CH03Henslin8e - Weathersfield Local Schools

advertisement
Chapter 3:Socialization
Look familiar? Or Chaos?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
1
Chapter 3:Socialization
Isolation, how bad can it
get?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
2
Chapter 3:Socialization
What is Human Nature?
 Nature vs. Nurture - Oscar and Jack
Workaholic v. leisurely
 Feral Children

Victor “Wild Boy”
 Isolated Children

Genie, Anna, Isabelle
 Institutionalized Children

Skeels and Dye Study

Study of Orphanages

12 Control 13 Experimental

21 years later? 12 grade Average. 5 completed 1 or more
years of college, 1 to graduate school, 11 married

All were self sufficiant

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
3
Chapter 3:Socialization
Deprived Animals
 Harry and Margret Harlow (1962)
 Two artificial Mothers
 One with wire frame and wooden head
 One with no bottle but covered with soft
terrycloth
 What was the outcome?
 Page 67
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
4
Chapter 3:Socialization
In Sum…
Society Makes Us Human
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
5
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into the Self and
Mind
Cooley and the Looking Glass Self
 Remember Symbolic Interactionism?? He Influenced it Duh!
 We Imagine How We Appear to Others

I’m Very Cool
 We Interpret Others’ Reactions

Do you like me?
 We Develop a Self-Concept

Positive and Negative
 Take the Role of the other

Someone else's shoes
 Significant Others – Parents, Siblings
 When do we act out on these principles? Generalized Other
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
6
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into
the Self and Mind
Mead and Role-Taking
 Imitation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
7
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into
the Self and Mind
Mead and Role-Taking
 Imitation
 Play
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
8
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into
the Self and Mind
Mead and Role-Taking
 Imitation
 Play
 Games
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
9
Chapter 3:Socialization
George Herbert Mead – 1863-1929



University of Chicago
Generalized Other – Integrated conception of our
norms. “You get it!”
Example – being honest >> Significant others
 Self Concept - Self is not a structure, it is a
process. The I acts and the Me defends the self as
reflective of others. The combination of the Me and
the I.
 “I” is the spontaneous, and active part.
 “Me” is the socialized portion
 The “I” is the first reaction
 They are both in constant communication
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
10
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into the Self and Mind
Piaget and the Development of Reasoning
Being human means having the ability to reason
 Sensorimotor Stage – Birth to age two

Do I have toes?
 Preoperational Stage –Two to age Seven

Count, Count what does that mean? Mountains
 Concrete Operational Stage – Seven to Twelve

Can take roles and participate in games, But … Truth?
 Formal Operational Stage – After age Twelve

Capable of abstract thinking

Slavery Example! How in our country?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
11
Chapter 3:Socialization
Learning Personality, Morality, and Emotions
 Freud and the Development of Personality
Physician in Vienna Austria in the early 1900’s

Best known for what?

Personality has three elements 1) ID – Inborn
Drives 2) EGO – The balancing force 3) Super EGO
– Your Conscience, that voice we talked about.
 The ID demands immediate self fulfillment for basic
needs
 The Super EGO represents the Culture Within Us
 Kohlber and the Development of Morality

 Gilligan and Gender Differences in Morality
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
12
Chapter 3:Socialization
Work to outline the following people or
Studies:





Kohlberg and Gilligan P. 72-73

Theory on development? Gender differences?
Paul Ekman P.73 Global and Expressing Emotions
Ifaluk P. 74
Colin Turnbull P. 74 The IK?
Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis

What did they find? P. 75-76
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
13
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into Emotions
 Global Emotions
 Expressing Emotions
 What We Feel
 Research Needed
 The Self and Emotions as Social
Control - Society Within Us
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
14
Chapter 3:Socialization
Down-to-Earth Sociology
 Colin Turnbull and the Ik
 Passionless Society
 Selfishness, Numbness, Lack of Concern
 Only Good is Pursuit of Food
 No School, No Church, No Family
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
15
Chapter 3:Socialization
Society Within Us
 The Self and Emotions as Social Control
 Are We Free?
 Expectations of Family and Friends
 Social Mirror
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
16
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into Gender

Gender Messages in the Family

Goldberg and Lewis

Could be Biological?

Innate differences

Monkeys – cars and Dolls
 Gender Messages from Peers

Wimpy

Milkie Study - Discovery as boys
 Gender Messages in the Mass Media
 Advertising
20,000 commercials a year
G – Cooperative B – Aggressive
G – Giggly B – Dominant
 Unrealistic and inadequate leads to an
array of products to get you there
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
17
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization into Gender






Television – reinforces stereotypes of the sexes
Male characters outnumber females
Males usually portrayed in higher status position
Women's sports on television?

Cheerleaders though?

Trivialized and mocked
Kim Possible, Xena, Alias,
Buffy the Vampire
More women are injured from being battered by men than
by all rapes, muggings and automobile crashes combined.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
18
Chapter 3:Socialization
Agents of Socialization

Religion

On any given Sunday 2 out of 5 Americans attend a religious
service
 Day Care

Children who spend more hours in day care have weaker bonds
with their mothers

More likely to fight and to be cruel

Why might this be?

But…score higher on language tests
 The School

Manifest Function - intended

Latent Function – unintended

Universality

Hidden and corridor curriculum
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
19
Chapter 3:Socialization
Agents of Socialization






The Neighborhood
Common Sense tells us

Children from poor neighborhoods are more likely to get into
trouble, become pregnant or drop out of school
Residents from more affluent neighborhoods watch out for each
others kids
Poor neighborhoods don’t care about kids?
Less Transition in neighbors, so adults know children
Peer Groups

Influence of the family lessons as time goes on

Adler Study – Boys are made popular through athletics,
coolness, and toughness. Girls are made popular through
family background, physical appearance, and the ability to
attract boys.

The standards dominate
Copyriht © Allyn & Bacon 2007
20
Chapter 3:Socialization
Agents of Socialization
 Sports and Competitive Success
Not just physical skills learned but values

Justification for sports

Boys - Masculinity Girls – Meaningful Relationships
 The Workplace

Gain a new perspective on life from coworkers

Anticipatory Socialization – learning to play a role
before entering it

Get out before its to late! Student Teachers

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
21
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization Through Life
 Resocialization
 Mild - New Boss
 Intense - Alcoholics Anonymous
 Degradation Ceremony – Prisoners – their verdict being read
 Total Institutions - Boot Camp
 Childhood - Birth to ~12 yrs
 Adolescence - 13 to 17 yrs
 Transitional Adulthood - 18 to 29 yrs
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
22
Chapter 3:Socialization
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
23
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization Through Life
The Middle Years - 30 to 65 yrs
 Early Middle Years - 30 to 49 yrs
 Later Middle Years - 50 to 65 yrs
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
24
Chapter 3:Socialization
Socialization Through Life
The Older Years ~65 yrs on
 Early Older Years
 Later Older Years
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
25
Chapter 3:Socialization
Sociological Significance
of the Life Course
 Does Not Merely Represent Biology
 Social Factors Influence Life Course
 Social Location Very Significant
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
26
Chapter 3:Socialization
Are We Prisoners of
Socialization?
 Sociologists Do Not Think So
 Individuals Are Actively Involved
in the Construction of the Self
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
27
Download