Describe the 30-Years’ War in ONE sentence.
What were
the primary
causes of
the 30-Years’
War?
Explain the
significance of
the
Defenestration
of Prague
Describe the Bohemian Phase in 3-5 words.
Battle of White Mountain (1620), where imperial forces under Count of Tilly won a decisive victory
Defend or refute the following statement:
The Imperial victories during the Danish Phase,
leading to the Edict of Restitution, threatened to
undo the Protestant Reformation.
Wallenstein
The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of
Breitenfeld (1631).
Gustavus Adolphus’s innovative tactical integration of infantry, cavalry, logistics and particularly
his use of artillery, earned him the title of the "Father of Modern Warfare". He is famous for
employing mobile artillery on the battlefield, as well as very aggressive tactics, where attack was
stressed over defense, and mobility and cavalry initiative were emphasized.
Among other innovations, he installed an early form of combined arms in his formations, where
the cavalry could attack from the safety of an infantry line reinforced by cannon, and retire again
within to regroup after their foray. He adopted much shallower infantry formations than were
common in the pike and shot armies of the era, with formations typically fighting in 5 or 6 ranks,
replacing the cumbersome and unmaneuverable traditional deep squares (such as the Spanish
Tercios that were up to 50 ranks deep) occasionally supported at some distance by another similar
formation—the gaps between them holding the artillery and cavalry.
His artillery were themselves different—he would not let himself be hindered by cumbersome
heavy cannon, but instead over a course of experimentation settled on smaller, more
maneuverable weapons, in effect fielding the first light field artillery in history in significant
numbers. These were grouped in batteries supporting his mobile infantry. In consequence, his
forces could redeploy and reconfigure very rapidly, confounding his enemies.
Additionally, his armies were very well trained for the day, so that his musketeers were widely
known for their firing accuracy and reload speed: three times faster than any contemporary rivals.
Describe Gustavus Adolphus’s place in history.
Why did the French side with the Protestants? What did
this guy have to do with that? What does his move
represent? What does it mean the war became?
The Peace of Westphalia
What did Westphalia mean for the princes of the HRE?
For the HRE itself, and the Emperor?
For the Pope?
For Calvinists?
For France?
What were
the
significant
territorial
changes
made by the
Peace of
Westphalia?
What does
this map tell
you?
Why did this
happen?
What would be
the long-term
ramifications of
such a loss?
Discuss this chart
from your
Document
Activity.
(hint: take it out so
you can see what
you thought!)
Directly against Emperor
Indirectly against Emperor
Directly for Emperor
Indirectly for Emperor
Discuss questions 2-6 of your Document Activity.
Take out the “Modern Statecraft” reading.
Share your sentence(s) from question 9 with your partner.
Then go through the previous eight questions.
Discuss the three “Considers” from your “Interpretations of the 30Years’ War.”
Which of the two primary interpretations do you buy more? Why?
What was the significance of the Ottoman Empire to Europe? What
role did it play in European religion & politics?
Explain the significance of these terms as they relate to the
relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Europe:
1453, perception, & 1683.