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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Life Cycle Analysis Role in Improving Food Supply
Questions and Answers
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A Quick Look at Dow
Our Mission
• To passionately innovate what is essential to human progress by providing sustainable solutions to our customers
Key Facts
• Founded in 1897 by Herbert H. Dow in Midland, Michigan, USA
• Supplies a broad range of products and services to customers in approximately 160 countries
• More than 5,000 products manufactured at 188 sites in 35 countries
• Employs ~50,000 people worldwide
• Sales revenue of USD 53.7 billion in 2010
• 2010 R&D spending of USD 1.7 billion
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Packaging – a Strategic Focus for Dow
Flexible Packaging
$81 Billion
Rigid Packaging
$114 Billion
Paper & Board
$145 Billion
Metal, Glass & Other
$160 Billion
Global Packaging Industry = $500 Billion
Source: 2010 Dow estimates
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Dow in Packaging:
$
8 billion
• Packaging resins
• Specialty adhesives
• Specialty films
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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Life Cycle Analysis Role in Improving Food Supply
Questions and Answers
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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We Need More Food on the Global Dinner Table
• Population is growing 200,000 new mouths to feed every night
– Global population will grow by >30% between now and 2050
• Arable land for food production is finite
– Will grow by only 5% by 2050 – mostly in
Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America
• In 2008, homo sapiens became a majority urban species*; most of the world’s food now has to travel great distances from farm to mouth
* According to 2011 State of the World – Innovations that Nourish the Planet, The Worldwatch
Institute, published January 12, 2011
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More Food on the Global Dinner Table
• One-third of the food produced for human consumption in both developing and developed markets – about 1.3 billion tons per year – gets lost or wasted*
100% of food harvested globally
28% lost to postharvest spoilage and animal feed
40% lost in processing, distribution and household handling
• Innovative food packaging can improve both, food preservation and food safety
* Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, May 2011
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More People with Greater Need for Good Packaging
Increasing wealth around the world can lead to increased demands on packaging
– Consumerism
• Easy opening
• Re-closable
• On the go consumption
• Portion Packs
• From freezer to microwave
– Healthy food
– Food safety – increased regulations
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Innovative Packaging can be One Answer
Innovative packaging can be
• Lighter and easier to transport
• Preserving food longer than traditional packaging
• Adapted to address specific geographic needs
• Delivering new or added functionality
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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Sustainability and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Questions and Answers
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Dow Thoughts on Sustainability
“Sustainability requires making every decision with the future in mind.
It is about our relationship with the world around us – creating economic prosperity and social value while contributing to the preservation of the planet."
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Understanding Sustainability
• Narrow definitions of sustainable products
– Bio-based / renewable
– Compostable / biodegradable
– Recycled
• The problem with these definitions
– Sustainable attributes ≠ sustainability per se
– Traditional products different sustainable attributes
• Our approach
– Full life cycle thinking = key to understanding sustainable solutions
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Life Cycle Analysis/Thinking
Source: UNEP
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LCA Examines Many Different Parameters
• For example:
– Total energy requirement of the value chain to deliver the functional unit
– Global warming potential (carbon footprint)
• Measures emissions of all greenhouse gases in units of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2- eq) by weight;
Note: Carbon footprint is just one derived parameter from LCA
– Total system fresh water requirement;
– Ozone depletion potential;
– Acidification potential;
– Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP);
–
Etc.
Focusing on just one parameter can be misleading!
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Which One is Best?
• Generally, in any LCA comparison, one solution will look better against some parameters and worse against others.
Decisions frequently involve trade-offs
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Packaging
Life cycle thinking & life cycle assessment decision support is crucial
PO
4
3-
CH
4
NOx
CO
2
Reworked graph from L. Lundquist, Nestlé Research Center
Resources
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Consider the Needs of the Entire Product Life Cycle
MATERIALS SUPPLIER
• Energy Efficiency
• Bio-based Materials and/or Additives
• Renewable
Feedstocks
PACKAGE MFRS.
• Easier extrusion
• Reduced scrap
• Down-gauged or
Light-weighted materials
•
•
•
PRODUCT MFRS.
Mfg Efficiency
Faster Packing Speeds
• Improved Product
Protection
Less re-work
DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL
• Better Food Preservation and
Product Protection
• Lower/Easier Transportation
• Longer Shelf Life
• Reduced Need to Restock
CONSUMERS
• Easier to Open/Close
• Easier to Cook
• Less Refrigeration
• Longer Shelf Life
• Greater Pkg.
Functionality
•
•
END-OF-LIFE
Re-use/Recycle
Recycle-to-Energy
• Chemical
Transformation
• Composting
• Landfil
• Litter/Marine Debris
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Make Lasting Change with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Life cycle thinking is an objective , scientific approach and provides a comprehensive view of a product from cradle to grave:
• It is critical to look at a product’s application and its function.
– It is not appropriate to compare a Kg of one material to a Kg of another material because different materials require different weights.
• A balanced look at end-of-life options is also necessary.
– Being compostable is a desirable attribute where composting is readily available, but could be undesirable if the item is disposed of in a landfill.
• Packaging is part of a product delivery system, not separate from it.
– Reducing the amount of packaging, and then throwing away the product because of damage or spoilage, wastes far more resources.
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LCA Helps Make Better Choices for Beverage Pkg.
Beverage Packaging
• The flexible beverage pouch:
• Consumes ½ the energy of the closest alternative
• Generates 75% less emissions than the closest alternative
• Significantly reduces greenhouse gases released and energy consumed in transport of unfilled packages from converter to filling operation
Beverage
Packaging
Product
Weight
Package
Weight
198.4g
Product/
Packaging
Ratio
Pkg.
Weight per
100g
Product
MSW
Landfill per 100g product
1:1 83.9 g 54.5 g
Energy
Consumption
MJ/8 oz
Emissions
Kg CO
2 e/
8 oz
3.36
0.29
Glass Bottle and
Metal Cap
Plastic PET Bottle and Cap
Aluminum Can
Stand-up Flexible
Pouch
8 ounces
(236 g)
12 ounces
(340 g)
8 ounces
(236 g)
24 ounces
(680 g)
22.7 g
11.3 g
5.7 g
10:1
21:1
35:1
9.6 g
4.7 g
2.8 g
6.0 g
2.4 g
2.8 g
3.00
.99
.45
0.18
0.08
0.02
Source: Flexible Packaging Association; Cradle-to-grave energy consumption and CO
2 emissions data developed by Battelle Memorial Institute
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LCA Helps Make Better Choices for Cereal Pkg.
Package Type Contents
Paperboard and
HDPE Liner
Stand-Up
Pouch
11 oz
12 oz
Landfill
Discards
* (g)
Impact per 100 oz Cereal
Process
GHG**
(kg CO 2 Eq)
Total
Energy**
(MJ)
380.0
.861
12.1
117.5
.265
9.25
Reduction vs Box
Landfill Discards 68%
GHG
Energy
69%
23%
Dow internal calculations based on:
• System boundary: Raw Material
Cradle-to-Gate, plus recycle
• *Discards = package mass – recycle stream
• Cereal box assumptions
― 100% recycled content
― 30% recovered to recycle stream †
• **Lifecycle inventory data sources:
― Paper: Environmental Defensewww.papercalculator.org
― EVA: The Dow Chemical
Company
― Other Plastics: Boustead Model
V5
• †
From The ULS Report, February 2007
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Plastics LCA Extends Far Beyond Food Packaging
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Conclusion – LCA is the Right Tool for this Industry
Life cycle thinking is an objective , scientific approach and provides a comprehensive view of a product from cradle to grave:
• It is critical to look at a product’s application and its function.
• It provides a balanced look at end-of-life options.
• It provides a tool that can be shared across the value chain and promote better, linked decision making.
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