CHAPTER 20: SECTION 1
1. What types of governments took power in some countries in Europe after the end of World War I?
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A. MUSSOLINI AND FASCISM IN ITALY
1. List 3 facts about fascism:
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
b.___________________________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. How did Mussolini use fears about communism to his advantage?
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3. Who were the Blackshirts? ____________________________________________________________
4. In what year did Mussolini gain control of the Italian government? ____________
5. What was Mussolini’s nickname and what type of government did he establish? _________________
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B. STALIN TAKES OVER THE USSR
1. Who led the Communist Revolution in Russia and what did he rename Russia in 1922 (full name)?
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2. What 3 things did Stalin’s government institute/do?
a. ______________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________
3. Who became the new leader of the USSR in 1926 after defeating Leon Trotsky in a battle for power?
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4. Briefly describe the purpose and effects of the 5-Year Plans. _________________________________
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5. What were collectives and what happened to anybody who resisted the process of collectivization?
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6. How did Stalin feel about political opposition? ____________________________________________
7. How many people died as a result of Stalin’s rule? _________________________________________
8. When did Stalin die? ______________
HITLER AND NAZI GERMANY
1. How did Hitler feel about communism and Mussolini? ______________________________________
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2. Nazi Party
a. What does NAZI stand for? ____________________________________________________________
b. How did the Nazis feel about the Treaty of Versailles? ______________________________________
c. What segment of the population were the Nazis hoping to attract? ____________________________
d. What happened to Hitler and the Nazi party in 1923? ______________________________________
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3. List 3 main ideas of Mein Kampf:
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________________
4. Hitler and the Nazis wanted Germany to expand its borders: True/False (circle one)
5. How did the Nazi Party benefit politically from the Great Depression? ________________________
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6. What was Hitler appointed in 1933? __________________________________________
7. List 3 things Hitler called for/did after achieving this position in 1933:
a. ___________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________________________
8. What title did Hitler give himself in 1934 and what does it mean? _____________________________
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MILITARISTS CONTROL JAPAN
1. Why was Japan susceptible to high tariffs in the 1920s and 1930s? ____________________________
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2. How did some Japanese military leaders view democracy? __________________________________
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3. What did these leaders think Japan was destined to do? ____________________________________
4. What did some military leaders and their supporters believe was the only way to solve Japan’s
resource problem?
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5. Briefly summarize the events surrounding the issue of Manchuria in the early 1930s.
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AMERICAN NEUTRALITY
1. Americans supported isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s: True/False
2. List 2 reasons many Americans supported isolationism during this time period:
a. __________________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________________
3. What did the Neutrality Act of 1935 do/state? _____________________________________________
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4. What stance did the American government take in regards to the Spanish Civil War? _____________
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5. Who made up the Axis Powers? Did they like or dislike communism? _________________________
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6. What did the Neutrality Act of 1937 do/state? (be specific in terms of “cash and carry”)
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7. Define internationalism: ______________________________________________________________
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8. When he came into office in 1933 FDR was an isolationist: True/False
9. FDR supported the Neutrality Acts: True/False
10. What did Japan do in regards to China in 1937 and how did FDR react? How did he justify his
reaction?
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