TASK 1
Romanian team:
Şutu

Oana
Andrei Bianca
Rusu
Ioana
Photovoltaic solar energy is the energy produced through photovoltaic
cells, which convert the sunlight directly into electric energy.
Why photovoltaic energy?
 Because all human activities depend on electric energy;
 It is necessary to have an unconventional energy, renewable,
easily accessed and without high costs;
The required primary energy of humanity in 2006 was 1.0 × 1014
kWh/year. The Sun provides approximately 1.1 × 1018kWh, so
13.000 more times than needed;

In our city the idea of setting up a photovoltaic central, dates
since November 2009. Then it was approved the construction
project of a photovoltaic plant with a power of 2.9946 MW;

The installations will occupy 3.6 hectares of land;

The works began in May 2013;
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The bottom table shows the characteristics of the future plant.
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Yet, in our city we have photovoltaic panels on:
1. Private constructions,
2. Public institutions (schools, kindergartens, polyvalent hall) etc.
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THE ADVANTAGES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS
Long life time and functioning, approximately 25
years;
 Are depreciated over time, amortization period
depends on the technology used;
 Low running costs: The photovoltaic elements use
sunlight-free fuel;
 Ecological: do not consume fossil fuel, so do not
pollute the environment;
 Inexhaustible source;
 Technology without noise pollution.

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Solved tasks
1.
Water power plant
 η =0.85(85%)
 ρ=103 kg/m3
 Q=150m3/s
 g=9.81m/s2
 h=100m
 P= η * Q *ρ *g*h
 P=0.85*150 m3/s *103kg/m3
*9.81 m/s2*102
m=125.0775·106 w
 P=125·106w - power of a 1
Francis turbine
 Ptotal=2·125 ·106w = 250·106w
Photovoltaic panel - the power
of solar radiation (in a sunny day)
at the surface of the photovoltaic
panel angled to 30 degrees it is
1000 W/m2. A voltaic park /
photovoltaic plant of 10 km2 will
have the power:
Pf =1000 W/m2 *107 m2= 1010 w
Conclusion:
Pf/ Ptotal=1010 w/ 250·106w = 40
Photovoltaic plant provides 40
times more electric power than
hydro plant for 10 km2.
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2.
W=P*t
The energy W water power plant per year:
250*106w* 365 days*24 hours=219*106 kwh
The energy W photovoltaic plant per year: 1010
w* 365 days*24 hours= 8760 *106 kwh
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3.
The water power plant Stejaru (15 km of our city) it is
powered by the waters of the biggest artificial lake arranged
on the inland rivers.
C h a r a c t e r i s t i cs : Stejaru central is semi air type and
includes six generating groups of Czech manufacturing, with
Francis turbines with vertical shaft: four turbines with a
power of 27.50 MW and two turbines of 50 MW.
debit -178 m3/sec,
 high -127 m
 surface, S – 310km2
 the length of the lake-35 km
 width comprised- between 200 and 2000 m
 the maximum volume - 1250*109 m3
 P installed =210 Mw

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THE NEARLY PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT:
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PV Output: 1.001,88 kWp
Gross/Active PV Surface Area:
7.093,96 / 7.109,36 m²
PV Array Irradiation: 10.201.141 kWh
Energy Produced by PV Array (AC):
1.148.878 kWh
Grid Feed-in: 1.148.878 kWh
System Efficiency: 11,2 %
Performance Ratio: 79,3 %
Inverter Efficiency: 94,7 %
PV Array Efficiency: 11,8 %
Specific Annual Yield:1.138 kWh/kWp
The performance for m2:
The water power plant
Stejaru:
W/m2 = (210*106w*365
days*24 hours)/310m2 =
1839600Kwh/310*103m
2= 5.93 Kwh/ m2
Photovoltaic plant:
1148878Kwh/ 7.109,36
m²=161.60 Kwh/ m2
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4.
10 km2 = 1000 hectares
 The medium production of wheat on hectare is 3.46 tones
=> for 10 km2 we have 3460 tones
 The medium production of corn for one hectare is 3.86
tones => for 10 km2 we have 3860 tones
 The medium production of potatoes is 15.12 tones => for
10 km2 is 15120 tones
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