WasteMINZ 2007 – Hamilton
CastleBin
Multi Compartment Kerbside Collection
Andrew Slack – Project Manager (Contract) - Palmerston North City Council
Glen Castle - Easy Workz Design
Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd
Project Team
• Andrew Slack – Project Manager – TBL Solutions
• Glen Castle – Castle Bin Design - Easy Workz
• Noel Burgess – Castle Bin Collection – IPSCO Ltd
Agenda
• Waste Minimisation and Recycling Drivers in
Palmerston North
• Household Recycling Collection Trial
• CastleBin Design Features
• CastleBin Collection
Part 1
Waste Minimisation and Recycling
Collection Drivers in Palmerston North
Waste Minimisation Drivers in
Palmerston North
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Closure of Awapuni Landfill on 31st January 2007 and significant long term
increase in waste disposal costs
Replacement of City Enterprises (old technology) collection fleet
Current manual collection using shopping bags leads to staff injuries and
significant litter issues.
Waste and recycling services are core services of the Council and a
significant weekly interface between Council and household.
Opening of Awapuni Recycling Centre and Long Term Partnership with
Fullcircle to increase recycling in general
Adoption of Waste Minimisation Plan in November 2005 by Council
Over 40% of waste deposited into Awapuni was paper and plastics which
are key materials in existing recycling collection
Separation of glass in kerbside collection
Waste Minimisation Plan - 2005
The Palmerston North has a number of goals under its Waste
Minimisation Plan 2005:
1. Strategy 1 – Maintain a comprehensive and effective rubbish collection
and disposal service
2.Strategy 2 - Increase Recycling
3. Strategy 3 – Establish a Resource Recovery Facility with a community
focus
4. Strategy 4 – Provide hazardous waste disposal facilities where possible
5. Strategy 5 – Provide environmental education
6. Strategy 6 – Adopt a disposer pays policy
7. Strategy 7 – Support a waste minimisation levy
8. Strategy 8 – Take a leadership in waste minimisation in the community
“Going Greener” Goals
1. Establish recycling industrial park
powered by renewable energy.
2. Increase domestic recycling rate
from 30% to 50% by 2012
3. Implement Waste Minimisation Plan
Key Factors in Kerbside Recycling
Collection
There are a number of key factors in kerbside recycling collection:
1. Ease of use
2. Health and safety in collection
3. Collection volume, sort time and frequency
4. Cross contamination of material and source separation
5. Environmental factors – wind, rain, animal damage etc.
6. Household acceptance
Recycling Trends in New Zealand
There are a number of trends in recycling in New Zealand:
1.
Move away from waste disposal to resource recovery
2.
Move to wheelie bins for collection – Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru
South Taranaki etc
3.
Long term Council contracts and partnerships with businesses
4.
Service levels and costs have increased.
5.
Recycling is an area where a Council can make a positive
contribution to general environmental awareness.
Part 2
Recycling Collection Trial
Andrew Slack – TBL Solutions
(Contract to Palmerston North City Council)
Objectives of Kerbside Recycling
Trial
Strategy 2 of the WMP has the overall objective of
increasing recycling in Palmerston North. One of the
main factors driving recycling collection volumes is
household acceptance of the kerbside collection
system.
Consequently the Council has undertaken a series of
household acceptance trials.
The objective is to select the best overall system for
Palmerston North looking at a 10 year life span.
Structure of Recycling Trial
The sample size was 350 households from a population of 27,500.
This sample size is predicted to provide around a 5% margin
of error.
Each trial area was split into 3.
Each trial was run for 12 weeks - 3 weeks on shopping bags
(control period) and then 3 weeks on each of 3 new methods
3 Weeks
3 Weeks
3 Weeks
3 Weeks
RC
WB
CB
CB
RC
WB
WB
CB
RC
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Shopping Bags
Trial Areas in Palmerston North
The following areas were included in the recycling trial:
1. Waterloo Crescent – 120 households
2. Ashhurst – 70 households
3. Maxwells Line – 160 households
4. Total Sample Size = 350 Households
5. The last trial week ended 7th December 2006
Recycling Collection Options – Glass Focus
GLASS IS DIFFERENT – IT DOES NOT LIKE COMPACTION OR EXCESSIVE HANDLING
High Quality Glass – Mix, Compact and Break (30%) – Expensive Sorting – Low Quality Glass
Glass
Collection
Options
Single
Stream Glass
Collection
Kerbside
Sorting
Drop-off
Bottle banks
Co-mingled
Glass
Collection
Multi
Co-mingled
Separate
Bin
Collection Compartment
Bin
Split Bin
Waste &
Recycling
Multi Criteria Analysis
Recycling Collection
Multi-Criteria Analysis
1.
Environmental Factors
2.
Community Factors
3.
Economic Factors
Community Factors
Environmental Factors
1.
Recycling Volumes
2.
Glass Recovery Rates
3.
Pest and /Wind Control
1.
Convenience and ease of handling
2.
Litter Control
3.
Health and Safety
(Collection and Household)
Economic Factors
1.
Overall capital investment
2.
On-going operating costs
3.
Relative Collection Cost
4.
Relative Sorting/Processing Cost
5.
Glass Cross Contamination
6.
System Wear and Tear
• MORE THAN LOWEST SHORT TERM CONTRACT COST
• The Palmerston North City Council has used a multi-criteria analysis to
determine that a separate glass collection using bottle banks and/or bins
is the best long term solution for glass collection.
Recycling Methods
4 kerbside recycling
methods were trialed:
1. Shopping Bags (weekly)
2. 2 x Recycling Crates
(weekly)
3. 240litre Standard
Wheelie Bin
4. 240litre Castle (Multi
Compartment) Wheelie
Bin
Shopping Bags – Current System
• Current system
• Nearly phased out in NZ
• Weekly manual system with
health and safety issues
• City Enterprises trucks need
significant re-investment
• Not much scope to increase
volumes
• Time for change?
Recycling Crates – Most Common
in NZ
• Most common system in
New Zealand
• Trend is to replace with
commingled wheelie Bins
• Weekly Collection
• Volume is limited
• Material is sorted on street
with health and safety
issues
Wheelie Bin – Rising Trend in NZ
• Most common system worldwide
• Move to wheelie bin in NZ –
Auckland, Christchurch, Timaru etc
• High penetration already in
Palmerston North ($200 plus per
week)
• Flexible and automated pick-up
• Fortnightly
• Leads to increased participation and
volumes due to convenience
• Has problem of cross (particularly
glass) contamination
Castle Bin – Prototype Invented in
Palmerston North
• Invented in Palmerston
North by Glen Castle and
PNCC recycling team
• All advantages of standard
wheelie bin system
• Additional advantage of
source separation and
reduced post-processing
costs
Questionnaire Format
• Current recycling behavior?
• Current wheelie bin use?
• Do the new methods increase recycling?
• System preference
- user-friendly
- mobility
- tidiness
• Comments
Trial Results
Households Strongly Prefer Wheelie Bins for Recycling
• 90% households prefer either the Castle Bin or
Standard Wheelie Bin for recycling
Total Recycling Trial Preferences
Shopping Bags
Recycling Crates
Wheelie Bins
Multi Bins
Results – Household
Questionnaire
• 50% said a new system would increase their
recycling
• 10% of participants were completely new
recyclers
• 30% used a wheelie bin in some way and 12%
had a green waste bin only
Results – Household
Questionnaire
• There was very low support (2%) for the current
shopping bag system and crate system (9%).
• There was considerable enthusiasm for change
• The householders wanted a tidy system protected
from the environment
• Households like convenience of wheelie bins
• There were quite a few serious fans of the
CastleBin
Trial Results
Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased
• 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line)
increase in recycling weights
Kerbside Recycling Yield (kg/household/week)
8.0
7.0
Kg
6.0
5.0
Shopping Bags
Recycling Crates
Standard MWB
Castle Bin
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1
Recycling Method
Trial Results
Relative sort time was 50% less for CastleBin
Sort Time
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
Material
Shopping Bags
Recycling Crates
40.0
Standard MWB
Castle Bin
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Total
P&C
Plastic
Minutes
Glass
Metals
Trial Results
Residual waste was 50% less for the CastleBin
Total Residual Waste
400
350
300
Shopping Bags
kg
250
Recycling Crates
200
Standard MWB
150
Castle Bin
100
50
0
Waste
Recycling Method
Trial Results
Recycling volumes from alternative recycling systems are increased
• 60% (Waterloo Crescent) to 80% (Maxwells Line)
increase in recycling weights
Kerbside Recycling Yield (kg/household/week)
8.0
7.0
Kg
6.0
5.0
Shopping Bags
Recycling Crates
Standard MWB
Castle Bin
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1
Recycling Method
Castle Bin – Preferred Method
(by Households)
“The multi-bin was very easy to use and the street looked so much tidier on collection
day. I went from two rubbish bags each week down to one which I assume meant I
was recycling more”
“The multi-bin was more user friendly than the wheelie bin…”
“…the multi bin would probably make life easier as items are already separated”
“…Our family really liked the separate compartments of the multi bin. It’s a
winner!!”
“I consider the multi bin to be the most economical as sorting will have generally
been done by each household…”
“Multi bin was by far the best. Its easier for the recycling people as well”
“Loved the multi bin”
Castle Bin – Preferred Method
(by Households)
New Recycling Collection System
Shopping Bags
Dedicated Recyclers
(30%)
Possible Recyclers
(40%)
Unlikely and Never
(30%)
• The ease of use of MWB systems allows the recovery from the 40%
possible recyclers to increase
• Palmerston North has a goal to increase recycling to around 50%
(compared to waste by weight) by 2012
Part 3
CastleBin
Multi Compartment Recycling Collection
Glen Castle – Easy Workz
CastleBin Summary
• The CastleBin is a New Zealand invention.
• It has an international patent for the bottom compartment.
• Glass is collected in the bottom and kept in a separate non
compacting compartment in the split truck.
• The rest of the material is collected mixed and kept in a
high compaction compartment in the split truck
CastleBin – Large Fortnightly Capacity
Large Cardboard
remains loose
6 Bags Paper
And Cardboard
12 Wine bottles
24 Beer bottles
12 Steel Cans
12 Aluminium
24 Large Plastic
bottles (uncrushed)
CastleBin Integrated System
• Integrated Dual Compartment Bin and Truck and
processing
170
Litres
80% - 200 kg/m3 plus Compaction
Paper
Cardboard
Plastics
Metals
Paper
Cardboard
Plastics
Metals
70
Litres
Glass Only
20%
Non Compacted – Glass Only
Castle Bin Injection Moulding
• It is feasible to injection mould the CastleBin
• Probably made in China
• It will have RSID
Part 4
CastleBin
Multi Compartment Recycling Collection
Truck
Noel Burgess – IPSCO Ltd
CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO
• Noel Burgess
• Design brief
• One man operation
• Maximise collection logistics
• Reduce Health & Safety risks
• Dual compartment body
• Automated lifter operation
• Absolutely NO cross contamination of product
CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO
• One man operation
 Dual control vehicle
 In-cab controls
• Maximise collection logistics
 4x2 vehicle configuration
 Maximum body capacity
 Efficient lifter cycle
 Full pack compactor system
 Full eject discharge system
 Minimum tare weight
CastleBin Collection vehicle - IPSCO
• Dual compartment body
 Split matches CastleBin
 Glass on bottom with internal taildoor
 Co-mingle material on top – includes volume of external taildoor
 Full compact\ejector system in top compartment
 Sweep function with full eject in bottom compartment
• Lifter Operation
 Multi axis Joystick control
 Horizontal slide
 Single cylinder vertical rotation
 150 degree rotation to invert CastleBin into body
CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO
• No Cross contamination
 CastleBin remains vertical (upright) until the “top” of the cycle
 No content spill
 As the CastleBin is rotated, to discharge, a “Chute” is rotated out
from the bottom compartment
 Bottom compartment of the CastleBin has completely discharged
before the top section starts (to discharge)
CastleBin Collection Vehicle - IPSCO
• Reduce Health & Safety risks
 No kerbside sorting
 Minimal handling of CastleBin by operator
 Multi camera CCTV system allowing the operator views
 Down RHS of vehicle (when operated from LHS)
 Rear view
 Operator exits onto verge not into traffic
 Body does not “tip” to discharge
 External “audible alarms” for lifter operation, taildoor operation,
reversing
For more information contact:
Andrew Slack
TBL Solutions
Ph 021 267 1788
andrew.slack@tblsolutions.c.nz
or
andrew.slack@pncc.govt.nz