Chapter 3
The Work of Speaking and Listening
Vocal Production
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We make a vast variety of amazing sounds;
form giggles to growns; talking to singing;
even yawns, whistles, and screams.
How do we make all of those sounds?
The more we know about how, the better
we can control the way we produce sounds.
Beatbox Examples
Video 1 - MIB
Video 2 - Amazing
Video 3 - Felix
Video 4 – Girl
Video 5 – Must See
Steps of Vocal Production
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Breath and Sound
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Breath Control
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Diaphragm, Trachea, Lungs
Demonstration
Video-Breathing
Sound Production
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Larnyx, Vocal Cords, Glottis and Epiglottis
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Larnyx controls pitch
Video-Speech and Voice
Steps of Vocal Production
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Resonance
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Sound produced by vocal cords moves upward in the
throat to resonating chamber. Like echoes in a cave.
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Pharnyx - muscle between mouth and nasal cavities
Video – 5th Element
Steps of Vocal Production
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Articulation
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The way our mouths form words
Articluators – tongue, teeth, jaw, hard and soft
palate, and lips
Video 1- Speech, Voice, Fluency
Video 2 - Wabbits
Video 3-Art of speech
Journal Response
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List, Define, and Describe the Steps of Vocal
Production in your Speech Journal.
The Listening Process
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What distinguishes listening from hearing?
The Four-step Process to Listening…
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Receiving
Interpreting
Evaluating
Responding
Recently, in many universities and speech texts, the
elements have been revised or reffered to as a fivestep process– Hearing, Attending, Understanding,
Responding, and Remembering.
Receiving
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Hearing is only the first step!
This is the physical parts, hearing with your
ears and seeing with your eyes.
Interpreting
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Thinking process…
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Influences…
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Previous Experiences
Background Knowledge
Evaluating
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Thinking process
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Make Connections
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Gain Understanding
Make decisions on understanding
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Have enough information
Need more information
Responding
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Verbal and or Nonverbal
Acknowledging message received and understood.
Listening Responses
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Questioning
Paraphrasing
Advising
Judging
Analyzing
Supporting
Prompting
Video
Video Example 1 (etrade)
Video Example 2 (geico)
Journal Response
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Describe the listening process and include
examples.
Types of Listening
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Informative
Empathic
Critical
Creative
Each type requires effort and awareness.
Informative Listening
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Gathering information
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Examples:
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School (note-taking)
Taking phone messages
Recipes
Directions
Media – weather, politics, news
Demonstrations (how to do something)
Empathic Listening
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Listening to another’s feelings.
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Listening to someone’s problems
Sharing concern
Showing sympathy
Express caring
Critical Listening
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Examining information
Choosing a side
Making a stand
Requires separating fact from opinion
Creative Listening
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Using your imagination as you interpret the
message.
Creating pictures in your mind (visuallizing)
the message as you listen.
Journal Response
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Describe a scenario, an experience, for each
of the four types of listening.
Barriers to Listening
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Three major barriers to listening:
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External Barriers
Speaker Barriers
Self-Barriers
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Does not include hearing-impairments.
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External Barriers
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Situations in the environment that keep you
from paying careful attention to the speaker.
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Distractions
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Can you think of some examples?
Speaker Barriers
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Characteristics of the speaker that interfere
with listening.
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Appearance, Mannerisms
Prejudices
Believability
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Can you think of some examples?
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Self-Barriers
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Personal attitudes or behaviors that interfere
with listening.
Internal Distractions
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Thoughts
Feelings
Physical state
Lack of Knowledge
Personal Prejudices
Desire to Talk
Can you think of some examples?
Barriers Observation
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Watch this clip from the movie, “A Few Good
Men” then discuss and describe in your
journals, some barriers to good listening
that are exhibited.
Guidelines for Good Listening
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Watch for nonverbal clues.
Try to see things from the speaker’s point of view.
Avoid Distractions.
Listen for the new and unusual.
Listen for repetition.
Get prepared.
Respond (appropriately) to speaker.
Apply the ideas to yourself.
Listen for structure.
Review and preview points.
Journal Response
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How will you apply the guidelines of good
listening in your life.
Chapter Summary & Review
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Pages 68-69
Think about it - #1-5
Put it in writing - #1