Chapter 27 and 28 Notes
AP US History
Mrs. Marshall
The
policy of extending a nation’s
authority over other countries by
economic, political or military
means
Factors which fueled
American imperialism:
 Desire
for military strength
 Thirst for new markets
 The belief in the superiority of
American culture
 1890
-- US Navy
officer Alfred Thayer
Mahan published
The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History.
 Believed country’s
greatness was due
to navy and control
of the seas
 US
needed foreign markets because
Farms and factories produced more
than Americans could consume.
Also, needed raw materials for their
factories.
 People
of US believed they were
better. Racist belief came from the
people’s pride in their Anglo-Saxon
heritage. Felt they had duty to
spread their culture and Christian
religion
 James
G. Blaine
presided over
First PanAmerican
Conference in
1889.
 Samoan
Islands in South pacific.
 America Samoa is an American
possession.
 Hawaiian Islands
 1875-US agreed to import sugar duty-free.
 McKinley Tariff (1890) resulted in Hawaiian
growers facing competition form other
growers.
 Hawaiian sugar growers wanted the US to
annex Hawaii
 1887-
US had forced Hawaii to let it
build a naval base at Pearl Harbor.
 American business leaders organized a
revolt against the queen-US
ambassador, John L. Stevens helped.
 Established a temporary government
with Sanford B. Dole as president.
 Pres.
Cleveland refused to annex the
islands unless majority of Hawaiians
favored it.
 1897 McKinley became PresidentHawaii became a US territory in 1898
 Belonged
to Spain/wanted their
independence
 Sugar most important product in Cuba
 Cuban economy collapsed in 1894 due to
tariff
 1895 Cubans led a revolt/revolt led by
Jose Marti
 Rebels wanted US to help them
 1896 Spain sent army to Cuba to restore
order. General Valeriano Weyler placed
many Cubans in concentration camps
 Reporting
that exaggerates the news in
order to make it more exciting
2 events which led to the
entry of the US:
 The publication of the de Lôme
letter which insulted President
McKinley
 The explosion of the USS Maine in
the Havana harbor
 US
Congress declared war April of 1898
 Teller
Amendment- stated the US had
no intention of exercising control or
sovereignty over Cuba.
1st battle of Spanish-American
War occurred
 American naval commander George
Dewey sailed into Manila and destroyed
Spanish fleet
 US soldiers then fought on side of
Filipino rebels to help them gain
independence
 Where
 American
troops landed on island June
1898
 Rough Riders-volunteer
soldiers/Theodore Roosevelt
 Spain surrendered July 25
 The
war lasted 113 days
 Granted
Cuba its independence
 Spain gave Puerto Rico and Guam
to the US
 US paid Spain $20 million for the
annexation of the Philippine Islands
 Anti-Imperialist
League
• People who organized to fight
McKinley’s expansionist moves.
 Protectorate
• A country whose affairs are
partially controlled by a stronger
power
 Sec.
of War Elihu
Root drafted the
Platt Amendment in
which Cuba became
an American
protectorate and the
Platt Amendment
became a part of the
Cuban Constitution.
 Forbade
interference by any foreign
nation in Cuba
 Stated that the US had the right to
maintain order in Cuba
 Cuba became an independent
nation in 1934/Platt Amendment was
withdrawn.
 An
agreement was made between
the US and Cuba/can only be
revoked by the consent of both
countries.
 A us naval base-It is a 28,000 acre
Cuban beachhead.
 As
a result of the war, American
prestige rose sharply.
 Congress
passed the Foraker Act in
1900 which ended military rule and
set up a civil government
 1917 Congress made Puerto Ricans
US citizens
 Emilio
Aguinaldo started a rebellion
in 1899 against US. The US set up a
government similar to one in Cuba.
 Granted Filipinos independence
July 4, 1946
 Sec.
of State John Hay proposed an
“open door” policy in China in which all
nations would have equal trading and
development rights throughout all of
China. Placed all imperialists powers on
equal footing in China
 They
were
protesting the
influence of western
countries in China.
 After rebellion was
defeated the US
issued more Open
Door notes
 William
McKinley
was reelected with
Theodore Roosevelt
as his Vice President
 September 1901
McKinley was
assassinated at the
Pan-American
Exposition in Buffalo
by Leon Czolgosz.
Leon Czolgosz after assassinating
William McKinley in September,
1900
 Began
in 1904. Both wanted to control
Korea. Japan captured Korea and
invaded Manchuria which was
controlled by Russia.
 1905 representatives from both
countries met-Roosevelt served as the
negotiator. Treaty of Portsmouth was
signed.
 1906 Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize.
 Isthmus
of Panama
 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 removed
all joint rights to any canal, giving the
US sole rights to construct, control and
maintain a canal.
 Panama was a province of Colombia.
US helped Panama rebel against
Colombia and Panama became
independent.
 US
received rights to a canal zone
which was to extend 5 miles on each
side of route
 Would pay Panama $10 million
 Would pay Panama yearly rental of
$250,000.00
 US guaranteed the independence of
Panama and the neutrality terms of the
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty would be
honored
 Corollary-
a logical result of another
statement
 Roosevelt Corollary- claimed the US had the
right not only to oppose European
intervention in the Western Hemisphere but
to intervene itself in the domestic affairs of
its neighbors if those neighbors proved
unable to protect US investments.
 Roosevelt tied it to the Monroe Doctrine to
gain legitimacy.
 1907-1908
 Agreement
by the government of Japan
to limit Japanese emigration to the US
in exchange for San Francisco
desegregating the schools
 Agreed
to respect each other’s
territorial holdings in the pacific and to
uphold the Open Door Policy.
 The US was recognizing Japan’s
imperialist presence in Manchuria and
Korea