Mitosis
Biology Spring Final Exam Review
1.
During which part of interphase does DNA replication occur?
a.
2.
G1
b. S
c. G2
d. mitosis
What stage does the cell spend most of its life in
(Interphase or Mitosis)?________________________
What occurs during this phase?
_________________________________________________
3. The 4 phases of mitosis in order area.
Prophase-anaphase-metaphase-telophase
b.
Telophase-metaphase-prophase-anaphase
c.
Prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
d.
Metaphase-anaphase-telophase-prophase
4.
If a the original cell has 18 chromosomes, how many
5.
Chromosomes will the daughter cells have after mitosis?_________
How many daughter cells?
Label and Draw a cell in each of the 4 stages of mitosis
DNA
1. What is the process represented below?________________________
2. In which organelle in the cell does this process occur?_____________________
3. The nitrogen base ADENINE will bond with ____________________ in DNA.
4. The nitrogen base GUANINE will always bond with ______________________ .
5. If an organism is composed of 20% adenine, then it will be composed of ____% thymine, therefore it
will be composed of ______% guanine and ______% cytosine
6. The complementary DNA strand to TACGGACCT is _______________________
7. The discovery of structure to the left is credited to _____________ and____________.
8. The bases in DNA are joined by a ___________________ bond.
1. ______________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA into a
complementary strand of mRNA and occurs in the __________ of the cell.
2. ______________ is the process in which the mRNA code is translated into
proteins, and occurs in the ____________ of the cell.
3. __________ carries the amino acids to the ____________ where a
_____________ is built.
4. Mistakes in the gene code can cause mistakes in the _____________that
is made, these mistakes are called _____________.
1. Replicate the following strand of DNA.
TAC TTT ACG GGC
____ ____ ____ ____
2. Now Transcribe the top strand:
____ ____ ____ ____
3. What amino acid sequence would result?
_______ _______ _______ ________
Genetics
1. If alleles are identical for a trait (TT) the term used is_________________.
2. If alleles are different for a trait (Tt) the term used is_________________.
3. The physical appearance of an organism ( flower color) is the organism’s ___________.
4. The genes that code for a trait (the letters Gg,TT) are the organism’s _______________.
5. Traits that are only found on the X chromosome are ___________________ traits.
6. In mice, black hair (B) is dominant over white hair (b), what percentage of offspring would result from a
cross between a heterozygous black-haired male and a white-haired female? Draw a Punnett Square Below
7. Define “genotype”: _________________________________________________________________
8. Define “phenotype”: ________________________________________________________________
9. Complete a cross for Tt x TT: What is the percentage probability that they will have a heterozygous child?
_____________
10. Complete a dihybrid cross for TtGg x TTgg and answer the correlation questions:
a. What are the gametes for TtGg: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
b. What are the gametes for TTgg: ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
c. What is the percentage probability that they will have a child heterozygous for both traits? _____
Pedigrees
1. How many
2. How many
have? ____
3. How many
4. How many
5. How many
generations? ____
children did generation I
males on the chart?____
females? _____
have the trait? _____
1. Male or Female?_______________
2. Any extra chromosomes?_______________
Where?_____________________
3. What, if any, disorder is
this?________________________
4. This picture is called a
_______________________.
ID each picture as Sexual or Asexual Reproduction?
Taxonomy and Kingdoms
1.
2.
Annelids are most closely related to?
_____________
Chordates are most closely related
to________________ and least related
to______________.
1.
Explain why scientists use a classification system to organize organisms.
2.
3.
Taxonomy is_________________________________________________________________________________.
Binomial nomenclature is____________________________________________________________________.
Group
Multicellular
Eukaryote
Autotroph
Cell wall
1
yes
yes
no
no
2
yes
yes
yes
yes
3
no
no
yes
yes
4
no
no
no
no
Using the chart on the left, which
group describes kingdom –
a) plantae - ____________________
b) animalia - ___________________
c) eubacteria - _________________
Identify which kingdom is described: animalia, plantae, eubacteria, archaebacteria, protests, or fungi
1) multicellular organism found in freshwater, feeds on autotrophs and has cell membranes _______________________________________
2) unicellular organism that converts hydrogen sulfide from ocean volcanic vents into energy ______________________________________
3) multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms –
______________________________________
4) an organism that has a nucleus, cell wall of chitin, and is heterotrophic - _______________________
5) unicellular organisms with a nucleus and either a cilia or flagella for movement - ____________________________
The organism shown has chloroplasts and a cell wall made of cellulose. It is eukaryotic and has plenty of
cilia. This organism belongs to kingdom ____________________________ and uses its cilia to ________________.
Fill in the taxons, and then answer the following questions based on the chart given:
Group or Taxon
Dog
Cat
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Mammalia
Mammalia
Carnivora
Carnivora
Canidae
Felidae
Canis
Felis
familiaris
domesticus
Class
Family
Species
1. Based on the chart, what taxons do dogs and cats have in common?_______________________________
2. Sequence the levels of classification from the broadest to the most specific.
3. Dogs (Canis familiaris) and gray wolf (Canis lupus) belong to the same _______________ therefore they are
closely related. However, neither can ________________ successfully because they don’t belong to the same
__________________.
What kingdom?
________________






Eukaryotic
Autotrophic
Multicellular
What kingdom? ______________



What kingdom? ________________
Heterotophs
Decomposers
Multicellular
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Lives in extreme environments
What kingdom?_______________




Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Some cause diseases
Some help in digestion
What
kingdom?________________




Heterotrophs
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Capable of movement
Humpback Whale
Spider Monkey
Corn
Whale
Shark
Kingdom
Plantae
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Anthophyta
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Monocotyledones
Chondrichthyes
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Commelinales
Squaliformes
Cetacea
Primates
Family
Poaceae
Rhincodontidae
Balaenopteridae
Atelidae
Genus
Zea
Rhincodon
Megaptera
Ateles
Species
Zea mays
Rhinacodon
typus
Megaptera
novaeangilae
Ateles
paniscus
4. Using the chart above: which organism is least like the others? ____________________________
Describe why:
5. Name two organisms that are most closely related. __________________________________________
Describe why:
6. Name two organisms that are least closely related. ___________________________________________
Describe why:
Viruses and Bacteria
In the picture to the right: Is this a bacterial cell or a virus? _____________________________
1.
Does it contain DNA or genetic material? _____________
a.
if so, where is it located?
2.
What do these pathogens need to reproduce: ______________________________
3.
Describe what occurs during the lytic cycle:
4.
Viruses are (larger/smaller) than living cells.
5.
Is the picture to the left a bacterial cell or a virus? ______________________
6.
Which kingdom does this belong to if it causes illness? _____________________
7.
Does this organism have DNA or genetic material? ____________________
8.
Is this a prokaryotic cell or a
eukaryotic cell?
__________________________________
9.
Uncooked meat can carry harmful bacteria. Using the chart
below, which disinfectant would kill the bacteria and inhibit
further growth? _________________
10. Which disinfectant is the least effective in inhibiting
bacterial growth? _____________________________________
11. Which substance is used as the control? ___________________________
12. Sequence the disinfectants from least to most effective in controlling bacteria.
________________________________________
13. List 2 ways in which bacteria are beneficial.
a)___________________________________________________________________
b)___________________________________________________________________
14. List 2 ways in which bacteria are harmful or detrimental.
a)___________________________________________________________________
b)___________________________________________________________________
15. Bacterial infection can be controlled or treated by taking ____________________. Can the flu be treated
by an antibiotic? _____________ Why or why not? __________________________________________.
16. What does H.I.V stand for? ______________________________________________________
17. Describe what effect HIV has on the body:
18. List 2 ways HIV can be transmitted:
1.
_________________________________
2. ______________________________
Dichotomous Key
Identify:
Bird W: __________________
Bird X: ___________________
Bird Y: ___________________
Bird Z: ___________________