Life Span
Chapter 8
Preschool
Preschool
• Age
–3-6yrs
Height & Weight
• Height
–2 ½ inches / year
• Weight
–6 pounds / year
Body proportions
• Subcutaneous tissue
–i
• Adipose tissue
–i
• Trunk growth ___ extremity growth
–<
Muscle & Bone Development
• 75% of weight gain due to
–Muscle growth
Muscles & Bone Development
• Hips rotate
–Inward 
–Adduction of the foot
Muscle & Bone Development
• Long bones
– Red marrow 
– Yellow marrow
• Flat bones
– Red marrow
• Skull, Sternum, Pelvis
– Blood cell production
Teeth
• Tooth decay
• Plaque
• Dental visits
–Q 6 months
Sensory Development
• Vision
– 20/20
– By age 5
• Depth perception
• Color
• Hearing
– Ear infections
Vital Signs
• Pulse
– 90-100 / minute
• Resp
– 22-25 / min
• BP
– 100 / 60
Gross motor
• 4 yrs
– Walking / running
• Tip toes
– Hop & balance
• One foot
– Stairs
• Alternating feet
– Climb & jump
– Tricycle
– Catch a ball with arms
• 5 yrs
– h Coordination
– Jump rope
– Skip
– Balance beam
– Catch a ball with hands
– Sports
Fine motor
• Self-care
– Front /back
– Spoon / fork
– Toiletting
• Draw
• Scissors
• Printing name
Sexual Development
• Genital awareness
• Strong attachment to parent of
– Opposite sex
• Masturbation
Psychosocial development: Initiative
• Explore!
• Pretending
Psychosocial development: Discipline
• Set limits
• Discipline teaches 
–Impulse control
• Explore feelings
Psychosocial development:
• Jealousy
–Affection
–Attention
–Recognition
Preschool education
• Purpose?
–Cognitive
–Motor
–Social
According to Piaget, what stage of
cognitive development is a pre-school
age child?
A. Analytical
B. Pre-conventional
C. Sensorimotor
D. Conventional
E. Pre-operational
Cognitive development
• Centration
– Single focus
• (person with a mask)
Cognitive development
• Centration
• Lack reversibility
– How 2 actions relate
Cognitive development
• Centration
• Lack reversibility
• Transductive reasoning
– 2 simultaneous events  one caused the other
Cognitive development
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Centration
Lack reversibility
Transductive reasoning
Symbolic functioning
Cognitive development
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•
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•
Centration
Lack reversibility
Transductive reasoning
Symbolic functioning
Animism
– Objects have human feeling & intentions
• (Grandma T’s microwave)
Cognitive development
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•
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•
•
Centration
Lack reversibility
Transductive reasoning
Symbolic functioning
Animism
Intuitive thought
– Believe without knowing why
Cognitive development
•
•
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•
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•
Centration
Lack reversibility
Transductive reasoning
Symbolic functioning
Animism
Intuitive thought
No class inclusion
– Can not see an object as belonging to 2 groups
Cognitive development
• Language & Memory
• Egocentric
– Share
– Take turn
– Follow rules
• Creative
• Increased attention span
Communication
• 4 yrs
– 4 word sentences
– Who, what, where
– Nouns, verbs & adjectives
• 5 yrs
– 5+ word sentences
– 2,000+ word vocabulary
Nutrition
• Caloric intake
–1,800 cal /day
Sleep and Rest
• 10-12 hours / night
• Nap
– 1 a day (if)
– 30 – 60 minutes
• Nightmares
Play
• Cooperative /
associative play
– Follow rules
– Share
– Take turns
•
•
•
•
Symbolic play continues
Audience
Imagination
Imaginary friends
Play
• Building confidence
Play
• Imagination
Play
• T.V.
Safety
• Car seats
Safety
• Water safety
Safety
• Stranger Danger
Health Promotion
• Booster shots
– DPT
• Diphtheria
• Pertussis
• Tetanus
– IPT
• Polio vaccine
Thumb sucking
• Malalignment of the teeth
Enuresis
• Bed-wetting
– Boys _____ Girls
– Boys > Girls
Fears
• Dark
• Mutilation
• Abandonment
Handling Fears
1. Acknowledge
2. Reality
3. Reassure
Fear of the dark
Fear of mutilation
Fear of Abandonment
• Do NOT sneak or lie!
Safety
• Car seats
• Injuries
• Strangers
Thumb sucking
• Malalignment of the
teeth
Bed-wetting
• Enuresis
Fears
• Dark
• Mutilation
• Abandonment