The Internet and Its
Uses
Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP –
Chapter 1
MCHS
Key Vocabulary
 Construct a sentence using
each of the following key
vocabulary terms.
 ICMP
 Internet
 Scalability
 Standard
 NOC
 ISP-what does it stand
for and what does it
do?
 Help Desk
 POP
 DSL
 11 vocabulary
terms, 30 minutes to
complete = 50 point
grade.
 Bandwidth
 IPX
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Internet
 The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible network
of networks. It enables individuals and businesses
alike, through interconnected computer networks, to
share information, resources, and services.
 Why was the Internet ever developed???
It is hard for most to imagine but it was for research, not games,
chatting, e-mail or shopping.
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Internet in Business
 E-commerce
– business over the web
– online shopping, Ebay, etc.
 Communication
– email, IM, VoIP
 Collaboration & Training
– document sharing
– remote work environment
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Activity
 Go to page 1.1.2.2 and complete the ISP activity. Make
sure to compare and read what each ISP offers before
making your selection.
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Standards and the Internet
 Standards
– set of rules how something must be done
– makes it possible for different devices to send information
over the Internet
 RFC (Request for Comments)
– to document the development and approval of an Internet
standard
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ISP Services
 ISP’s Generally offer the following services:
 Equipment co-location
– store equipment at the ISP because of security, Internet
speed and constant power
 Web hosting – store one or multiple web pages
 FTP hosting – store files for others to access
 VoIP – offer telephone services through the Internet
 Tech support – Assistance to users
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Internet Connectivity Options

Bandwidth (Speed) is measured in bits per second

Dial-up
– Inexpensive
– Uses phone with a modem
– Slowest connection (56kbps)

Cable
– Offered by cable TV
– Cable modem separates signals
– Faster connection (512 kbps)

Satellite
– 128 – 512 kbps depending on service
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Internet Connectivity Options

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
– More expensive than dial up
– Faster connectivity
– Uses phone line with continuous connection
– DSL modem separates signals

ADSL (Asymmetric)
– Suitable for the home user
– Download speed faster than upload

SDSL (Symmetric)
– Suitable for small-to-medium business
– Upload and download speeds the same
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Bandwidth Connections – For Medium To Large Businesses
 T1
– can transmit up to 1.544 Mbps
– symmetrical
– E1 (European)
• can transmit at 2.048 Mbps
 T3
– can transmit up to 45 Mbps
– used for larger businesses with more employees
– E3 (European)
• can transmit at 34.368 Mbps
 MetroEthernet
– used by large companies with many branches in the same city
– can transmit up to 10 Gbps
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Internet Hierarchy
 POP is the point that individuals and small businesses
connect directly to the ISP network to obtain Internet
access
 Internet Backbone is connected through one of the
following:
– IXP (Internet Exchange Point)
or
– NAP (Network Access Point)
 Over 100 points worldwide
 Fiber used to connect the Internet backbone
– also can run under the sea
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ISP Tiers

Tier 1
– Huge organizations that connect with each other
– Span several continents- from the global Internet backbone

Tier 2
– Pay Tier 1 to carry traffic across continents

Tier 3
– Most major cities
– Provides customer with local Internet access
– Pays Tiers 1 & 2 for their services
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Tools To Map The Internet
 Ping- tests the accessibility of a specific IP address.
The ping command sends an ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol) echo request packet to the
destination address and then waits for an echo reply
packet to return from that host.
 Pings reveal two things to the user 1) The time it takes
to get from point A to point B and 2) If the destination is
reachable.
 Pings may work on one request and then may fail on
the next because of connectivity issues.
 Traceroute- displays the path that a packet takes from
the source to the destination host. Helps determine
the location of network problems and identifies routers
that packets travel across
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Packet Tracer Activity
 Open up Packet Tracer and complete the activity from
page 1.2.3.4 using Ping and Traceroute.
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Devices Used for ISPs to Communicate
 Access Devices
 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer)
CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
Modems
 Border Gateway Routers
 Enable ISP to connect to another ISP
 Servers
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ISP’s Are A Business
 Just like any business an ISP wants to grow. In order
to grow the ISP and its equipment must be scalable.
 Scalability is the capacity of a network to allow for
future change and growth. In order to accommodate
network growth the equipment needs a high level of
modularity which means equipment can be expended
very easily.
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Packet Tracer Activity
 Complete the Packet Tracer Activity from page 1.3.1.3
that will identify the equipment needed to help an ISP
meet the needs of a customer.
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ISP Support Service Teams
 Customer Service- first line of communication
 Planning & Provisioning
 helps determine whether customer needs new or can use
existing hardware
 On-site
 which equipment needs to be installed & installs it
 NOC (Network Operating Center)
 monitors and tests network connectivity
 Help Desk
 notifies customer when circuit is ready for operation & offers
assistance over the phone or through other resources
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Activity
 On page 1.3.2.3 identify what the role each of the
teams within the ISP Service Support Team Plays.
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Summary
 Businesses use the Internet for e-commerce,
communications, collaboration, and training.
 Internetworking standards ensure that all devices
connecting to the Internet use the same set of rules.
 All Internet connections are made through an Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
 Multiple ISPs join together at an Internet Exchange
Point (IXP) to gain access to each other’s networks.
 ISPs must provide a reliable and scalable network.
 ISP organizations are composed of many teams
offering a range of support services.
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ISP Flyer Design
 Create a one page/poster/construction paper flyer that
highlights a newly established ISP. You are the creator
of the new ISP and the name is left up to you. On your
flyer outline how your ISP support team will function
make sure to include all five parts of the team
somewhere on your flyer. Highlight the services that
your ISP will offer such as web hosting, DSL services,
etc and the estimated cost.
 **Remember this flyer is to introduce your company, its
structure, services offered and costs. The flyer will
appear in the local newspaper in an attempt to attract
new customers.**
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