BIOL 2401
STUDY GUIDE—EXAM 1
Textbook: Chapters 1 and 2 (pgs 1-61)
1. Biology is the
2. The oldest medical science is
3. Anatomy means
Physiology means
4. An eponym is
5. The divisions of anatomy
6. List some subdivisions of anatomy.
7. List the subdivisions of physiology.
8. List the levels of organization:
9. Name the organ systems.
10. Homeostasis is
11. The two mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation:
12. The parts of a regulatory mechanism
13. Negative feedback is
14. Thermoregulation is
15. Positive feedback is
16. What is the state of equilibrium?
17. Study the anatomical landmarks, regions, quadrants, and directional terms.
18. Distinguish these planes: Transverse, Sagittal, Frontal, Midsagittal
19. Differentiate the following: medial/lateral; proximal/distal; dorsal/ventral
20. List functions of body cavities:
21. The diaphragm is
The mediastinum is
Give the breakdown of the coelom.
22. What are the CAT, DSA, MRI, PET, and ultrasound?
23. Define: matter, atom, neutron, proton, electron, atomic number, electron cloud, element, isotope, mass
number, radioisotopes, half-life, atomic weight, compound, molecule, reactive, inert, molecular weight.
24. What are deuterium and tritium?
25. What is an energy level and give the electron capacity of each.
26. What is a chemical bond?
27. What is an ionic bond?
28. Distinguish between an electron donor and an electron acceptor.
29. What is a covalent bond?
30. Distinguish between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond.
31. Compare the hydrogen bond to the covalent and ionic bonds.
32. What is surface tension?
33. List the states of matter
34. Define work and energy
35. Distinguish between potential energy and kinetic energy
36. Name the types of chemical reactions. Write an equation for each.
37. Define activation energy.
38. Distinguish between exergonic and endothermic reactions.
39. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds.
40. Define nutrient and metabolite.
41. Identify the properties of water that make it so important to the body
42. Identify the parts of a solution
43. What is the meaning of ionization?
44. What is the vital function of the electrolytes?
45. Hydrophilic is
Hydrophobic is
46. Describe a colloid and a suspension.
47. pH is
48. What are the pH values of the following: neutral, acidic, basic?
49. Give the range of the pH scale.
50. Distinguish between an acid, a base, and a salt.
51. What role do buffers play?
52. A carbohydrate is
53. The three classes of carbohydrates are
54. What is glycogen?
55. How are disaccharides and polysaccharides formed? Write a reaction.
56. A lipid is
57. The five classes of lipids are
58. A prostaglandin is
59. What type of molecule is cholesterol?
Name the two ways you can obtain cholesterol.
60. Give four reasons why steroids are so important to the body?
61. What is a structural lipid?
62. A protein is
63. List the categories of proteins
64. An amino acid is
The constituents of amino acids are
65. Describe a peptide bond?
66. List the four levels of protein structure.
67. Distinguish between fibrous proteins and globular proteins.
68. The characteristics of enzymes are
A substrate is
An active site is
69. An example of a cofactor is
An example of a coenzyme is
70. Denaturation is
71. What do glycoproteins and proteoglycans have in common?
72. Nucleic acids are
The two nucleic acids are
73. Describe the structure of a nucleic acid
74. How do DNA and RNA differ?
75. A high-energy compound is
76. Distinguish between AMP, ADP, and ATP.
What role does phosphorylation play in their structure?
77. Define metabolic turnover.
78. What is radiation sickness?
79. What is the turnover time for total protein in a muscle cell?
80. The turnover time for total protein in the liver is