of York to two of his friends
 Pennsylvania
 Founded by Willliam Penn for religious freedomQUAKERS
 Delaware
 Granted their own Assembly by Penn
Middle Colonies
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Founded for economic reasons
Settlements crowded out Native Americans
Skilled Dutch and German farmers
Very diverse population-climate of tolerance
Quakers eventually ended up in Pennsylvania looking
for freedom of religion-again
Middle Colonies
 Long growing season
 Cash crops of fruits, vegetables, and grain
 Produced so much grain they became known as the
“Bread Basket” colonies
 Cities along rivers (Hudson-NY, Delaware-Philadelphia)
exported cash crops and imported manufactured goods
 Colonists ate an average of 1lb of grain per day-3times
more than we do today!
 Some owned slaves, although there were also free African
Americans living there
Southern Colonies
Southern Colonies
 Good soil and a long growing season (almost all
year) allowed plantations to thrive
 Rice, tobacco, and indigo were cash crops-Plantation
economy
 Easy to export because of many waterways
 Plantation owners had a difficult time finding laborers
 White indentured servants only worked for a few
years and could easily save to buy their own farms
Southern Colonies
 Maryland
 Established by Lord Baltimore for religious freedomCatholics
 Virginia (Jamestown)
 The Carolinas (Carolina is from the Latin word for “Charles”)
 Settled as a source of crops
 Later divided into…
 North Carolina and South Carolina
 Georgia
 Established by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors
Southern Colonies
 Tried to force Native Americans to work for them
 Too many died from European diseases
 Others knew the land well enough to run away
 Slaves made up about 40%of the South's population
 Slavery allowed the plantation system to grow
Colonial Government
 Colonial governments were established to provide
representation and provide for individual freedoms.
 Mayflower Compact
 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 Virginia House of Burgesses
Roots of Representative Government
 Magna Carta-1215, King John signed a document granting
rights to English People
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Gave certain rights to English noblemen and freemen
Prevented the king from taking property
King could not tax people without the consent of a council
No trials without witnesses; punished by peers only
 Parliament-England’s chief lawmaking body
 English Bill of Rights-1689, royal agreement to respect the
rights of English citizens and Parliament
 Salutary Neglect-Leaving alone in a helpful way
Virginia House of Burgesses
(1619)
 A BURGESS was an elected representative
 Created in 1619 to limit the power of the governor
 First representative government in the American
colonies
Mayflower Compact (1620)
 Pilgrims agreed to obey laws for the good of the colony
 Established the idea of self-government and majority rule
Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut (1639)
 Puritans wrote this “constitution”; self government
 Gave voting rights to non-church members
 Limited the power of the governor
Triangular Trade
 A transatlantic system of trade in which goods,
including slaves, were exchanged between Africa,
England, Europe, the West Indies and the colonies in
North America.
Transatlantic Slave Trade
 Slaves captured in Africa
 Sent to the West Indies and then on to the colonies
 Many did not survive the “Middle Passage” (Middle
leg of the triangular trade)
 Estimated 2 million die during the Middle Passage
 Supported the plantation system
Mercantilism
 Mercantilism is the colony supporting the Mother
Country’s” economy
 Parliament controlled the trade of the colonies in
order to benefit the “Mother Country”
 Colonists were expected to sell their raw materials
only to England and at very low prices
 The colonists were expected to buy manufactured
goods only from England, which were expensive
Mercantilism
Mercantilism?
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The American colonies export raw materials to England
The American colonies purchase finished goods from England
The American colonies purchase finished goods from France
The American colonies manufacture finished goods and sell
them to England
England buys raw materials from France
The American colonies import raw materials from the Spanish
West Indies
England manufactures goods and sells them to France
The American colonies manufacture goods and sell them to
Spain
Enlightenment
 An 18th Century movement that
emphasized the use of reason and
the scientific method to obtain
knowledge.
 Stressed reason and science
 Ben Franklin
 Started in Europe
 John Locke argued that people have
natural rights
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Life
Liberty
Property
Challenged that kings had a Godgiven right to rule
The Great Awakening
Best described as a revival(awakening)
of religious feeling in the American
colonies in the 1730s and the 1740s